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Bitkisel ve sentetik insektisitlerin Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) üzerine etkileri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3, 275 - 284, 29.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.308941

Öz




















Lahana
beyaz kelebeği,
Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae),
lahanada dikkate değer nicel veya nitel ürün kayıplarına neden olan en önemli
zararlılardan biridir. Bu çalışmada Sargodha Üniversitesi (Pakistan)’nde, farklı
yeni kimyasal insektisitlerin (thiamethoxam 25% SP, acetamiprid 20% SP ve
pyriproxyfen 10.8% EC) ve
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. yaprakları, greyfurt
(
Citrus × paradisi Macfad.) kabuğu, nane (Mentha spicata
L.) yaprakları ve neem (
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) yapraklarından
elde edilen dört bitki ekstraktının,
P. brassicae’nin beslenme davranışlarına, larva
gelişimine ve öldürücü etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada
P. brassicae’nin gelişme parametrelerinde en
önemli etkiyi %7’lik neem ekstaktı göstermiştir. Göreceli büyüme oranı %7’lik
neem ekstraktı uygulandığında en düşük (3.05±0.27 mg/mg/d) olurken, kontrol
uygulamasından sonra %5 oranında greyfurt ekstraktı uygulandığında daha yüksek
(8.59±1.38 mg/mg/d) olmuştur. Kontrol uygulamasına kıyasla,
P. brassicae’nin göreceli yem tüketimi
oranı ve yutulan yiyeceklerin dönüşüm verimliliği %7’lik neem ekstraktı uygulandıktan
sonra sırasıyla %66 ve %58’e düşmüştür. Neem ekstraktının %7’lik uygulaması, %65’e
kadar larva ölümüne sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca, neem ekstraktı (%7) ile
pyriproxyfen kombinasyonu, larvalar üzerinde önemli strese neden olmuştur. Bu
nedenle, tek başına veya insektisitlerle kombinasyon halinde %7 oranında neem
ekstraktı, sebze üretiminde
P. brassicae’nin
kontrolünde daha güvenli bir gıda için kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
  • Ali, A. & P.Q. Rizvi, 2007. Developmental response of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on different crops under laboratory and field condition. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(8): 1241-1245
  • Arivoli, S. & T. Samuel, 2012. Antifeedant activity of plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 12(6):764-768.
  • Badshah, H., F. Ullah, A. Farid, AR. Saljoqi & S. Ahmad, 2015. Evaluation of selected host plants for basic life cycle parameters of cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) under laboratory conditions. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 31(2): 81-86.
  • Charleston, D.S., R. Kfir, L.E.M. Vet, & M. Dicke, 2005. Behavior response of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to extract derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95(5): 457-465.
  • Dayan, F.E., C. L. Cantrell & S.O. Duke, 2009. Natural products in crop protection. Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry, 17: 4022–4034.
  • Dhaliwal, G.S., R.S. Gill & V.K. Dilawari, 1997. Management of insect pest complex of cabbage with neem based insecticides. Ecological agriculture and sustainable development: Volume 2. Proceedings of International Conference on Ecological Agriculture: towards Sustainable Development, Chandigarh, India, 306-314.
  • Grisakova, M., L., Metspalu, K. Jogar, k. Hiiesaar, A. Kuusik & P. Poldma, 2006. Effect of biopesticide neem EC on the Large White butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Agronomy Research, 4: 181-186.
  • Hasan, F., & M.S. Ansari, 2010. Effect of different crops on the biological parameters of Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 13(3):195-202.
  • Huang, Y., S.L. Lam, S.H. Ho, 2000. Bioactivities of essential oil Elletaria cardamomum to Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Stored Products Research, 36: 107–117.
  • Hummelbrunner, L.A. & M.B. Isman, 2002. Acute, sublethal, antifeedant and synergestic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49:715-720.
  • Hwang, S.Y., C.H. Liu & T.C. Shen, 2008. Effects of plant nutrient availability and host plant species on the performance of two Pieris butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36:505-513.
  • Isman, M.B., 2002. Insect antifeedants. Pesticide Outlook, 13:152-157.
  • Isman, M.B., 2006. Botanical Insecticides, Deterrents, and Repellents in Modern Agriculture and an Increasingly Regulated World. Annual Review of Entomology, 51:45-66.
  • Khan, S.M. & M.N. Siddiqui, 1994. Potential of some indigenous plants (neem, bakain, kaner, ak, dodhak, garlic) as pesticides against the larvae of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.), Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 10(3): 291-297.
  • Khosravi, R., J. Sendi, & M. Ghadamyari, 2010. Effect of Artemisia annua L. on deterrence and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pylolais Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 50: 423–428.
  • Koul, O., 2005. Insect Antifeedants. CRC Press, Bota Racon.
  • Lakshmanan, S., K. Krishnappa & K. Elumalai, 2002. Certain plant essential oils against antifeedant activity of Spodoptera litura (Fab.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and Achaea janata (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). International Journal of Current Life Sciences, 2(1):5-11.
  • Mikolajczak K.L., & D. K. Reed, 1987. Extractives of seeds of the meliaceae: Effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Acalymma vittatum (F.), and Artemia salina Leach. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13(1): 99–111
  • Mohan, M., Z. Haider, H. Andola & V.K. Purohit, 2011. Essential oils as green pesticides: for sustainable agriculture. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biology and Chemical Sciences, 2: 100–106.
  • Pavela, R., 2007. Possibilities of botanical insecticide exploitation in plant protection. Pest Technology, 1: 47–52.
  • Pavela, R., N. Vrchotova & B. Sera, 2008. Growth inhibitory effect of extracts from Reynoutria sp. plants against Spodoptera littoralis larva. Agrociencia, 42: 573–584.
  • Pavela R., Sajfrtova M., Sovova H., Karban J., Barnet M. 2009. The effect of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and traditional extraction techniques on larvae Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21: 367–373.
  • Pavela, R., 2011. Insecticidal and repellent activity of selected essential oils against of the pollen beetle, Meligathes aeneus (Fabricius) adults. Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 888–892.
  • Przybyszewski, J., 1993. The use of neem seed and leaf extracts to control lepidopteran pests of cabbage in Kaedi, Mauritania, West Africa, Tropical Science, 33(3): 217-225.
  • Rangad, R.W., D. Lytan, Waluniba, D.M. Firake, 2014. Bio-efficacy of Eco-friendly Insecticides against Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) on Cabbage in the Mid Altitudes Hills of Meghalaya, North East India. Molecular Entomology, 5(8): 1-3.
  • Sadek, M.M., 2002. Antifeedant and toxic activity of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 127: 396-404.
  • Salim, H.A. & M. S. Abed, 2015. Effect of Botanical Extracts, Biological and Chemical Control against Spilosoma Oblique on Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 3: 43–46.
  • Shaaya, E., M. Kostjukuvsky, J. Eilberg & C. Sukprakarn, 1997. Plant oils as fumigants and contact insecticides for the control of stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 7–15.
  • Sharma, A., & R. Gupta, 2009. Biological Activity of Some Plant Extracts against Pieris Brassicae (L.). Journal of Biopesticides. 2(1): 26–31.
  • Siraj, Q., 1999. Chemical Control and Estimation of Loses Caused by Pieris brassicae on Cauliflower (Seed Crop) in Swat. M.Sc. Thesis, NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar, Pakistan, P. 40.
  • Taghizadeh, S.A., & F. Behzadi, 2010. Investigation of feeding inhibition of essential oils from Thymus persicus and Prangos acaulis on feeding behavior of Tribolium castaneum. Proceeding 1st National Conference on Susceptible Agriculture and Healthy Product. Isfahán, Iran,
  • Thomas, M.B., 1999. Ecological approaches and development of truly integrated pest management, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96: 594-595.
  • Ullah, M.I., M. Arshad, M. Afzal, S. Khalid, M. Saleem, I. Mustafa, Y. Iftikhar, J. Molina-Ochoa & J. E. Foster. 2016. Incidence of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Feeding Potential on Various Citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) Cultivars in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan. Florida Entomologist, 99 (2): 192-195
  • Ullah, M.I., M. Arshad, S. Ali, Y. Iftikhar, S.U. Mahmood & M. Arshad. 2016a. Effect of Thiamethoxam and some botanical extracts on Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): an endoparasitoid of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Egyptian journal of biological pest control, 26(3), 545-549.
  • Ullah, M.I., M. Arshad, S. Ali, Y. Iftikhar, J. Molina-Ochoa & J.E. Foster. 2016b. Host utilization of the endoparasitoid, Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in different instars of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Egyptian journal of biological pest control, 26(3), 625-629.
  • Ulrichs, C.H., I. Mews, S. Adhikary, A. Bhattacharyya & A. Goswami. 2002. Antifeedant activity and toxicity of leaf extracts from Portesia coarctata Takeoka and their effects on the physiology of Spodoptera litura (F.). Journal of Pest Science, 18:79-84.
  • Warthen, J.D., 2002. Organisms affected and reference list up date. Proceedings of Entomological Society, Washington. 91:367-281.
  • Younas, M., M. Naeem, A. Raqi & S., Masud, 2004. Population dynamics of cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae) and cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) on five cultivars of cauliflower at Peshawar. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(3):391-393.
  • Zahid, S.M.A., M.R. Arshad, G. Murtaza, S. Ali, M. Aaqib, R.W. Yousaf, & S. Hussain, 2016. Synergetic effect of plant extracts with synthetic insecticides against citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). Journal of Agricultural and Social Studies, 1(1): 1-7.
  • Zapata, N., F. Budia, E. Vinuela & P. Medina, 2009. Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of extracts and drimanes of Drimys winteri stem bark against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Industrial Crop Production, 30: 119–125.

Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3, 275 - 284, 29.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.308941

Öz

Cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae
(L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is one of the severe insect pests of
cabbage crop which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses.
The effect of different new chemistry insecticides (thiamethoxam 25% SP,
acetamiprid 20% SP and pyriproxyfen 10.8% EC) and four botanical extracts,
Aloe
vera (L.) Burm. f. leaves, grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi
Macfad.) bark, spearmint (
Mentha spicata L.) leaves and neem (Azadirachta
indica A. Juss.) leaves, on the feeding behavior, larval growth and
mortality of
P. brassicae was studied at University of Sargodha
(Pakistan). The study showed that neem extracts at 7% had a significant effect
on growth parameters of
P. brassicae. The relative growth rate was the
lowest (3.05±0.27 mg/mg/d) when neem extract was applied at 7% and higher
(8.59±1.38 mg/mg/d) when grapefruit extract was applied at 5% after the control
treatment. In comparison to control treatment, relative feed consumption rate
of
P. brassicae and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food
decreased to 66 and 58%, respectively, after the application of neem extract at
7%. Neem extracts at 7% caused up to 65% larval mortality. The neem extract
(7%) in combination with pyriproxyfen also caused the significant stress on the
larvae. So, neem extracts at 7% alone or in combination with insecticides can
be used for control of
P. brassicae in vegetable crops for a safer food
supply.

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
  • Ali, A. & P.Q. Rizvi, 2007. Developmental response of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on different crops under laboratory and field condition. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(8): 1241-1245
  • Arivoli, S. & T. Samuel, 2012. Antifeedant activity of plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 12(6):764-768.
  • Badshah, H., F. Ullah, A. Farid, AR. Saljoqi & S. Ahmad, 2015. Evaluation of selected host plants for basic life cycle parameters of cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) under laboratory conditions. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 31(2): 81-86.
  • Charleston, D.S., R. Kfir, L.E.M. Vet, & M. Dicke, 2005. Behavior response of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to extract derived from Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 95(5): 457-465.
  • Dayan, F.E., C. L. Cantrell & S.O. Duke, 2009. Natural products in crop protection. Bioorganic and Medical Chemistry, 17: 4022–4034.
  • Dhaliwal, G.S., R.S. Gill & V.K. Dilawari, 1997. Management of insect pest complex of cabbage with neem based insecticides. Ecological agriculture and sustainable development: Volume 2. Proceedings of International Conference on Ecological Agriculture: towards Sustainable Development, Chandigarh, India, 306-314.
  • Grisakova, M., L., Metspalu, K. Jogar, k. Hiiesaar, A. Kuusik & P. Poldma, 2006. Effect of biopesticide neem EC on the Large White butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), Agronomy Research, 4: 181-186.
  • Hasan, F., & M.S. Ansari, 2010. Effect of different crops on the biological parameters of Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 13(3):195-202.
  • Huang, Y., S.L. Lam, S.H. Ho, 2000. Bioactivities of essential oil Elletaria cardamomum to Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum. Journal of Stored Products Research, 36: 107–117.
  • Hummelbrunner, L.A. & M.B. Isman, 2002. Acute, sublethal, antifeedant and synergestic effects of monoterpenoid essential oil compounds on the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctudiae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49:715-720.
  • Hwang, S.Y., C.H. Liu & T.C. Shen, 2008. Effects of plant nutrient availability and host plant species on the performance of two Pieris butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36:505-513.
  • Isman, M.B., 2002. Insect antifeedants. Pesticide Outlook, 13:152-157.
  • Isman, M.B., 2006. Botanical Insecticides, Deterrents, and Repellents in Modern Agriculture and an Increasingly Regulated World. Annual Review of Entomology, 51:45-66.
  • Khan, S.M. & M.N. Siddiqui, 1994. Potential of some indigenous plants (neem, bakain, kaner, ak, dodhak, garlic) as pesticides against the larvae of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.), Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 10(3): 291-297.
  • Khosravi, R., J. Sendi, & M. Ghadamyari, 2010. Effect of Artemisia annua L. on deterrence and nutritional efficiency of lesser mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pylolais Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 50: 423–428.
  • Koul, O., 2005. Insect Antifeedants. CRC Press, Bota Racon.
  • Lakshmanan, S., K. Krishnappa & K. Elumalai, 2002. Certain plant essential oils against antifeedant activity of Spodoptera litura (Fab.), Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and Achaea janata (Linn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). International Journal of Current Life Sciences, 2(1):5-11.
  • Mikolajczak K.L., & D. K. Reed, 1987. Extractives of seeds of the meliaceae: Effects on Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Acalymma vittatum (F.), and Artemia salina Leach. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13(1): 99–111
  • Mohan, M., Z. Haider, H. Andola & V.K. Purohit, 2011. Essential oils as green pesticides: for sustainable agriculture. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biology and Chemical Sciences, 2: 100–106.
  • Pavela, R., 2007. Possibilities of botanical insecticide exploitation in plant protection. Pest Technology, 1: 47–52.
  • Pavela, R., N. Vrchotova & B. Sera, 2008. Growth inhibitory effect of extracts from Reynoutria sp. plants against Spodoptera littoralis larva. Agrociencia, 42: 573–584.
  • Pavela R., Sajfrtova M., Sovova H., Karban J., Barnet M. 2009. The effect of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and traditional extraction techniques on larvae Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21: 367–373.
  • Pavela, R., 2011. Insecticidal and repellent activity of selected essential oils against of the pollen beetle, Meligathes aeneus (Fabricius) adults. Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 888–892.
  • Przybyszewski, J., 1993. The use of neem seed and leaf extracts to control lepidopteran pests of cabbage in Kaedi, Mauritania, West Africa, Tropical Science, 33(3): 217-225.
  • Rangad, R.W., D. Lytan, Waluniba, D.M. Firake, 2014. Bio-efficacy of Eco-friendly Insecticides against Cabbage Butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.) on Cabbage in the Mid Altitudes Hills of Meghalaya, North East India. Molecular Entomology, 5(8): 1-3.
  • Sadek, M.M., 2002. Antifeedant and toxic activity of Adhatoda vasica leaf extract against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 127: 396-404.
  • Salim, H.A. & M. S. Abed, 2015. Effect of Botanical Extracts, Biological and Chemical Control against Spilosoma Oblique on Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 3: 43–46.
  • Shaaya, E., M. Kostjukuvsky, J. Eilberg & C. Sukprakarn, 1997. Plant oils as fumigants and contact insecticides for the control of stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 7–15.
  • Sharma, A., & R. Gupta, 2009. Biological Activity of Some Plant Extracts against Pieris Brassicae (L.). Journal of Biopesticides. 2(1): 26–31.
  • Siraj, Q., 1999. Chemical Control and Estimation of Loses Caused by Pieris brassicae on Cauliflower (Seed Crop) in Swat. M.Sc. Thesis, NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar, Pakistan, P. 40.
  • Taghizadeh, S.A., & F. Behzadi, 2010. Investigation of feeding inhibition of essential oils from Thymus persicus and Prangos acaulis on feeding behavior of Tribolium castaneum. Proceeding 1st National Conference on Susceptible Agriculture and Healthy Product. Isfahán, Iran,
  • Thomas, M.B., 1999. Ecological approaches and development of truly integrated pest management, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96: 594-595.
  • Ullah, M.I., M. Arshad, M. Afzal, S. Khalid, M. Saleem, I. Mustafa, Y. Iftikhar, J. Molina-Ochoa & J. E. Foster. 2016. Incidence of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Its Feeding Potential on Various Citrus (Sapindales: Rutaceae) Cultivars in the Sargodha Region of Pakistan. Florida Entomologist, 99 (2): 192-195
  • Ullah, M.I., M. Arshad, S. Ali, Y. Iftikhar, S.U. Mahmood & M. Arshad. 2016a. Effect of Thiamethoxam and some botanical extracts on Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): an endoparasitoid of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Egyptian journal of biological pest control, 26(3), 545-549.
  • Ullah, M.I., M. Arshad, S. Ali, Y. Iftikhar, J. Molina-Ochoa & J.E. Foster. 2016b. Host utilization of the endoparasitoid, Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in different instars of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Egyptian journal of biological pest control, 26(3), 625-629.
  • Ulrichs, C.H., I. Mews, S. Adhikary, A. Bhattacharyya & A. Goswami. 2002. Antifeedant activity and toxicity of leaf extracts from Portesia coarctata Takeoka and their effects on the physiology of Spodoptera litura (F.). Journal of Pest Science, 18:79-84.
  • Warthen, J.D., 2002. Organisms affected and reference list up date. Proceedings of Entomological Society, Washington. 91:367-281.
  • Younas, M., M. Naeem, A. Raqi & S., Masud, 2004. Population dynamics of cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae) and cabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) on five cultivars of cauliflower at Peshawar. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(3):391-393.
  • Zahid, S.M.A., M.R. Arshad, G. Murtaza, S. Ali, M. Aaqib, R.W. Yousaf, & S. Hussain, 2016. Synergetic effect of plant extracts with synthetic insecticides against citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). Journal of Agricultural and Social Studies, 1(1): 1-7.
  • Zapata, N., F. Budia, E. Vinuela & P. Medina, 2009. Antifeedant and growth inhibitory effects of extracts and drimanes of Drimys winteri stem bark against Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Industrial Crop Production, 30: 119–125.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sajjad Ali

Muhammad Irfan Ullah

Muhammad Arshad Bu kişi benim

Yasir Iftikhar Bu kişi benim

Muhammad Saqıb Bu kişi benim

Muhammad Afzal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Nisan 2017
Kabul Tarihi 2 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ali, S., Irfan Ullah, M., Arshad, M., Iftikhar, Y., vd. (2017). Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 41(3), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.308941
AMA Ali S, Irfan Ullah M, Arshad M, Iftikhar Y, Saqıb M, Afzal M. Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). TED. Ağustos 2017;41(3):275-284. doi:10.16970/entoted.308941
Chicago Ali, Sajjad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Arshad, Yasir Iftikhar, Muhammad Saqıb, ve Muhammad Afzal. “Effect of Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides on Pieris Brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41, sy. 3 (Ağustos 2017): 275-84. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.308941.
EndNote Ali S, Irfan Ullah M, Arshad M, Iftikhar Y, Saqıb M, Afzal M (01 Ağustos 2017) Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 41 3 275–284.
IEEE S. Ali, M. Irfan Ullah, M. Arshad, Y. Iftikhar, M. Saqıb, ve M. Afzal, “Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)”, TED, c. 41, sy. 3, ss. 275–284, 2017, doi: 10.16970/entoted.308941.
ISNAD Ali, Sajjad vd. “Effect of Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides on Pieris Brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 41/3 (Ağustos 2017), 275-284. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.308941.
JAMA Ali S, Irfan Ullah M, Arshad M, Iftikhar Y, Saqıb M, Afzal M. Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). TED. 2017;41:275–284.
MLA Ali, Sajjad vd. “Effect of Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides on Pieris Brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 41, sy. 3, 2017, ss. 275-84, doi:10.16970/entoted.308941.
Vancouver Ali S, Irfan Ullah M, Arshad M, Iftikhar Y, Saqıb M, Afzal M. Effect of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). TED. 2017;41(3):275-84.

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