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Bolu ili buğday alanlarında nematod biyoçeşitliliği

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 159 - 168, 08.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.292132

Öz















Tarım arazileri hem bitki paraziti nematodlar hem de serbest yaşayan
yararlı nematodları birlikte barındırmaktadır. Bitki paraziti nematodlar bitki
kalite parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz etkiler doğururken, serbest yaşayan
nematodlar ise yaşamsal faaliyetleri sonucu olumlu etkilere sahiptir.
Dolayısıyla, çalışma hem bitki paraziti nematodların çeşitlilik yapısı hem de
yararlı nematodların çeşitlilik yapısını incelemek üzere yürütülmüştür. Bu
amaçla, 2015 yılında Bolu ili buğday alanlarından toprak örnekleri toplanmıştır.
Bolu ili rakım farklılıkları göz önüne alınarak iki farklı alt-bölgeye
ayrılmıştır. Çalışma alanında, 13 bitki paraziti, 12 bakterivor, 4 fungivor, 4
predatör ve 10 omnivor gruba ait olmak üzere, toplam 43 nematod taksonu tespit
edilmiştir. Nematod trofik gruplarının oransal dağılımlarına göre,
bakterivorların baskın olduğu bir kommunite yapısına sahip olduğunu, bunu bitki
parazitleri, fungivorlar, omnivorlar izlemiş, predatörler ise oldukça düşük bir
orana sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Serbest yaşayan nematodlardan, özellikle temel
fauna bileşeni olan bakterivor ve iri cüsseli omnivore nematodların hem
çeşitlilik hem de yoğunluk bakımından iyi durumda olduğu görülmüştür. Genel kommunite
ve nematode maturity indisleri her iki alt-bölgeden alınan toprak örnekleri
için hesaplanmış, indis değerleri arasında ise istatistikî olarak bir
farklılığın görülmediği, dar bir aralıkta dağıldığı saptanmıştır. Çalışma
sonuçlarına göre, nematode biyoçeşitlilik yapısına dayanılarak elde edilen
bilgiler ışığında, Bolu ili buğday alanlarındaki toprak besin ağı orta ve iyi
dereceler arasında yer aldığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
    

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 2016. Data of Bolu Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock. [http://www.tarim.gov.tr/] (Accessed, 12.2016.
  • Bao, Y., & D.A. Neher, 2011. Survey of lesion and northern root-knot nematodes associated with vegetables in Vermont. Nematropica, 41(1): 100-108.
  • Bongers, T., 1990. The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia 83: 14–19.
  • Bongers, T.& M. Bongers, 1998. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 10(3): 239-251.
  • Bulluck, L.R., K.R. Barker & J.B. Ristaino, 2002. Influences of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendments on nematode trophic groups and community dynamics under tomatoes. Applied Soil Ecology, 21(3): 233-250.
  • Carmen, U. & E. Zaborski, 2014. Soil nematodes in organic farming systems. University of Illinois Extension Services. [http://articles.extension.org/pages/24726/soil-nematodes-in-organic-farming-systems]. (Accessed in: 12.2016).
  • De Deyn, G.B., C.E. Raaijmakers, J. Van Ruijven, F. Berendse & W.H. Van Der Putten, 2004. Plant species identity and diversity effects on different trophic levels of nematodes in the soil food web. Oikos, 106(3): 576-586.
  • Ettema, C.H. & T. Bongers, 1993. Characterization of nematode community colonization and succession in disturbed soil using the Maturity Index. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 16:79–85.
  • Ferris, H., 2016. Nemaplex. [http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Index.htm] (Accessed, 01.2017).
  • Ferris, H., T. Bongers & R.G.M. De Goede, 2001. A framework for soil food webs diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology, 18: 13–29.
  • Ferris, H, R.C. Venette & K.M. Scow, 2004. Soil management to enhance bacterivore and fungivore nematode populations and their nitrogen mineralisation function. Applied Soil Ecology, 25(1): 19-35.
  • Freckman, D.W. & C.H. Ettema, 1993. Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 45: 239–261.
  • Georgieva, S.S., S.P. McGrath, D.J. Hooper, B.S. Chambers, 2002. Nematode communities under stress: the long-term effects of heavy metals in soil treated with sewage sludge. Applied Soil Ecology, 20(1): 27-42.
  • Háněl, L. & A. Čerevková, 2010. Species and genera of soil nematodes in forest ecosystems of the Vihorlat Protected Landscape Area, Slovakia. Helminthologia, 47: 123–135.
  • Hodda, M., 2007. Phylum nematoda. Zootaxa, 1668: 265–293.
  • Hoschitz, M. & R. Kaufmann, 2004. Soil nematode communities of Alpine summits–site differentiation and microclimatic influences. Pedobiologia, 48(4): 313-320.
  • Imren, M., Ş. Yıldız, E.B. Kasapoğlu, H. Toktay, H. Kütük & A.A. Dababat, 2015. The Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cereal crops in Bolu, Turkey. Fifth international Cereal Cyst Nematodes Initiative Workshop, 12-15 September, Ankara, Turkey (Full Text). P: 131-140.
  • Laakso, J., H. Setälä & A. Palojärvi, 2000. Influence of decomposer food web structure and nitrogen availability on plant growth. Plant and Soil, 225:153–165.
  • Liang, W., Y. Lou, Q. Li, S. Zhong, X. Zhang & J. Wang, 2009. Nematode faunal response to long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure in Northeast China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(5): 883-890.
  • Mulder, C., A.J. Schouten, K. Hund-Rinke & A.M. Breure, 2005. The use of nematodes in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 62(2): 278-289.
  • Neher, D.A., 1999. Nematode Communities in Organically and Conventionally Managed Agricultural Soils. Journal of Nematology, 31(2):142–154. 1999.
  • Neher, D.A., 2001. Role of nematodes in soil health and their use as indicators. Journal of nematology, 33(4): 161-168.
  • Neher, D.A. & B.J. Darby, 2009. General community indices that can be used for analysis of nematode assemblages, 107-123. In: Nematodes as environmental indicators (Ed: M. Wilson, and T. Kakouli-Duarte) Wallingford, UK: CABI, pp: 338.
  • Porazinska, D.L., L.W. Duncan, R. McSorley & J.H. Graham, 1999. Nematode communities as indicators of status and processes of a soil ecosystem influenced by agricultural management practices. Applied Soil Ecology, 13(1): 69-86.
  • Ritz, K. & D.L. Trudgill, 1999. Utility of nematode community analysis as an integrated measure of the functional state of soils: perspectives and challenges. Plant and Soil 212: 1–11.
  • Sahin, E., J.M. Nicol, I.H. Elekçi̇oğlu, O. Yorgancılar, A.F. Yıldırım, A. Tülek, ... & G.Ergi̇nbaş-Orakcı, 2009. Frequency and diversity of cereal nematodes on the Central Anatolian Plateau of Turkey. In Cereal cyst nematodes: status, research and outlook. Proceedings of the First Workshop of the International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initiative, Antalya, Turkey, 21-23 October 2009. (pp. 100-105). International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT).
  • Schratzberger, M., K. Warr & S.I. Rogers, 2007. Functional diversity of nematode communities in the southwestern North Sea. Marine Environmental Research, 63(4): 368-389.
  • Shao, Y., W. Zhang, J. Shen, L. Zhou, H. Xia, W. Shu, ... & S. Fu, 2008. Nematodes as indicators of soil recovery in tailings of a lead/zinc mine. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(8): 2040-2046.
  • Tsiafouli, M.A., D.R. Bhusal & S.P. Sgardelis, 2017. Nematode community indices for microhabitat type and large scale landscape properties. Ecological Indicators, 73: 472-479.
  • Viketoft, M., B. Sohlenius, S. Boström, C. Palmborg, J. Bengtsson, M.P. Berg & K. Huss-Danell 2011. Temporal dynamics of soil nematode communities in a grassland plant diversity experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(5): 1063-1070.
  • Whitehead, A.G. & J.R. Hemming, 1965. A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 55: 25–38.
  • Yeates, G.W., T. Bongers, R.G.M. De Goede, D.W. Freckman & S.S. Georgieva, 1993. Feeding-habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of. Nematolology, 25: 315–331.
  • Yeates, G.W., 2003. Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37: 199–210.
  • Yildiz, S., 2012. Nematode biodiversity in a semi-arid pasture under different grazing regimes. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3): 414-417.
  • Yıldız, Ş. & İ.H. Elekçioğlu, 2012. Nematode biodiversity compared in two wheat growing regions of Sanliurfa. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture of Harran University, 16(4):45-52.
  • Zhang, M., X.K. Zhang & W.J. Liang, 2012. Soil nematode abundance and diversity in different forest types at Changbai Mountain China. Zoological Studies, 51: 619–626.

Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 159 - 168, 08.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.292132

Öz



















Agricultural fields usually contain both plant parasitic and
beneficial free-living nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes have a negative
impact on plant productivity and quality traits, whereas free-living nematodes
can have beneficial effects on the agricultural soils health. This study was
conducted to investigate the diversity of both plant parasitic nematodes and
beneficial free-living nematode. Soil samples were collected in 2015 from wheat
growing areas of Bolu Province to investigate soil nematode diversity. Bolu
Province was divided into two sub-areas according to elevational. Forty-three
nematode taxa were found in the samples; 13 taxa plant parasites, 12
bacterivores, 4 fungivores, 10 omnivores and 4 predators. Relative distribution
of nematode trophic groups indicated a bacterivore dominated community,
followed by plant parasites, fungivores and omnivores; predators represented
only a small proportion. Free-living nematodes, especially bacterivores of
basal fauna members and large bodied omnivore members were in good condition in
abundance and diversity. General community and maturity indices were calculated
for each sample and for the two sub-areas. They produced narrow range values
with no significant differences. The study revealed that soil food web in wheat
growing areas of the province was in fair to good condition based on nematode
diversity.

Kaynakça

  • Anonymous, 2016. Data of Bolu Directorate of Provincial Food Agriculture and Livestock. [http://www.tarim.gov.tr/] (Accessed, 12.2016.
  • Bao, Y., & D.A. Neher, 2011. Survey of lesion and northern root-knot nematodes associated with vegetables in Vermont. Nematropica, 41(1): 100-108.
  • Bongers, T., 1990. The maturity index: an ecological measure of environmental disturbance based on nematode species composition. Oecologia 83: 14–19.
  • Bongers, T.& M. Bongers, 1998. Functional diversity of nematodes. Applied Soil Ecology, 10(3): 239-251.
  • Bulluck, L.R., K.R. Barker & J.B. Ristaino, 2002. Influences of organic and synthetic soil fertility amendments on nematode trophic groups and community dynamics under tomatoes. Applied Soil Ecology, 21(3): 233-250.
  • Carmen, U. & E. Zaborski, 2014. Soil nematodes in organic farming systems. University of Illinois Extension Services. [http://articles.extension.org/pages/24726/soil-nematodes-in-organic-farming-systems]. (Accessed in: 12.2016).
  • De Deyn, G.B., C.E. Raaijmakers, J. Van Ruijven, F. Berendse & W.H. Van Der Putten, 2004. Plant species identity and diversity effects on different trophic levels of nematodes in the soil food web. Oikos, 106(3): 576-586.
  • Ettema, C.H. & T. Bongers, 1993. Characterization of nematode community colonization and succession in disturbed soil using the Maturity Index. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 16:79–85.
  • Ferris, H., 2016. Nemaplex. [http://plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu/nemaplex/Index.htm] (Accessed, 01.2017).
  • Ferris, H., T. Bongers & R.G.M. De Goede, 2001. A framework for soil food webs diagnostics: extension of the nematode faunal analysis concept. Applied Soil Ecology, 18: 13–29.
  • Ferris, H, R.C. Venette & K.M. Scow, 2004. Soil management to enhance bacterivore and fungivore nematode populations and their nitrogen mineralisation function. Applied Soil Ecology, 25(1): 19-35.
  • Freckman, D.W. & C.H. Ettema, 1993. Assessing nematode communities in agroecosystems of varying human intervention. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 45: 239–261.
  • Georgieva, S.S., S.P. McGrath, D.J. Hooper, B.S. Chambers, 2002. Nematode communities under stress: the long-term effects of heavy metals in soil treated with sewage sludge. Applied Soil Ecology, 20(1): 27-42.
  • Háněl, L. & A. Čerevková, 2010. Species and genera of soil nematodes in forest ecosystems of the Vihorlat Protected Landscape Area, Slovakia. Helminthologia, 47: 123–135.
  • Hodda, M., 2007. Phylum nematoda. Zootaxa, 1668: 265–293.
  • Hoschitz, M. & R. Kaufmann, 2004. Soil nematode communities of Alpine summits–site differentiation and microclimatic influences. Pedobiologia, 48(4): 313-320.
  • Imren, M., Ş. Yıldız, E.B. Kasapoğlu, H. Toktay, H. Kütük & A.A. Dababat, 2015. The Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cereal crops in Bolu, Turkey. Fifth international Cereal Cyst Nematodes Initiative Workshop, 12-15 September, Ankara, Turkey (Full Text). P: 131-140.
  • Laakso, J., H. Setälä & A. Palojärvi, 2000. Influence of decomposer food web structure and nitrogen availability on plant growth. Plant and Soil, 225:153–165.
  • Liang, W., Y. Lou, Q. Li, S. Zhong, X. Zhang & J. Wang, 2009. Nematode faunal response to long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure in Northeast China. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41(5): 883-890.
  • Mulder, C., A.J. Schouten, K. Hund-Rinke & A.M. Breure, 2005. The use of nematodes in ecological soil classification and assessment concepts. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 62(2): 278-289.
  • Neher, D.A., 1999. Nematode Communities in Organically and Conventionally Managed Agricultural Soils. Journal of Nematology, 31(2):142–154. 1999.
  • Neher, D.A., 2001. Role of nematodes in soil health and their use as indicators. Journal of nematology, 33(4): 161-168.
  • Neher, D.A. & B.J. Darby, 2009. General community indices that can be used for analysis of nematode assemblages, 107-123. In: Nematodes as environmental indicators (Ed: M. Wilson, and T. Kakouli-Duarte) Wallingford, UK: CABI, pp: 338.
  • Porazinska, D.L., L.W. Duncan, R. McSorley & J.H. Graham, 1999. Nematode communities as indicators of status and processes of a soil ecosystem influenced by agricultural management practices. Applied Soil Ecology, 13(1): 69-86.
  • Ritz, K. & D.L. Trudgill, 1999. Utility of nematode community analysis as an integrated measure of the functional state of soils: perspectives and challenges. Plant and Soil 212: 1–11.
  • Sahin, E., J.M. Nicol, I.H. Elekçi̇oğlu, O. Yorgancılar, A.F. Yıldırım, A. Tülek, ... & G.Ergi̇nbaş-Orakcı, 2009. Frequency and diversity of cereal nematodes on the Central Anatolian Plateau of Turkey. In Cereal cyst nematodes: status, research and outlook. Proceedings of the First Workshop of the International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initiative, Antalya, Turkey, 21-23 October 2009. (pp. 100-105). International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT).
  • Schratzberger, M., K. Warr & S.I. Rogers, 2007. Functional diversity of nematode communities in the southwestern North Sea. Marine Environmental Research, 63(4): 368-389.
  • Shao, Y., W. Zhang, J. Shen, L. Zhou, H. Xia, W. Shu, ... & S. Fu, 2008. Nematodes as indicators of soil recovery in tailings of a lead/zinc mine. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(8): 2040-2046.
  • Tsiafouli, M.A., D.R. Bhusal & S.P. Sgardelis, 2017. Nematode community indices for microhabitat type and large scale landscape properties. Ecological Indicators, 73: 472-479.
  • Viketoft, M., B. Sohlenius, S. Boström, C. Palmborg, J. Bengtsson, M.P. Berg & K. Huss-Danell 2011. Temporal dynamics of soil nematode communities in a grassland plant diversity experiment. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43(5): 1063-1070.
  • Whitehead, A.G. & J.R. Hemming, 1965. A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 55: 25–38.
  • Yeates, G.W., T. Bongers, R.G.M. De Goede, D.W. Freckman & S.S. Georgieva, 1993. Feeding-habits in soil nematode families and genera-an outline for soil ecologists. Journal of. Nematolology, 25: 315–331.
  • Yeates, G.W., 2003. Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 37: 199–210.
  • Yildiz, S., 2012. Nematode biodiversity in a semi-arid pasture under different grazing regimes. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(3): 414-417.
  • Yıldız, Ş. & İ.H. Elekçioğlu, 2012. Nematode biodiversity compared in two wheat growing regions of Sanliurfa. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture of Harran University, 16(4):45-52.
  • Zhang, M., X.K. Zhang & W.J. Liang, 2012. Soil nematode abundance and diversity in different forest types at Changbai Mountain China. Zoological Studies, 51: 619–626.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şenol Yıldız

Mustafa İmren

Nagihan Duman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Şubat 2017
Kabul Tarihi 14 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, Ş., İmren, M., & Duman, N. (2017). Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 41(2), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.292132
AMA Yıldız Ş, İmren M, Duman N. Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey. TED. Haziran 2017;41(2):159-168. doi:10.16970/entoted.292132
Chicago Yıldız, Şenol, Mustafa İmren, ve Nagihan Duman. “Nematode Biodiversity in Cereal Growing Areas of Bolu, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41, sy. 2 (Haziran 2017): 159-68. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.292132.
EndNote Yıldız Ş, İmren M, Duman N (01 Haziran 2017) Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41 2 159–168.
IEEE Ş. Yıldız, M. İmren, ve N. Duman, “Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey”, TED, c. 41, sy. 2, ss. 159–168, 2017, doi: 10.16970/entoted.292132.
ISNAD Yıldız, Şenol vd. “Nematode Biodiversity in Cereal Growing Areas of Bolu, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41/2 (Haziran 2017), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.292132.
JAMA Yıldız Ş, İmren M, Duman N. Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey. TED. 2017;41:159–168.
MLA Yıldız, Şenol vd. “Nematode Biodiversity in Cereal Growing Areas of Bolu, Turkey”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 41, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 159-68, doi:10.16970/entoted.292132.
Vancouver Yıldız Ş, İmren M, Duman N. Nematode biodiversity in cereal growing areas of Bolu, Turkey. TED. 2017;41(2):159-68.

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