Yabani bitkiler Euphorbia prostrata ve Chenopodiastrum murale’nin depolanmış tahıl zararlısı Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)’a karşı insektisidal aktivitesi

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 291 - 301, 27.09.2016

Muhammad Kashif Zahoor , Kishwar Sultana Muhammad Sagheer Shabab Nasır , Muhammad Asif Zahoor Farhat Jabeen Bushra Rıaz

Öz

Trogoderma granarium’un mücadelesinde, Euphorbia prostrata ve Chenopodium murale yabani bitkilerinin petrol eteri ekstraktlarının verimliliği araştırılmıştır. Ekstraktlar tüm bitki kullanılarak, petrol eteri içinde hazırlanmıştır. rogoderma granarium’un üçüncü dönem larvalarında, ölüm denemeleri için diyet karışımı ve kaçırıcı etki için alan tercihi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, %10, 20 ve 30 ekstrakt konsantrasyonlarında 6 gün sonra nispeten yüksek larva ölüm oranı göstermiştir. %30 konsantrasyona karşılık gelen ölüm oranları E. prostrata ve C murale için sırasıyla, %20 ve 25 olmuştur. Düşük larva ölümleri her iki bitkinin %10’luk ekstraktında elde edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde,%30 ekstraktıyla yapılan kaçırıcı etki denemelerinde filtre kağıdının uygulama yapılmış bölgesinden daha uzağa hareket eden larvaların maksimum oranı, E. prostrata ve C. murale için sırasıyla  %88 ve 87 olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki bitki ekstraktının kaçırıcı etkisinde uygulanma dozlarında pozitif bir ilişki varken maruz kalma süresi için olumsuz korelasyon bulunmuştur. F1 neslinde en düşük ortalama larva sayısı kontrol (149) ile karşılaştırıldığında E. prostrata ve C. murale için (sırasıyla 60 ve 53) %30 konsantrasyonda bulunmuştur. Tüm sonuçlar, C. murale ekstraktının T. granarium’a karşı E. prostrata ekstraktından daha yüksek bir insektisidal aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ölüm, döl azalma, kaçırıcı etki, Trogoderma granarium, yabani bitkiler

Insecticidal activity of weed plants, Euphorbia prostrata and Chenopodiastrum murale against stored grain insect pest Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Öz

The efficiency of petroleum ether extracts of weed plants, Euphorbia prostrata and Chenopodiastrum murale, for the control of Trogoderma granarium was investigated. The extracts were prepared in petroleum ether using the whole plants. Diet incorporation was used for mortality bioassay and area preference was used for repellency against third instar larvae of T. granarium. The results showed relatively high rate of larval mortality after 6 days with extract concentrations of 10, 20 and 30%. At 30% the corresponding mortality rates induced by E. prostrata and C. murale were 20 and 25%, respectively. Low larval mortalities were obtained for both plant extracts at 10%. Similarly, repellency assay at 30% extracts found the maximum proportion of larvae that moved away from the treated region of the filter paper to be 88 and 87% for E. prostrata and C. murale extracts, respectively. The repellency of both plant extracts had a positive relationship applied dosage but was negatively correlated with exposure time. The lowest mean number of larvae in F₁ generation was found with 30% E. prostrata and C. murale extracts (60 and 53, respectively) as compared to the control (149). Overall the results indicated that the C. murale extract had a higher insecticidal activity against T. granarium than the E. prostrata extract.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mortality, progeny reduction, repellency, Trogoderma granarium, weed plants

Kaynakça

• Abbott, W. S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness, of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
• Abdel-Aziz, M. S., M. S. Shaheen, A. A. El-Nekeety & M. A. Abdel-Wahhab, 2014. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Chenopodium murale leaf extract. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 18 (4): 356-363.
• Ahmad, B., Q. Jan, S. Bashir, M. Nisar, F. Shaheen & M. Ahmad, 2003a. Pharmacological and biological investigations of Chenopodium murale Linn. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2: 1107-1111.
• Ahmad, B., Q. Jan, S. Bashir, M. I. Choudhary & M. Nisar, 2003b. Phytochemical evaluation of Chenopodium murale Linn. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (15-16): 1072-1078.
• Alkan, M., A. Gökçe & K. Kara, 2015. Antifeedant activity and growth inhibition effects of some plant extracts against larvae of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Col: Chyrsomelidae)] under laboratory conditions. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 39 (4): 345-353. DOI: 10.16970/ted.35600.
• Al-Moajel, N. H., 2004. Testing some various botanical powders for protection of wheat grains against Trogoderma granarium Everts. Journal of Biological Sciences, 4 (5): 592-597.
• Alsarar, A. S., H. I. Hussein, Y. Abobakr, A. E. Bayoumi & M. T. Alotaibi, 2014. Fumigant toxicity and antiacetylcholinesterase activity of Saudi Mentha longifolia and Lavandula dentata Species against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).Turkish Journal of Entomology, 38 (1): 11-18.
• Anonymous, 2001. Bad bugs. Insects that can cause health problems. Pest Notes, 3 (8): 20‐21.
• Belmain, S. R., G. E. Neal, D. E. Ray & P. Golop, 2001. Insecticidal and vertebrate toxicity associated with ethnobotanicals used as postharvest protectants in Ghana. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 39: 287-291.
• Chen, L., R. Chen & K. Wai, 1992. Constituents of tannins from Euphorbia prostrata. Ait China Journal of Chineese Material Medica, 17 (4): 225-226.
• Daglish, G. & M. Bengston, 1991. Grain moisture and the activity of protectants. GASGA Newsletter 15: 18, In: Groupior Assistance on Systems relating to Grain After-harvest (GASGA), Montpelier, Chatham and Hamburg.
• Derbalah, A. S., 2012. Efficacy of some botanical extracts against Trogoderma granarium in wheat grains with toxicity evaluation. The Scientific World Journal, April 19, 2012: 639854, 1-9. DOI:10.1100/2012/639854.
• Dev, S. & O. Koul. 1997. Insecticides of natural origin. New York: Harwood Academic. 352pp.
• Girish, G. K., A. Kumar & S. K. Jain, 1975. Part - VI: assessment of the quality loss in wheat damaged by Trogoderma granarium Everts during storage. Bulletin of Grain Technology, 13(1): 26-32.
• Hasan, M., M. Sagheer, M. R. Q. Ali, C. M. Hanif & H. Anwar, 2014. Evaluation of some plant essential oils as repellent and toxicant against Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Global Innovation in Agricultural and Social Sciences, 2: 65-69.
• Heydarzade, A. & G. Moravvej, 2012. Contact toxicity and persistence of essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare, Teucrium polium and Satureja hortensis against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) adults (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 36 (4): 507-518.
• Hinton, H. E., 1945. A monograph of the beetles associated with stored products. British Museum of Natural History, 1: 387‐395.
• Hiremath, I. G., A. Youngjoon, K. Soonl, Y. J. Ahn & S. I. Kim, 1997. Insecticidal activity of Indian plant extracts against Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 32 (1): 159-166.
• Isikber, A. A., M. H. Alma, M. Kanat & A. Karci, 2006. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from Laurus nobilis and Rosmarinus officinalis against all life stages of Tribolium confusum. Phytoparasitica, 34: 167-177.
• Isman, M. B., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 45–66.
• Isman, M. B., A. J. Wan & C. M. Passreiter, 2001. Insecticidal activity of essential oils to the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera littura. Fitoterapia, 72: 65-68.
• Jood, S., A. C. Kapoor & R. Singh, 1992. Mineral contents of cereal grains as affected by storage and insect infestation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 28(3): 147-151.
• Lee, B. H., P. C. Annis, F. Tumaalii & W. S. Choi, 2004. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from the Myrtaceae family and 1,8-cineol against 3 major stored-grain insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 40: 553-564.
• Mason, L. J., 2002. Khapra Beetle. Stored Grain Management. Country Journal Publishing Co., Decatur, Illinois. Grainnet. 2002. (Web page: http://www.grainnet.com/articles/Khapra_Beetle-16160.html)
• McDonald, L., R. Guy & R. Speirs, 1970. Preliminary evaluation of new candidate materials as toxicants, repellents and attractants against stored product insects. Marketing Research Report, p. 882.
• Moreira, M. D., M. C. Picanço, L. C. D. A. Barbosa, R. N. C. Guedes, M. R. D. Campos, G. A. Silva & J. C. Martins, 2007. Plant compounds insecticide activity against Coleoptera pests of stored products. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 42 (7): 909-915.
• Morison, G. D., 1925. The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts). Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh, 21: 10-13.
• Naqvi, S. N. H. & F. Parveen, 1991. Toxicity and Residual Effect of Nerium indicum crude extract as compared with coopex against adults of Tribolium castaneum. Pakistan Journal of Entomology, 6: 35-44.
• Odeyemi, O. O. & M. O. Ashamo, 2005. Efficacy of neem plant (Azadirachta indica) extracts in the control of Trogoderma granarium, a pest of stored groundnuts. Journal of Plant Disease Protection, 112 (6): 586- 593.
• Pacual-Villalobos, M. J., 1998. Repelencia inhibición del crecimiento y toxicidad de extractos vegetales en larvas de Tribolium castaneum Herbst. (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). Boletín de sanidad vegetal, Plages, 24: 143-154.
• Pandir, D. & H. Baş, 2016. Compositional analysis and toxicity of four plant essential oils to different stages of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 40 (2): 185-195.
• Prakash, A. & J. Rao, 2006. Exploitation of newer botanicals as rice grain protectants against Angonmois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. Entomon, 31: 1–8.
• Pruthi, H. S. & M. Singh, 1950. Pests of stored grain and their control. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 18: 1-88.
• Qureshi, R., A. Waheed, M. Arshad & T. Umbreen, 2009. Medico-ethnobotanical inventory of Tehsil Chakwal, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41 (2): 529-538.
• Rahman, M. M., W. Islam & K. N. Ahmed, 2009. Functional response of the predator Xylocoris flavipes to three stored product insect pests. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11: 316–320.
• Sagheer, M., M. Hasan, A. Majid, Q. Ali, M. I. Shahid & K. Ali, 2013. Repellent effect of four medicinal plant extracts to Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). Journal of Global Innovation in Agricultural and Social Sciences, 1: 9-11.
• Salunki, B. K., K. Parkash, K. S. Vishwakarma & V. L. Maheshwari, 2009. Plant metabolites: an alternative and sustainable approach towards post harvest pest management in pulses. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 15 (3): 185–197.
• Schmelzer, G. H. & A. Gurib-Fakim, 2008. Plant resources of Tropical Africa (Program). Plant resources of tropical Africa: medicinal plants 1, Vol. 11, PROTA Foundation, Wageningen.
• Shamsuddin, T., 2001. Weed control technology of wheat. Industry and Economy, Feb. 19-25. (Web page: http://www.pakistaneconomist.com/issue2001/issue8/i&e5.htm).
• Singla, A. K. & K. Pathak, 1989. Anti-inflammatory studies on Euphorbia prostrata. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27: 55–61.
• Srinivasan, G., 2008. Efficacy of certain plant oils as seed Protectant against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. on pigeon pea. Pesticide Research Journal, 20: 13-15.
• Stibick, J., 2007. New Pest Response Guidelines: Khapra Beetle. USDA–APHIS–PPQ–Emergency and Domestic Programs, Riverdale, Maryland. (Web site: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/ online_manuals.shtml).
• Szito, A., 2006. Trogoderma granarium (insect). Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), IUCN Species Survival Commission, 2006. (Web page:: http://www.issg.org/).
• Tapondjou, L. A., C. Adler, H. Bouda & D. A. Fontem, 2002. Efficacy of powder and essential oil from Chenopodiastrum ambrosioides leaves as post-harvest grain protectants against six-stored product beetles. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38 (4): 395- 402.
• Taylor, R. W. D., 1994. Methyl bromide: Is there any future for this fumigant? Journal of Stored Product Research, 30: 253- 260.
• USDA–APHIS–PPQ, 1983. Khapra Beetle. Pests not known to occur in the United States or of limited dstribution. APHIS, 81-43 (30): 1‐11.
• Vázquez-Covarrubias, D. A., A. Jiménez-Pérez, F. Castrejón-Ayala, R. Figueroa-Brito & R. M. Belmont, 2015. Effects of five species of Chenopodiaceae on the development and reproductive potential of Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Florida Entomologist, 98 (1): 80-85.
• Verma, J. & N. K. Dubey, 1999. Prospectives of botanical and microbial products as pesticides of tomorrow. Current Science, 76: 172-179.
• Waiss, A. C. J., B. G. Chem, C. A. Elligen, D. L. Dryer, R. G. Binder & R. C. Guedner, 1981. Insect growth inhibitor in crop plants. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, 27: 217-221.
• Wheeler, D. A. & M. Isman, 2001. Antifeedant and toxic activity off Trichilia americana extract against the larvae of Spodoptera litura. Entomologia Experimentaliset Applicata, 98: 9-16. ISSN 0013-8703.
• White, N. D. G. & I. G. Leesch, 1995. “Chemical Control 287-330”. In: Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products; (Eds.: B. Sub-ramanyam & D. W. Hagstrum), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA.
• White, N. D. G., 1995. “Insects, Mites and Insecticides in Stored Grain Ecosystems, 123-168”. In: Stored Grain Ecosystem, (Eds.: D. S. Jayus, N. D. G. White & W. E. Vir), Marcel Dekkar, New York.
• Zettler, J. L. & G. W. Cuperus, 1990. Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1677-1681.
• Zohary, M., 1966. Flora Palaestina. Part One. Jerusalem, Israel: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 186pp.