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Yerel diatomit topraklarının depolanmış tahıl zararlılarına karşı insektisidal etkinliği üzerine sıcaklığın etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4, 441 - 450, 01.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.581656

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2017 yılında Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi’nin Entomoloji Laboratuvarı’nda Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinden elde edilen yerel diatom toprağının depolanmış tahıl zararlısı, Pirinç biti, Sitophilus oryzae (L, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Kırma un biti, Tribolium confusum Du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ve Ekin kambur biti Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)’ne karşı insektisidal etkinliği üzerine sıcaklığın etkisini belirlemek için yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla buğday üzerinde üç farklı sıcaklıklarda (20, 25 ve 30±1ºC) ve %55 nispi nem ortamında buğday üzerinde yerel diatom toprağının 0, 100, 300, 500, 900 ile 1500 ppm (mg/kg) konsantrasyonlarında biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Mevcut çalışma sıcaklığın test edilen yerel diatom toprağın depolanmış tahıl zararlılarının karşı etkinliği üzerine önemli etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada sıcaklığın yerel diatom toprağının etkinliğine etkisi test edilen böcek türüne ve diatom konsantrasyonuna göre değişiklik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Yerel diatom toprağı uygulamalarında sıcaklık artışıyla S. oryzae ve T. confusum erginlerinin ölüm oranlarında artış saptanırken 30ºC’deki ölüm oranlarının 20ºC ve 25ºC’deki ölüm oranlarından önemli derecede daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak, yerel diatom toprağı uygulanan R. dominica erginlerinde ise 20ºC sıcaklıkta elde edilen R. dominica erginlerinin ölüm oranlarının 25ºC ve 30ºC sıcaklıktan elde edilen ölüm oranlarından daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, 500 ppm ila 900 ppm arasında değişen düşük konsantrasyonlarda T. confusum ve S. oryzae erginlerinde %100 ölüm oranının elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada yürütülen biyolojik test sonuçlarına göre, yerel diatom toprak formülasyonun (ACN-1), buğday üzerinde depolanmış tahıl böceklerinin kontrolünde kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aldryhim, Y. N., 1990. Efficacy of the amorphous silica dust, Dryacide, against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 26: 207-210.
  • Akçalı S., A. A. Işıkber, Ö. Sağlam, H. Tunaz & M. K. Er, 2018. “Laboratory evaluation of Turkish diatomaceous earths as potential stored grain protectants, 739-743”. Proceedings of Twelfth International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) (7-11 October 2018, Berlin, Germany), 1130 pp.
  • Fields, P. & Z. Korunic, 2000. The effect of grain moisture content and temperature on the efficacy of diatomaceous earths from different geographical locations against stored-product beetles. Journal of Stored Products Research, 36: 1-13.
  • Greenspan, L., 1977. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards- A. Physics and Chemistry, 81A (1): 89-96.
  • Hill, D. D., 2002. Pests of Stored Foodstuffs and Their Control. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Netherlands, 478 pp.
  • Korunic, Z., 1997. Rapid assessment of the insecticidal value of diatomaceous earths without conducting bioassays. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 219-229.
  • Korunic, Z., 1998. Diatomaceous earths, a group of natural insecticides. Journal of Stored Products Research, 34: 87-97.
  • Arthur, F. H., 1996. Grain protectants: current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32: 293-302.
  • Rees, D., 2004. Insects of Stored Products. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood VIC, Australia. 181 pp.
  • Arthur, F. H., 2000. Toxicity of diatomaceous earth to red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): effects of temperature and relative humidity. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93 (2): 526-532.
  • Arthur, F. H., 2001. Immediate and delayed mortality of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) exposed on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: effects of temperature, relative humidity, and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research 37: 13-21.
  • Arthur, F. H., 2002. Survival of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: impact of biological and environmental parameters on product efficacy. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38 (3): 305-313.
  • Arthur, F. H. & J. E. Throne, 2003. Efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control internal infestation of rice weevil and maize weevil (Coloeoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96: 510-518.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos & N. S. Andris, 2004. Insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on oat, rye and triticale. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 2160-2167.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos & F. A. Lazzari, 2014. Insecticidal effect of Keepdry® for the control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) on wheat under laboratory conditions. Journal of Stored Products Research, 59: 133-139.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, F. C. Tsaganou, B. J. Vayias, C. B. Dimizas & C. Th. Buchelos, 2003. Effect of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of SilicoSec® against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Crop Protection, 22: 1141-1147.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, B. J. Vayias, Z. Tomanovi´c, A. Petrovi´c, V. Rozman, C. Adler, Z. Korunic & D. Milovanovi´c, 2011. Laboratory evaluation of diatomaceous earth deposits mined from several locations in central and southeastern Europe as potential protectants against coleopteran grain pests. Crop Protection, 30: 329-339.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., B. J. Vayias, C. B. Dimizas, N. G. Kavallieratos, A. S. Papagregoriou & C. Th. Buchelos, 2005. Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 47-55.
  • Baldassari, N. & A. Martini, 2014. The efficacy of two diatomaceous earths on the mortality of Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae. Bulletin of Insectology, 67: 51-55.
  • Ceruti, F. C., S. M. N. Lazzari, F. A. Lazzari & A. R. Pinto Junior, 2008. Efficacy of diatomaceous earth and temperature to control the maize weevil in stored maize. Scientia Agraria, 9: 73-78.
  • Çetin, M. & B. Taş, 2012. A natural mineral with biological origin: Diatomite. Turkish Science-Research Foundation (Türk Bilim Araştırma Vakfı (TÜBAV) Science Journal, 5 (2): 28-46.
  • Doğanay, Ş. İ., 2013. Determination of Efficiency of Some Diatomaceous Earths against to Stored-Grain Insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Plant Protection Department (Unpublished) Master Thesis, 55 pp.
  • FDA (Food and Drug Administration, USA), 1995. Specifications for diatomaceous earths as a maximum 2% animal feed additive. 21 CFR Section 573.340.
  • Flinn, P. W. & D. W. Hagstrum, 2011. Movement of Rhyzopertha dominica in response to temperature gradients in stored wheat. Journal of Stored Products Research, 47: 407-410.
  • Kavallieratos, N. G., C. G. Athanassiou, B. J. Vayias & S. N. Maistrou, 2007. Influence of temperature onsusceptibility of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) populations to three modifieddiatomaceous earth formulations. Florida Entomologist, 90: 616-625.
  • Kavallieratos, N. G., C. G. Athanassiou, F. G. Pashalidou, N. S. Andris & Z. Tomanovic, 2005. Influence of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 61: 660-666.
  • Kljajic, P., G. Andric, M. Adamovic, M. Bodroza-Solarov, M. Markovic & I. Peric, 2010. Laboratory assessment of insecticidal effectiveness of natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth formulations against three stored-product beetle pests. Journal of Stored Products Research, 46: 1-6.
  • Korunic, Z., 1999. Enhanced diatomaceous earth: an alternative to methyl bromide. Australian Journal of Technology, 2: 95-104.
  • Mete, Z., 1988. Enrichment of diatomite reserve in Kutahya-Alayunt region. Journal of The Mediterranean University Isparta Engineering Faculty, 1: 184-201.
  • Nesvorna, M. & J. Hubert, 2014. Effect of diatomaceous earth-treated wheat on population growth of stored product mites under laboratory test. International Journal of Acarology, 40: 269-273.
  • Özbey, G. & N. Atamer, 1987. “Some knowledge on Kizelgur (Diatomite), 493-502”. 10th Turkish Scientific and Technical Congress of Mining (11-15 May 1988, Ankara, Turkey) 550 pp.
  • Rigaux, M., E. Haubruge & P. G. Fields, 2001. Mechanisms for tolerance to diatomaceous earth between strains ofTribolium castaneum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 101: 33-39.
  • Rojht, H., A. Horvat, C. G. Athanassiou, B. J. Vayias, Ž. Tomanović & S. Trdan, 2010. Impact of geochemical composition of diatomaceous earth on its insecticidal activity against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 83 (4): 429-436.
  • Sağlam, Ö., A. A. Işıkber, H. Tunaz, M. K. Er, F. Bahadır & R. Şen, 2017. Preliminary checking of some Turkish diatomaceous earth similarities with commercial diatomaceous earths under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Journal of Tekirdağ Agriculture Faculty (JOTAF), The Special Issue of the Second International Balkan Agriculture Congress (16-18 May 2017, Tekirdağ, Turkey): 13-19.
  • SAS Institute Inc., 2012. SAS / STATR User’s Guide, Version 12.1, 2nd Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 21 pp.
  • Sıvacı, R. & Ş. Dere, 2006. Seasonal change of Diatomic flora of Melendiz Stream. Ç.U. Science and Art Faculty Journal of Science, 27 (1): 1-12.
  • Subramanyam, B. & D. W. Hagstrum, 1995. “Resistance Measurement and Management, 331-398”. In: Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products (Eds. Bh. Subramanyam & D. W. Hagstrum). Marcel Decker Inc., New York, USA, 432 pp.
  • Subramanyam, B. & R. Roesli, 2000. “Inert Dust, 321-379”. In: Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM (Eds. Bh. Subramanyam & D. W. Hagstrum). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Springer, Boston, USA, 437 pp.
  • Turnbull, S. A. & C. R. Harris, 1986. Influence of post treatment temperature on the contact toxicity of ten organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides to onion maggot adults (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 117: 41-44.
  • Vardeman, E. A., F. H. Arthur, J. R. Nechols & J. F. Campbell, 2006. Effect of temperature, exposure interval and depth of diatomaceous earth on distribution, mortality, and reproduction of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 1017-1024.
  • Vassilakos, T. N., C. G. Athanassiou, N. G. Kavallieratos & B. J. Vayias, 2006. Influence of temperature on the insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana in combination with diatomaceous earth against Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae on stored wheat. Biological Control, 38 (2): 270-281.
  • Vayias, B. J. & C. G. Athanassiou, 2004. Factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulation SilicoSec® against adults and larvae of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Crop Protection, 23 (7): 565-573.
  • Wigglesworth, V. B., 1972. The Principles of Insect Physiology. London: Chapman & Hall, London, 827 pp.

Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4, 441 - 450, 01.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.581656

Öz

A study was conducted in 2017 in Entomology Laboratory of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University to determine effect of temperature on insecticidal efficacy of local diatomaceous earth (DE), collected from Turkey, against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val., 1863 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F., 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Bioassays were performed at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30ºC) and 55% RH on wheat treated with 0, 100, 300, 500, 900 and 1500 ppm (mg DE/kg grain) concentrations of local DE. Temperature had significant effect on insecticidal efficacy of local DE against the tested stored-grain insects. The effect of temperature on the insecticidal efficacy of local DE varied with insect species and concentration. Mortality of S. oryzae and T. confusum adults generally increased with increasing temperature and mortality at 30ºC was significantly higher than at 20 and 25ºC. However, for R. dominica adults treated with local DE, mortality at 20ºC were significantly higher than at 25 and 30ºC. The results indicated that complete mortality of T. confusum and S. oryzae can be achieved at lower concentrations ranging from 500 to 900 ppm. In conclusion, local DE formulation (ACN-1) has potential to be used for control of stored-grain insects.

Kaynakça

  • Aldryhim, Y. N., 1990. Efficacy of the amorphous silica dust, Dryacide, against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae). Journal of Stored Products Research, 26: 207-210.
  • Akçalı S., A. A. Işıkber, Ö. Sağlam, H. Tunaz & M. K. Er, 2018. “Laboratory evaluation of Turkish diatomaceous earths as potential stored grain protectants, 739-743”. Proceedings of Twelfth International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) (7-11 October 2018, Berlin, Germany), 1130 pp.
  • Fields, P. & Z. Korunic, 2000. The effect of grain moisture content and temperature on the efficacy of diatomaceous earths from different geographical locations against stored-product beetles. Journal of Stored Products Research, 36: 1-13.
  • Greenspan, L., 1977. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards- A. Physics and Chemistry, 81A (1): 89-96.
  • Hill, D. D., 2002. Pests of Stored Foodstuffs and Their Control. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Netherlands, 478 pp.
  • Korunic, Z., 1997. Rapid assessment of the insecticidal value of diatomaceous earths without conducting bioassays. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 219-229.
  • Korunic, Z., 1998. Diatomaceous earths, a group of natural insecticides. Journal of Stored Products Research, 34: 87-97.
  • Arthur, F. H., 1996. Grain protectants: current status and prospects for the future. Journal of Stored Products Research, 32: 293-302.
  • Rees, D., 2004. Insects of Stored Products. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood VIC, Australia. 181 pp.
  • Arthur, F. H., 2000. Toxicity of diatomaceous earth to red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): effects of temperature and relative humidity. Journal of Economic Entomology, 93 (2): 526-532.
  • Arthur, F. H., 2001. Immediate and delayed mortality of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) exposed on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: effects of temperature, relative humidity, and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research 37: 13-21.
  • Arthur, F. H., 2002. Survival of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on wheat treated with diatomaceous earth: impact of biological and environmental parameters on product efficacy. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38 (3): 305-313.
  • Arthur, F. H. & J. E. Throne, 2003. Efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control internal infestation of rice weevil and maize weevil (Coloeoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 96: 510-518.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos & N. S. Andris, 2004. Insecticidal effect of three diatomaceous earth formulations against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on oat, rye and triticale. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 2160-2167.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos & F. A. Lazzari, 2014. Insecticidal effect of Keepdry® for the control of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) on wheat under laboratory conditions. Journal of Stored Products Research, 59: 133-139.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, F. C. Tsaganou, B. J. Vayias, C. B. Dimizas & C. Th. Buchelos, 2003. Effect of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of SilicoSec® against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Crop Protection, 22: 1141-1147.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, B. J. Vayias, Z. Tomanovi´c, A. Petrovi´c, V. Rozman, C. Adler, Z. Korunic & D. Milovanovi´c, 2011. Laboratory evaluation of diatomaceous earth deposits mined from several locations in central and southeastern Europe as potential protectants against coleopteran grain pests. Crop Protection, 30: 329-339.
  • Athanassiou, C. G., B. J. Vayias, C. B. Dimizas, N. G. Kavallieratos, A. S. Papagregoriou & C. Th. Buchelos, 2005. Insecticidal efficacy of diatomaceous earth against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on stored wheat: influence of dose rate, temperature and exposure interval. Journal of Stored Products Research, 41: 47-55.
  • Baldassari, N. & A. Martini, 2014. The efficacy of two diatomaceous earths on the mortality of Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae. Bulletin of Insectology, 67: 51-55.
  • Ceruti, F. C., S. M. N. Lazzari, F. A. Lazzari & A. R. Pinto Junior, 2008. Efficacy of diatomaceous earth and temperature to control the maize weevil in stored maize. Scientia Agraria, 9: 73-78.
  • Çetin, M. & B. Taş, 2012. A natural mineral with biological origin: Diatomite. Turkish Science-Research Foundation (Türk Bilim Araştırma Vakfı (TÜBAV) Science Journal, 5 (2): 28-46.
  • Doğanay, Ş. İ., 2013. Determination of Efficiency of Some Diatomaceous Earths against to Stored-Grain Insects, Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Plant Protection Department (Unpublished) Master Thesis, 55 pp.
  • FDA (Food and Drug Administration, USA), 1995. Specifications for diatomaceous earths as a maximum 2% animal feed additive. 21 CFR Section 573.340.
  • Flinn, P. W. & D. W. Hagstrum, 2011. Movement of Rhyzopertha dominica in response to temperature gradients in stored wheat. Journal of Stored Products Research, 47: 407-410.
  • Kavallieratos, N. G., C. G. Athanassiou, B. J. Vayias & S. N. Maistrou, 2007. Influence of temperature onsusceptibility of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) populations to three modifieddiatomaceous earth formulations. Florida Entomologist, 90: 616-625.
  • Kavallieratos, N. G., C. G. Athanassiou, F. G. Pashalidou, N. S. Andris & Z. Tomanovic, 2005. Influence of grain type on the insecticidal efficacy of two diatomaceous earth formulations against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). Pest Management Science, 61: 660-666.
  • Kljajic, P., G. Andric, M. Adamovic, M. Bodroza-Solarov, M. Markovic & I. Peric, 2010. Laboratory assessment of insecticidal effectiveness of natural zeolite and diatomaceous earth formulations against three stored-product beetle pests. Journal of Stored Products Research, 46: 1-6.
  • Korunic, Z., 1999. Enhanced diatomaceous earth: an alternative to methyl bromide. Australian Journal of Technology, 2: 95-104.
  • Mete, Z., 1988. Enrichment of diatomite reserve in Kutahya-Alayunt region. Journal of The Mediterranean University Isparta Engineering Faculty, 1: 184-201.
  • Nesvorna, M. & J. Hubert, 2014. Effect of diatomaceous earth-treated wheat on population growth of stored product mites under laboratory test. International Journal of Acarology, 40: 269-273.
  • Özbey, G. & N. Atamer, 1987. “Some knowledge on Kizelgur (Diatomite), 493-502”. 10th Turkish Scientific and Technical Congress of Mining (11-15 May 1988, Ankara, Turkey) 550 pp.
  • Rigaux, M., E. Haubruge & P. G. Fields, 2001. Mechanisms for tolerance to diatomaceous earth between strains ofTribolium castaneum. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 101: 33-39.
  • Rojht, H., A. Horvat, C. G. Athanassiou, B. J. Vayias, Ž. Tomanović & S. Trdan, 2010. Impact of geochemical composition of diatomaceous earth on its insecticidal activity against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 83 (4): 429-436.
  • Sağlam, Ö., A. A. Işıkber, H. Tunaz, M. K. Er, F. Bahadır & R. Şen, 2017. Preliminary checking of some Turkish diatomaceous earth similarities with commercial diatomaceous earths under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Journal of Tekirdağ Agriculture Faculty (JOTAF), The Special Issue of the Second International Balkan Agriculture Congress (16-18 May 2017, Tekirdağ, Turkey): 13-19.
  • SAS Institute Inc., 2012. SAS / STATR User’s Guide, Version 12.1, 2nd Ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 21 pp.
  • Sıvacı, R. & Ş. Dere, 2006. Seasonal change of Diatomic flora of Melendiz Stream. Ç.U. Science and Art Faculty Journal of Science, 27 (1): 1-12.
  • Subramanyam, B. & D. W. Hagstrum, 1995. “Resistance Measurement and Management, 331-398”. In: Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products (Eds. Bh. Subramanyam & D. W. Hagstrum). Marcel Decker Inc., New York, USA, 432 pp.
  • Subramanyam, B. & R. Roesli, 2000. “Inert Dust, 321-379”. In: Alternatives to Pesticides in Stored-Product IPM (Eds. Bh. Subramanyam & D. W. Hagstrum). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Springer, Boston, USA, 437 pp.
  • Turnbull, S. A. & C. R. Harris, 1986. Influence of post treatment temperature on the contact toxicity of ten organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides to onion maggot adults (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 117: 41-44.
  • Vardeman, E. A., F. H. Arthur, J. R. Nechols & J. F. Campbell, 2006. Effect of temperature, exposure interval and depth of diatomaceous earth on distribution, mortality, and reproduction of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 1017-1024.
  • Vassilakos, T. N., C. G. Athanassiou, N. G. Kavallieratos & B. J. Vayias, 2006. Influence of temperature on the insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana in combination with diatomaceous earth against Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae on stored wheat. Biological Control, 38 (2): 270-281.
  • Vayias, B. J. & C. G. Athanassiou, 2004. Factors affecting the insecticidal efficacy of the diatomaceous earth formulation SilicoSec® against adults and larvae of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Crop Protection, 23 (7): 565-573.
  • Wigglesworth, V. B., 1972. The Principles of Insect Physiology. London: Chapman & Hall, London, 827 pp.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Recep Şen 0000-0002-9130-9737

Ali Arda Işıkber 0000-0003-1213-3532

Hüseyin Bozkurt 0000-0002-1922-7550

Özgür Sağlam 0000-0003-1236-4648

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 4 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 43 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Şen, R., Işıkber, A. A., Bozkurt, H., Sağlam, Ö. (2019). Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 43(4), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.581656
AMA Şen R, Işıkber AA, Bozkurt H, Sağlam Ö. Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects. TED. Aralık 2019;43(4):441-450. doi:10.16970/entoted.581656
Chicago Şen, Recep, Ali Arda Işıkber, Hüseyin Bozkurt, ve Özgür Sağlam. “Effect of Temperature on Insecticidal Efficiency of Local Diatomaceous Earth Against Stored-Grain Insects”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 43, sy. 4 (Aralık 2019): 441-50. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.581656.
EndNote Şen R, Işıkber AA, Bozkurt H, Sağlam Ö (01 Aralık 2019) Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects. Turkish Journal of Entomology 43 4 441–450.
IEEE R. Şen, A. A. Işıkber, H. Bozkurt, ve Ö. Sağlam, “Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects”, TED, c. 43, sy. 4, ss. 441–450, 2019, doi: 10.16970/entoted.581656.
ISNAD Şen, Recep vd. “Effect of Temperature on Insecticidal Efficiency of Local Diatomaceous Earth Against Stored-Grain Insects”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 43/4 (Aralık 2019), 441-450. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.581656.
JAMA Şen R, Işıkber AA, Bozkurt H, Sağlam Ö. Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects. TED. 2019;43:441–450.
MLA Şen, Recep vd. “Effect of Temperature on Insecticidal Efficiency of Local Diatomaceous Earth Against Stored-Grain Insects”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 43, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 441-50, doi:10.16970/entoted.581656.
Vancouver Şen R, Işıkber AA, Bozkurt H, Sağlam Ö. Effect of temperature on insecticidal efficiency of local diatomaceous earth against stored-grain insects. TED. 2019;43(4):441-50.