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Fumigant toxicity of monoterpenoid compounds against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 4, 457 - 466, 01.08.2013

Öz

This study was carried out to determine the fumigant toxicity of the monoterpenoid compounds; α-pinene, pcymene, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, linalyl acetate, linalool, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, limonene, β-pinene, allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide against all life stages of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. at 25°C and 65% RH. Preliminary biological tests were performed to test the fumigant activity of monoterpenoid compounds against all life stages of T. confusum exposed to a dose of 100 µLL−1 for 24-h. Preliminary biological tests indicated that allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide had high fumigant activity on all life stages of the test insect with mortality rates ranging from 92 to 100%, while cuminaldehyde was highly toxic to only its egg stage. Other monoterpenoid compounds, apart from cuminaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulphide, showed low fumigant toxicity to all life stages of the test insect with mortality rates ranging from 0 to 27.3%. Allyl isothiocyanate and diallyl disulfide were the only compounds to kill all life stages of T. confusum. Lethal concentration tests showed that allyl isothiocyanate was more toxic to T. confusum larvae, pupa and adults with 5.99, 2.69 and 3.50 µLL−1 LC90 values, respectively, than diallyl disulphide by 98.06, 42.26 and 47.57 µLL−1 LC90 values, respectively. The complete mortality of all life stages of T. confusum was achieved at a Ct product (Concentration x time) of 254 mg h L-1 of allyl isothiocyanate. Based on the toxicity data, allyl isothiocyanate has potential as a fumigant for controlling stored-grain insects

Kaynakça

  • Bang, Y.H. & H.S. Telford, 1966. Effect of sub-lethal doses of fumigants on stored-grain insects. Washington State's Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bullettion, No:50,22 p.
  • Busvine, J.R. 1938. The toxicity of ethylene oxide to Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Cimex lectularius. Annals of Applied Biology, 25: 605-632.
  • Collins, P.J., G.J. Daglish, H. Pavic, T.M. Lambkin & R. Kapittke, 2002. Combating strong resistance to phosphine in stored grain pests in Australia. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference On Stored Grain in Australia, 2000 Aug 1-4 CSIRO Canberra, Australia, pp.109-112.
  • Damcevski, K., G. Dojchinov & V.S.Haritos, 2003. VAPORMATETM a formulation of ethyl formate with CO2 for disinfestation of grain. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference on Stored Grain in Australia. 2003 June 25-27 CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 199-204.
  • Demirel, N., S. Kurt, U. Gunes, F.T. Uluc & F. Cabuk, 2009. Toxicological responses of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum duVal. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) to various isothiocyanate compounds. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21: 6411-6416.
  • Desmarchelier, J.M.,1994. Carbonyl sulphide as a fumigant for control of insects and mites. In: Highley E, Wright EJ, Banks HJ Champ BR (ed) Proc. 6th Int Working Conf on Stored-Product Protection, Canberra, Australia. 17-23 April 1994 CAB Inter Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 1:78-82.
  • Donahaye, E., 1990. Laboratory selection for resistance by the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration. Phytoparasitica, 18: 189-202.
  • EPA, 2001. Ozone Layer Protection–Science, Class I Ozone-depleting Substances. Enviromental Protection Agency. (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/classone.html), (Accessed: April 2013).
  • Erler, F., 2005. Fumigant activity of six monoterpenoids from aromatic plants in Turkey against the two stored-product pests confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum and Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 112: 602-611.
  • Greenspan, L., 1977. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 8: 89-96.
  • Harborne, J.B., 1993. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry, Academic Press Limited, p.318, London,UK.
  • Harwood, S.H., A.F. Modenke & R.E. Berry, 1990. Toxicity of peppermint monoterpenes to the variegated cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1761-1767.
  • Hough-Goldstein, J.A., 1990. Antifeedant effects of common herbs on the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Enviromental Entomololgy, 19, 234-238.
  • Huang, Y., S.X. Chen & S.H. Ho, 2000. Bioactivities of methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide from essential oil of garlic to two species of stored-product pests Sitophilus zeamais (Col: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Col: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 537-543.
  • Işıkber, A.A. & N. Gözek, 2009. Fumigant toxicity of garlic essential oils and its active components against life stages of confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum J. du Val., Conference book of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group Integrated Protection of Stored Products, 2009 June 29, July 2, Campobasso, Italy, 26 p.
  • Işıkber, A.A., N. Özder, Ö. Sağlam, 2009. Susceptibility of eggs of Tribolium confusum, Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella to four essential oil vapors. Phytoparasitica, 37:231-239.
  • Isman, M.B., 2006. Botanical insecticides deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51:45-66.
  • Karr, L.L. & J.R. Coats, 1988. Insecticidal properties of d-limonene. Journal of Pesticide Science, 13: 287-290.
  • Kim, D.H. & Y.J. Ahn, 2001. Contact and fumigant activities of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 57: 301-306.
  • Lee, S., C.J. Peterson & J.R. Coats, 2003. Fumigation toxicity of monoterpenoids to several stored product insects. Journal of Stored Product Research, 39: 77-85.
  • LeOra Software, 1987. POLO-PC: A users’ guide to probit or logit analysis. Berkeley, CA, USA.
  • Lindgren, D.L. & L.E. Vincent, 1965. The susceptibility of laboratory and field cultures of Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum to ethylene dibromide, HCN and methyl bromide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 58: 551-556.
  • Lopez, M.D., M.J. Jordan & M.J. Pascual-Villalobos, 2008. Toxic compounds in essential oils of coriander, caraway and basil active against stored rice pests. Journal of Stored Product Research, 44: 273-278.
  • Mansour, E. E., M. Fengyu, G. Zhang, X. Jiugao, Y. Wang & A. Kargbo, 2012. Effect of allylisothiocyanate on Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium confusum and Plodia interpunctella: Toxicity and effect on insect mitochondria, Crop Protection, 33: 40–51.
  • MBTOC, 2002. Report of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee (MBTOC) 2002 Assessment United Nations Publications, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Nawrot, J. & J. Harmatha, 1994. Natural products as antifeedants against stored product insect. Postharvest News and Information, 5: 17-21.
  • Prabhakaran, S., 2006. Commercial performance and global development status of Profumes gas fumigant. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. October 15-18, Brazilian Post-harvest Association Campinas, Brazil, pp. 635-641.
  • Rajendran, S., 1990. The toxicity of phosphine, methyl bromide, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and carbon dioxide alone and as mixtures to the pupae of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Pesticide Science, 29: 75-83.
  • Regnault- Roger, C. & A. Hamraoui, 1995. Fumigant toxic activity and reproductive inhibition induced by monoterpenes on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera) a bruchid of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Journal of Stored Product Research, 31: 291-299.
  • Ren, Y.L., D. Mahona, J.V.S. Gravera & M. Head, 2008. Fumigation trial on direct application of liquid carbonyl sulphide to wheat in a 2500 t concrete silo. Journal of Stored Product Research, 44: 115-125.
  • Rice, P.J., Coats, J.R., (1994). Insecticidal properties of several monoterpenoids to the housefly (Diptera: Muscidae), red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 87: 1172-1179.
  • Ryan, R., N. Grant & J. Nicolson, 2006. STERIGAS and COSMIC: Update on Proposed New Fumigants. Proc. 9 Int. Working Conf. on Stored-Product Protection, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2006, 15-18 October, pp. 624-629.
  • Santos, J.C., L.R.A. Faroni, A.H. Sousa & R.N.C. Guedes, 2011. Fumigant toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate to populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.Journal of Stored Products Research, 47 (3):238–243
  • Shaaya, E., M. Kostjukovski, J. Eilberg & C. Sukprakarn, 1997. Plant oils as fumigants and contact insecticides for the control of stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 7-15.
  • SPSS, 2009. SPSS Statistics 17 Data Analysis with Comprehensive Statistics Software, BrotherSoft, WA, USA.
  • Stamopoulos, D.C., P. Damos& G. Karagianidou, 2007. Bioactivity of five monoterpenoid vapours to Tribolium
  • confusum (du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Journal of Stored Products Research, 43 (4): 571-577.
  • Taylor, R.W.D. 1989. Phosphine: A major fumigant at risk. International Pest Control, 31:10-14.
  • Tsao, R., S. Lee, P.J. Rice, C. Jensen & J.R. Coats, 1995. Monoterpenoids and their synthetic derivatives as leads for new insect control agents. In: Baker DR, Fenyes JG, Basarab GS (eds.) Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 312-324.
  • Watanabe, A.K., Y. Shono, A. Kakimizu, N. Matsuo, A. Saton & H. Nishimura, 1993. New mosquito repellent from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41: 2164-2166.
  • Williams, P., 1985. Toxicity of methyl bromide in carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres to beetles attacking stored grain. General & Applied Entomology, 17: 17-24.
  • Worfel, R.C., K.S. Schneider & T.C.S. Yang, 1997. Suppressive effect of allyl isothiocyanate on populations of stored grain insect pests. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 21:9-19.
  • Wu, H., G.A. Zhang, S.Y. Zeng & K.C. Lin, 2009. Extraction of allyl isothiocyanate from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and its fumigant insecticidal activity on four stored-product pests of paddy. Pest Management Science, 65: 1003-1008.
  • Zettler, J.L., J.G. Leesch, R.F. Gill & B.E. Mackey, 1997. Toxicity of carbonyl sulfide to stored product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90: 832-836.

Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 4, 457 - 466, 01.08.2013

Öz

Bu çalışma, önemli bir depo zararlısı olan Kırma Biti, Tribolium confusum du Val.’ un tüm gelişme dönemlerine karşı, α-pinene, p-cymene, eugenol, cuminaldehyde, linalyl acetate, linalool, α-terpinene, gamma terpinene, limonene, β-pinene, allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disülfide monoterpenoid bileşiklerinin fumigant etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak, 25°C sıcaklık ve %65 nem koşullarında biyolojik testler yürütülmüştür. Ön biyolojik testlerde, T. confusum’ un tüm dönemleri monoterpenoid bileşiklerin 100 µLL-1 konsantrasyonuna, 24 saat süreyle maruz bırakılmıştır. Ön biyolojik testler sonucunda allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disulfide bileşikleri T. confusum’ un tüm dönemlere karşı yüksek fumigant etki göstermiş ve ölüm oranları %92 ile %100 arasında değişmiştir. Cuminaldehyde’in ise sadece yumurta dönemine yüksek toksik etki gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Cuminaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disulphide bileşikleri dışındaki diğer monoterpenoid bileşikler %0 ila 27.3 arasında değişen ölüm oranlarına sahip olarak düşük bir fumigant etki göstermiştir. Tribolium confusum’ un tüm yaşam dönemlerini sadece allyl isothiocyanate ve diallyl disulfide bileşikleri öldürücü etki göstermiştir. Lethal konsantrasyon testleri sonucunda T. confusum’ un larva, pupa ve ergin dönemleri için allyl isothiocyanate ile dially disülfide’ e ait LC90değerleri sırasıyla 5.99, 2.69 and 3.50 µLL−1 ve 98.06, 42.26 and 47.57 µLL−1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar allyl isothiocyanate’ ın T.confusum’ un tüm yaşam dönemlerine, diallyl disulfide’den daha toksik olduğunu göstermiştir. Allyl isothiocyanate bileşiğinin, T. confusum’ un tüm yaşam dönemlerini öldürmek için gerekli olacak Ct product değeri 254 mg h L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, toksisite verileri, allyl isothiocyanate bileşiğinin depolanmış tahıl zararlılarının kontrolünde potansiyel bir fumigant olabileceğini göstermiştir

Kaynakça

  • Bang, Y.H. & H.S. Telford, 1966. Effect of sub-lethal doses of fumigants on stored-grain insects. Washington State's Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bullettion, No:50,22 p.
  • Busvine, J.R. 1938. The toxicity of ethylene oxide to Sitophilus oryzae, S. granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Cimex lectularius. Annals of Applied Biology, 25: 605-632.
  • Collins, P.J., G.J. Daglish, H. Pavic, T.M. Lambkin & R. Kapittke, 2002. Combating strong resistance to phosphine in stored grain pests in Australia. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference On Stored Grain in Australia, 2000 Aug 1-4 CSIRO Canberra, Australia, pp.109-112.
  • Damcevski, K., G. Dojchinov & V.S.Haritos, 2003. VAPORMATETM a formulation of ethyl formate with CO2 for disinfestation of grain. Proceedings of the Australian Postharvest Technical Conference on Stored Grain in Australia. 2003 June 25-27 CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 199-204.
  • Demirel, N., S. Kurt, U. Gunes, F.T. Uluc & F. Cabuk, 2009. Toxicological responses of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum duVal. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) to various isothiocyanate compounds. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21: 6411-6416.
  • Desmarchelier, J.M.,1994. Carbonyl sulphide as a fumigant for control of insects and mites. In: Highley E, Wright EJ, Banks HJ Champ BR (ed) Proc. 6th Int Working Conf on Stored-Product Protection, Canberra, Australia. 17-23 April 1994 CAB Inter Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 1:78-82.
  • Donahaye, E., 1990. Laboratory selection for resistance by the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) to an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration. Phytoparasitica, 18: 189-202.
  • EPA, 2001. Ozone Layer Protection–Science, Class I Ozone-depleting Substances. Enviromental Protection Agency. (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/classone.html), (Accessed: April 2013).
  • Erler, F., 2005. Fumigant activity of six monoterpenoids from aromatic plants in Turkey against the two stored-product pests confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum and Mediterranean flour moth Ephestia kuehniella. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 112: 602-611.
  • Greenspan, L., 1977. Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 8: 89-96.
  • Harborne, J.B., 1993. Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry, Academic Press Limited, p.318, London,UK.
  • Harwood, S.H., A.F. Modenke & R.E. Berry, 1990. Toxicity of peppermint monoterpenes to the variegated cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1761-1767.
  • Hough-Goldstein, J.A., 1990. Antifeedant effects of common herbs on the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Enviromental Entomololgy, 19, 234-238.
  • Huang, Y., S.X. Chen & S.H. Ho, 2000. Bioactivities of methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide from essential oil of garlic to two species of stored-product pests Sitophilus zeamais (Col: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Col: Tenebrionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 93: 537-543.
  • Işıkber, A.A. & N. Gözek, 2009. Fumigant toxicity of garlic essential oils and its active components against life stages of confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum J. du Val., Conference book of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group Integrated Protection of Stored Products, 2009 June 29, July 2, Campobasso, Italy, 26 p.
  • Işıkber, A.A., N. Özder, Ö. Sağlam, 2009. Susceptibility of eggs of Tribolium confusum, Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella to four essential oil vapors. Phytoparasitica, 37:231-239.
  • Isman, M.B., 2006. Botanical insecticides deterrents and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51:45-66.
  • Karr, L.L. & J.R. Coats, 1988. Insecticidal properties of d-limonene. Journal of Pesticide Science, 13: 287-290.
  • Kim, D.H. & Y.J. Ahn, 2001. Contact and fumigant activities of constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored-product insects. Pest Management Science, 57: 301-306.
  • Lee, S., C.J. Peterson & J.R. Coats, 2003. Fumigation toxicity of monoterpenoids to several stored product insects. Journal of Stored Product Research, 39: 77-85.
  • LeOra Software, 1987. POLO-PC: A users’ guide to probit or logit analysis. Berkeley, CA, USA.
  • Lindgren, D.L. & L.E. Vincent, 1965. The susceptibility of laboratory and field cultures of Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum to ethylene dibromide, HCN and methyl bromide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 58: 551-556.
  • Lopez, M.D., M.J. Jordan & M.J. Pascual-Villalobos, 2008. Toxic compounds in essential oils of coriander, caraway and basil active against stored rice pests. Journal of Stored Product Research, 44: 273-278.
  • Mansour, E. E., M. Fengyu, G. Zhang, X. Jiugao, Y. Wang & A. Kargbo, 2012. Effect of allylisothiocyanate on Sitophilus oryzae, Tribolium confusum and Plodia interpunctella: Toxicity and effect on insect mitochondria, Crop Protection, 33: 40–51.
  • MBTOC, 2002. Report of the Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee (MBTOC) 2002 Assessment United Nations Publications, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Nawrot, J. & J. Harmatha, 1994. Natural products as antifeedants against stored product insect. Postharvest News and Information, 5: 17-21.
  • Prabhakaran, S., 2006. Commercial performance and global development status of Profumes gas fumigant. Proceedings of the 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. October 15-18, Brazilian Post-harvest Association Campinas, Brazil, pp. 635-641.
  • Rajendran, S., 1990. The toxicity of phosphine, methyl bromide, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and carbon dioxide alone and as mixtures to the pupae of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Pesticide Science, 29: 75-83.
  • Regnault- Roger, C. & A. Hamraoui, 1995. Fumigant toxic activity and reproductive inhibition induced by monoterpenes on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera) a bruchid of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Journal of Stored Product Research, 31: 291-299.
  • Ren, Y.L., D. Mahona, J.V.S. Gravera & M. Head, 2008. Fumigation trial on direct application of liquid carbonyl sulphide to wheat in a 2500 t concrete silo. Journal of Stored Product Research, 44: 115-125.
  • Rice, P.J., Coats, J.R., (1994). Insecticidal properties of several monoterpenoids to the housefly (Diptera: Muscidae), red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 87: 1172-1179.
  • Ryan, R., N. Grant & J. Nicolson, 2006. STERIGAS and COSMIC: Update on Proposed New Fumigants. Proc. 9 Int. Working Conf. on Stored-Product Protection, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2006, 15-18 October, pp. 624-629.
  • Santos, J.C., L.R.A. Faroni, A.H. Sousa & R.N.C. Guedes, 2011. Fumigant toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate to populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum.Journal of Stored Products Research, 47 (3):238–243
  • Shaaya, E., M. Kostjukovski, J. Eilberg & C. Sukprakarn, 1997. Plant oils as fumigants and contact insecticides for the control of stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research, 33: 7-15.
  • SPSS, 2009. SPSS Statistics 17 Data Analysis with Comprehensive Statistics Software, BrotherSoft, WA, USA.
  • Stamopoulos, D.C., P. Damos& G. Karagianidou, 2007. Bioactivity of five monoterpenoid vapours to Tribolium
  • confusum (du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Journal of Stored Products Research, 43 (4): 571-577.
  • Taylor, R.W.D. 1989. Phosphine: A major fumigant at risk. International Pest Control, 31:10-14.
  • Tsao, R., S. Lee, P.J. Rice, C. Jensen & J.R. Coats, 1995. Monoterpenoids and their synthetic derivatives as leads for new insect control agents. In: Baker DR, Fenyes JG, Basarab GS (eds.) Synthesis and Chemistry of Agrochemicals IV American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 312-324.
  • Watanabe, A.K., Y. Shono, A. Kakimizu, N. Matsuo, A. Saton & H. Nishimura, 1993. New mosquito repellent from Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41: 2164-2166.
  • Williams, P., 1985. Toxicity of methyl bromide in carbon dioxide enriched atmospheres to beetles attacking stored grain. General & Applied Entomology, 17: 17-24.
  • Worfel, R.C., K.S. Schneider & T.C.S. Yang, 1997. Suppressive effect of allyl isothiocyanate on populations of stored grain insect pests. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 21:9-19.
  • Wu, H., G.A. Zhang, S.Y. Zeng & K.C. Lin, 2009. Extraction of allyl isothiocyanate from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and its fumigant insecticidal activity on four stored-product pests of paddy. Pest Management Science, 65: 1003-1008.
  • Zettler, J.L., J.G. Leesch, R.F. Gill & B.E. Mackey, 1997. Toxicity of carbonyl sulfide to stored product insects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90: 832-836.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özgür Sağlam Bu kişi benim

Nihal Özder Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Sağlam, Ö. ., & Özder, N. . (2013). Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37(4), 457-466.
AMA Sağlam Ö, Özder N. Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi. TED. Ağustos 2013;37(4):457-466.
Chicago Sağlam, Özgür, ve Nihal Özder. “Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma Biti Tribolium Confusum Jacquelin Du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine Fumigant Toksisitesi”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37, sy. 4 (Ağustos 2013): 457-66.
EndNote Sağlam Ö, Özder N (01 Ağustos 2013) Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37 4 457–466.
IEEE Ö. . Sağlam ve N. . Özder, “Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi”, TED, c. 37, sy. 4, ss. 457–466, 2013.
ISNAD Sağlam, Özgür - Özder, Nihal. “Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma Biti Tribolium Confusum Jacquelin Du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine Fumigant Toksisitesi”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 37/4 (Ağustos 2013), 457-466.
JAMA Sağlam Ö, Özder N. Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi. TED. 2013;37:457–466.
MLA Sağlam, Özgür ve Nihal Özder. “Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma Biti Tribolium Confusum Jacquelin Du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine Fumigant Toksisitesi”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, c. 37, sy. 4, 2013, ss. 457-66.
Vancouver Sağlam Ö, Özder N. Monoterpenoid bileşiklerin, Kırma biti Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) üzerine fumigant toksisitesi. TED. 2013;37(4):457-66.