Bazı bitki türlerinin Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)’nin dört farklı sarımsak popülasyonuna karşı konukçuluk durumlarının belirlenmesi

Öz

Soğan sak nematodu, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) Türkiye’de ekonomik olarak sarımsak yetiştiriciliği yapılan üretim alanlarında yaygın olarak bulunmaktadır. Ditylenchus dipsaci‘nin tarla koşullarında mücadelesi için uygun yöntemlerden birisi de konukçu olmayan bitki türleri ile rotasyon uygulamalarıdır. Bu nedenle sarımsak bitkisi ile rotasyona girebilecek bitki türlerinin nematoda konukçuluk durumlarının belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışmada sekiz farklı bitki türünün önemli sarımsak yetiştirme alanlarından elde edilen dört farklı D. dipsaci popülasyonuna karşı konukçuluk durumları 2017-2018 yıllarında araştırılmıştır. Denemeler iklim odası şartlarında nematodlu ve nematodsuz bitkiler için dört tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Nematodlu bitkilere bitki başına 200 nematod inokule edilmiştir. İnokulasyondan altı hafta sonra bitkilerdeki sonuç nematod popülasyonu belirlenerek üreme faktörleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada bütün nematod popülasyonları için, nergis bitkisi 5.0-6.2 arasında üreme faktörü (Rf) ile mükemmel konukçu olarak belirlenmiştir. Soğan ve sarımsak bitkileri sırasıyla 3.2-3.8 ve 2.1-2.5 Rf ile iyi konukçu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yonca, nohut, pırasa, marul ve buğday bitki türleri sırasıyla 0.6-0.7, 0.5-0.8, 0, 0 ve 0.3-0.5, Rf değerleri ile konukçu olmayan bitki türleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile konukçu olmayan bitki türlerinin soğan sak nematodunun bulaşık olan üretim alanlarında rotasyon bitkisi olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki paraziti nematod
• ırk
• konukçu
• münavebe
• soğan-sak nematodu

Determination of the host status of some plant species with four different garlic populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae)

Öz

Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) is widely distributed in areas where garlic is grown commercially in Turkey. One of the suitable methods for control of D. dipsaci under field conditions is rotation with non-host plant species. Thus, it is necessary to determine the host status of the plant species that can be used in rotation with the garlic plant. For this purpose, the host status of eight different plant species for four D. dipsaci populations obtained from important garlic growing areas was investigated in 2017 and 2018. The experiments were conducted with four replicates of treatments with nematode and without nematodes in a control environment room. Each plant was inoculated with 200 nematodes of the respective population. Six weeks after inoculation, the final nematode population in the plants and reproduction factors were determined. For all nematode populations, daffodil was an excellent host with reproduction factor (Rf) of 5.0-6.2. Onion and garlic plants were good hosts with Rf of 3.2-3.8 and 2.1-2.5, respectively. Lucerne, chickpea, leeks, lettuce and wheat were determined to be non-host species with Rf 0.6-0.7, 0.5-0.8, 0, 0 and 0.3-0.5, respectively. It was concluded that these non-host plant species can be used as rotational crops in the garlic production areas infested with D. dipsaci.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Host
• plant parasitic nematode
• race
• rotation
• stem and bulb nematode

Kaynakça

1. Abd-Elgawad, M. M. M. & T. H. Askary, 2015. “Impact of Phytonematodes on Agriculture Ecology, 3-49”. In: Biocontrol Agents of Phytonematodes (Eds. T. H. Askary & P. R. P Martinelli). CAB International, 470 pp.
2. Ates Sonmezoglu, O., E. Yavuzaslanoglu, Z. Akar, A. Ocal, N. Genc, & B. Terzi, 2020. Molecular characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci on garlic in Turkey. Journal of Plant Disease and Protection, 127 (2): 165-171.
3. Chitambar, J., 2003. Preparing carrot discs for nematode culture. (Web page: http://nemaplex.ucdavis.edu/Methods/ CarrotDisc.htm) (Date accessed: 23.01.2021).
4. Duncan, L. W. & M. Moens, 2006. “Migratory Endoparasitic Nematodes, 123-142”. In: Plant Nematology (Eds. N. R. Perry & M. Moens). CAB International, 568 pp.
5. Hajihassani, A., M. Tenuta & R. H. Gulden, 2016. Host preference and seed-borne transmission of the stem nematodes, Ditylenchus weischeri and D. dipsaci on select pulse and non-pulse crops grown in the Canadian Prairies. Plant Disease, 100 (6): 1087-1092.
6. Hooper, D. J., 1984. Observations on stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, attacking field beans, Vicia faba. Rothamsted Experimental Station Report for 1983, Part 2: 239-260.
7. Hooper, D. J., J. Hallmann & S. Subbotin, 2005. “Methods for Extraction, Processing and Detection of Plant and Soil Nematodes, 53-87”. In: Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (Eds. M. Luc, R. A. Sikora & J. Bridge). CABI Publishing, 896 pp.
8. Janssen, G. J. W., 1994. The relevance of races in Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev, the stem nematode. Fundamentals of applied Nematology, 17 (5): 469-473.

9. Kühnhold, V., S. Kiewnick & R. A. Sikora, 2006. Development of an in vivo Bioassay to Identify Sugar Beet Resistance to the Stem Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematology, 8 (5): 641-645.
10. Mennan, S., 2001. Amasya Suluova İlçesi Soğan Ekim Alanlarında Soğan Sak Nematodu Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Anguinidae) Populasyonunun Bitki Koruma Yönünden Araştırılması. Ondokuz Mayıs University, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Samsun, Turkey, 137 pp (in Turkish with abstract in English).
11. Ocal, A., 2021. Determination of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Major Garlic Production Areas of Turkey and Screening of Some Garlic Genotypes against Stem and Bulb Nematode Races [Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev, 1936]. Çukurova University, (Unpublished) PhD Thesis, Adana, Turkey, 121 pp (in Turkish with abstract in English).
12. Poirier, S., N. Dauphinais, H. Van Der Heiden, P. Y. Veronneau, G. Belair, V. Gravel & B. Mimee, 2019. Host range and genetic characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci populations from Eastern Canada. Plant Disease, 103 (3): 456-460.
13. Roberts, P. A. & S. A. Grathead, 1986. Control of Ditylenchus dipsaci in infected cloves by nonfumigant nematicides. Journal of Nematology, 18 (1): 66-73.
14. Seinhorst, J. W., 1957. Some aspects of the biology and ecology of stem eelworms. Nematologica, 2 (Suppl.): 353-361.
15. Shubina, L. V., 1992. Study of host range of the onion and garlic strains of stem nematodes, depending on soil and climatic. Trudy Gelminologicheskoi Laboratory, 39: 201-206.
16. Sturhan, D. & M. W. Brzeski, 1991. “Stem and Bulb Nematodes, Ditylenchus spp., 423-465”. In: Manual of Agricultural Nematology (Eds. W. R. Nickle & M. Dekker). Marcel Dekker Publications, 1035 pp.
17. Subbotin, S. A., M. Madani, E. Krall, D. Sturhan & M. Moens, 2005. Molecular diagnostics, taxonomy and phylogeny of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci species complex based on the sequences of the inter transcribed spacer-rDNA. Phytopathology, 95 (11): 1308-1315.
18. Thorne, G., 1961. Principles of Nematology. McGraw Hill Publications, New York, 553 pp.
19. Viglierchio, D. R., 1971. Race genesis in Ditylenchus dipsaci. Nematologica, 17 (3): 386-392.
20. Yavuzaslanoglu, E. & G. Aksay, 2021.Susceptibility of different plant species to two populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 45 (1): 77-86.
21. Yavuzaslanoglu, E., O. Ates Sonmezoglu, N. Genc, Z. M. Akar, A. Ocal, S. M. Karaca, I. H. Elekcioglu, V. S. Ozsoy & M. Aydogdu, 2019. Occurrence and abundance of nematodes on onion in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties. Nematology, 21 (10): 1063-1079.