Efervesan tabletler: ilaç kullanımı için güvenli ve pratik bir uygulama sistemi

Abstract

Effervescence is defined as the evolution of gas bubbles from a liquid as a result of a chemical reaction. For medicinal use, effervescent tablets have specific characteristics that allow rapid adsorption of the intended drug. In this manner, a medication can be absorbed easily and effectively if it dissolves easily in water and is present at a sufficient dose. Common acids utilized for effervescent reactions are citric, malic, tartaric, adipic and fumaric acids. Citric acid is most commonly used for this application, which also adds a citrus-like taste to the products. Tartaric, adipic and fumaric acids are usually used in small amounts, due to their low water solubility. Effervescent tablets are used to simplify the handling of doses, provide optimal compatibility, promote superior and rapid absorption, increase a patient’s liquid intake and circumvent the difficulty of swallowing large pills. This review defines effervescent tablets in terms of the technology and describes the advantages and disadvantages.

Keywords

• Effervescent,tablet,advantages,disadvantages

Kaynakça

1. 1. Rajlakshmi G, Vamsi C, Balchandar R, Damodharan N. Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets of diclofenac potassium. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research 2011;2;237–43.
2. 2. Mohrle R. Effervescent tablets. In: Liberman HA, Lachman L. Schwartz JB, editors. pharmaceutical dosage form–tablets. Vol. I. First Indian reprint. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 2005. p. 285–92.
3. 3. Stahl H. Effervescent dosage manufacturing. Pharmaceutical Technology Europe 2003;15:25–8.
4. 4. Swarbrick J, Boylon JC. Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc.; 2002. p. 1037–49.
5. 5. Tekade BW, Jadhao UT, Thakre VM, Bhortake LR. Formulation and evaluation of diclofenac sodium effervescent tablet. Innovations in Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacotherapy 2014;2:350–8.
6. 6. Prabhakar CH, Krishna KB. A review on effervescent tablet. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2011;3:704–12. 7. Sweetman SC. Martindle: the complete drug reference. 35th ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2007.
7. 8. Aslani A, Fattahi F. Formulation, characterization and physicochemical evaluation of potassium citrate effervescent tablets. Adv Pharm Bull 2013;3:217–25.
8. 9. Pham JH. Understanding effervescent tableting technology [cited 2015 Nov 29]. Available from:.http://www.naturalproductsinsider. com/articles/2008/05/understanding-effervescenttableting- technology.aspx

9. 10. Tian XF, Bian BL. Development of effervescent tablet of Chinese traditional medicine and its technology study. [Article in Chinese] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2004;29:624–7.
10. 11. Lachman L, Liberman HA, Kanig JL. The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger; 1986.
11. 12. Allen LV, Popovich NG, Ansel HC. Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
12. 13. Swarbrick J, Boylan JC. Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2002.
13. 14. Altomare E, Vendemiale G, Benvenuti C, Andreatta P. Bioavailability of a new effervescent tablet of ibuprofen in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997;52:505–6.
14. 15. Monrle R. Effervescent tablet. In: Liberman HA, Lachman I, Schwartz J, editors. Pharmaceutical dosage form: tablets. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1980.
15. 16. Callahan JC, Cleary GW, Elefant M, Kaplan G, Kensler T, Nash RA. Equilibrium moisture content of pharmaceutical excipients. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1982;8:355–69.
16. 17. Saleh SI, Boymond C, Stamm A. Preparation of direct compressible effervescent components: spray-dried sodium bicarbonate. Int J Pharm 1988;45:19–26.
17. 18. Tekin A, Tekgul S, Atsu N, Bakkaloglu M, Kendi S. Oral potassium citrate treatment for idiopathic hypocitruria in children with calcium urolithiasis. J Urol 2002;168:2572–4.
18. 19. Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Fuller C. Successful management of uric acid nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate. Kidney Int 1986;30:422–8.
19. 20. Pak CY, Peterson RD, Poindexter J. Prevention of spinal bone loss by potassium citrate in cases of calcium urolithiasis. J Urol 2002; 168:31–4.
20. 21. McEvoy GK. AHFS drug information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2005.
21. 22. Møller PL, Nørholt SE, Ganry HE, et al. Time to onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of effervescent acetaminophen 1000 mg compared to tablet acetaminophen 1000 mg in postoperative dental pain: a single-dose, double-blind, randomised, placebocontrolled study. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;4:370–8.
22. 23. Effervescent technology primer [cited 2015 Nov 29]. Available from: http://www.lotioncrafter.com/pdf/Effervescent_Technology_ Primer.pdf
23. 24. Effervescent benefits [cited 2015 Nov 29]. Available from: http://www.amerilabtech.com/expertise/effervescent-benefits/
24. 25. Palanisamy P, Abhishekh R, Yoganand Kumar D. Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets of aceclofenac. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2011;2:185–90.
25. 26. Srinath KR, Pooja Chowdary CP, Palanisamy P, et al. Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets of paracetamol. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 2011;3:76– 104.
26. 27. Lee RE. Effervescent tablets 2010 [cited 2015 Nov 29]. Available from: http://www.amerilabtech.com/wp-content/uploads/Effervescent TabletsKeyFacts.pdf
27. 28. Wadhwani AR, Prabhu NB, Nadkarni MA, Amin PD. Consumer friendly mucolytic formulations. Indian J Pharm Sci 2004;7:506–7.
28. 29. Bandeline FJ. Granulation. In: Liberman HA, Lachman L, Schwartz JB, editors. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: tablets. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1989. p. 287–92.
29. 30. Bhusan SY, Sambhaji SP, Anant RP, Kakasaheb RM. New drug delivery system for elderly. Indian Drugs 2000;37:312–8.
30. 31. Aslani A, Jahangiri H. Formulation, characterization and physicochemical evaluation of ranitidine effervescent tablets. Adv Pharm Bull 2013;3:315–22.