Laboratuvar koşullarında Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) ve avcısı Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’a bazı akarisitlerin toksik etkileri

Öz

Zeytin tomurcuk akarı, Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) Bursa İli (Türkiye) zeytin bahçelerinde sürekli mücadelesinin yapılması gereken ana zararlılar arasında yer almaktadır. Zararlı akarın kimyasal mücadelesinde kullanılan akarisitlerin, doğal düşmanlarının canlılığını ve üremesini düşürmemesi çok kritiktir. Bu nedenle Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi’nde 2019-2020 yıllarında 7 akarisitin 3 farklı konsantrasyonunun hem A. oleae hem de avcısı Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) üzerindeki toksik etkileri kontrollü koşullarda bir kalıntı metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Azadirachtin, acequinocyl, fenbutatin oxide, milbemectin, pyridaben, spirodiclofen ve kükürtün Türkiye’de diğer akarlara önerilen en yüksek konsantrasyonları A. oleae’nın erginlerini %80 ile 100 arasında öldürmüştür. Milbemectin, pyridaben ve kükürtün iki alt konsantrasyonunun A. oleae erginleri üzerindeki öldürücü etkisi çok yüksek bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık, acequinocyl, pyridaben, spirodiclofen ve kükürtün en yüksek konsantrasyonları N. californicus’un erginlerinin, %82 ile 100 oranında zehirli bulunmuştur. Tüm akarisitlerin en yüksek konsantrasyonları N. californicus’un hareketli ergin öncesi dönemlerinde yüksek ölüm oluşturmuş ve erginlerin yumurta bırakma miktarını çok azaltmıştır. Uluslararası Biyolojik Mücadele Organizasyonu’nun skalasına göre fenbutatin oxide, spirodiclofen ve kükürtün bazı düşük konsantrasyonları N. californicus’un hem ergin hem de ergin öncesi dönemleri için hafif zararlı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akarisit
• zeytin tomurcuk akarı
• phytoseiidler
• yan etki
• toksikoloji

Toxic effects of some acaricides on Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its predator Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

Olive bud mite, Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) is one of the key pests that regularly needs control with acaricides in olive orchards of Bursa Province, Turkey. For the chemical control of A. oleae, it is critical the use of acaricides does not reduce the survival and fecundity of its natural enemies. The toxic effects of three concentrations of seven acaricides were assessed against both A. oleae and its predator Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) using a residual method under controlled conditions at Bursa Uludağ University during 2020-2021. The highest recommended concentrations of acequinocyl, azadirachtin, fenbutatin oxide, milbemectin, pyridaben, spirodiclofen and sulfur killed A. oleae adults with rates varying from 80 to 100%. Two concentrations of milbemectin, pyridaben and sulfur showed high mortality rates. Nevertheless, highest recommended concentrations of acequinocyl, pyridaben, spirodiclofen and sulfur were found to be highly toxic to N. californicus adults with rates varied from 82 to 100%. The high mortalities for mobile immature stages and reducing in the fecundity of N. californicus occurred by highest recommended concentrations of all tested acaricides. Based on the scale recommended by the International Organization for Biological Control, some sublethal concentrations of fenbutatin oxide, spirodiclofen and sulfur were found to be slightly harmful to both mature and immature of N. californicus.

Keywords

• Acaricide
• olive bud mite
• phytoseiids
• side effect
• toxicology

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