Resistance of local okra cultivars against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), effects of nematode infestation on growth parameters and leaf macro- micronutrients

Abstract

Okra is an important species of vegetable grown in Turkey and around the world. Root-knot nematodes cause serious yield losses in vegetables. Twenty-six cultivars okra were obtained from the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute in 2002. Resistance of this cultivars to nematode was determined and changes induced with nematode infestation on plant morphology and macro- and micronutrients in leaves measured. The experiments were conducted in completely randomized design with four replicates in climate-controlled glasshouse at Alata Horticultural Research Institute in 2019. The cultivars were tested against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) at 25 ± 2ºC. Sixty days after inoculation, root gall indexes varied with an average of 4.56. Compared to uninoculated controls, nematode inoculated reduced plant height by 46.0%, stem thickness by 9.06%, root lengths by 39.7%, leaf widths by 15.1%, leaf lengths by 20.5% and increase root weight by 14.5%. Leaf macro- and micronutrients were determined. Compared to the control, nematode inoculation reduced leaf N, P, K and Mg concentrations by 2.31, 5.85, 5.24 and 10.3%, respectively, and increased Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations by 7.91, 17.0, 13.4, 118 and 15.6%, respectively.

Keywords

• Meloidogyne incognita
• morphological traits
• nutrient
• okra
• resistance

Yerel bamya çeşitlerinin Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae)’ya karşı dayanıklılığı, nematod enfeksiyonunun bamyanın morfolojik özelliklerine ve yapraklarda makro-mikro element içeriğine etkisi

Öz

Bamya dünyada ve ülkemizde yetiştiriciliği yapılan önemli sebze türlerinden birisidir. Kök-ur nematodları sebzelerde önemli ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nden 2002 yılında getirilen 26 yerel bamya çeşidinin nematodlara karşı dayanıklılık durumları, bitki morfolojisinde meydana gelen değişikliklere ve bitki yapraklarındaki makro-mikro besin elementleri içeriğine bakılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’ne ait kontrollü cam seralarda 2019 yılında yürütülmüştür. Yerel bamya çeşitleri Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), popülasyonuna karşı 25 ± 2ºC’de testlenmiştir. İnokulasyondan sonra bitkiler 60. günde bitki sökümleri yapılarak kök gal indeksi değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve ortalama 4.56 ur indeksi oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitkisel özelliklerde kök-ur nematod uygulamasının kontrol bitkilerine göre bitki boyunu ortalama %46.0, gövde kalınlığını %9.06, kök uzunluğunu %39.7, yaprak eni uzunluğunu %15.1, yaprak boyu uzunluğunu %20.50 oranında azalttığı ve bamya kök ağırlığını ise ortalama %14.5 oranında arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bitki yapraklarında makro-mikro besin içeriklerini ise kök-ur nematod uygulamasının kontrol bitkilere göre N, P, K ve Mg değerlerini ortalama olarak sırasıyla %2.31, 5.85, 5.24 ve 10.3 oranında azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Buna karşılık kök-ur nematod uygulamasının kontrol bitkilere göre Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn ve Cu değerlerini ortalama olarak sırasıyla %7.91, 17.0, 13.9, 118 ve 15.6 oranında arttırdığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meloidogyne incognita
• morfolojik özellikler
• besin elementi
• bamya
• dayanıklılık

Kaynakça

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