Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 , 1 - 9, 29.06.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdul Rahim Abdul Rashid. (1999). Kemahiran Berfikir Merentasi Kurikulum. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd. Akbariah Mohd. Mahdzir. (2009). Penerokaan ciri-ciri psikometrik instrumen pentaksiran pemikiran kraitis Malaysia (IPPKM) dan model pemikiran kritis Malaysia. Tesis Dr. Fal, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Anderson, L.W., Krathwohl, D.R., Airasian, P.W., Cruikshank, K.A., Mayer, R.E., Pintrich, P.R., Raths, J. & Wittrock, M.C. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon. Anderson, L.W. & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Longman. Ausubel, D.P. (1968). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya dan Zurihanmi Zakariya. (2005). Psikologi Kognitif. Skudai: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Barchok, K.H., Too, J.K. & Ngeno, K.J. (2013). Effect of collaborative concept mapping teaching strategy on students’ attitudes towards chemistry in selected secondary schools in kenya. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2(2), 1-11. Basque, J. & Lavoie, M. C. (2006). Collaborative Concept Mapping in Education: Major Research Trends. In Canas A. J. & Novak J. D. (Eds.), Concept Maps: Theory, Methodology, Technology - Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Concept Mapping. San Jose, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica. Vol. 1: 79-86 Bekelesky G.M. (2015). Critical thinking development in undergraduate Dental Hygiene students. Disertasi Dr. Pendidikan (Ed.D), Grand Canyon University. Bixler, G. M., Brown, A., Way, D., Ledford, C., & Mahan, J. D. (2015). Collaborative concept mapping and critical thinking in fourth-year medical students. Clinical Pediatrics, 54(9), 833–839. Bloom, B.S. and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. NY, NY: Longmans, Green Boyd, K. (2001). Critical thinking tests and higher education research. Disertasi Ph.D. Georgia State University. Brookfield, S. D. (1989). Developing Critical Thinkers: Challenging Adults to Explore Alternative Ways of Thinking and Acting. San Francisco, Oxford: Jossey-Bass Publishers Burton, J. (2010). WHO Healthy Workplace Framework and Model: Background and Supporting Literature and Practices. http://www.who.int/occupational_health/healthy_workplace_framework.pdf. [16 April 2015] Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand Mcnally. Cañas, A. J., Novak, J. D., & Reiska, P. (2015). How good is my concept map? Am I a good Cmapper? Knowledge Management & E-Learning (KM&EL), 7(1), 6–19. Cañas, A. J., Reiska, P., & Novak, J. D. (2016). Is my concept map large enough? In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Concept Mapping (Vol. 1). Berlin: Springer. Cañas, A. J., Reiska, P. & Möllits, A. (2017). Developing higher-order thinking skills with concept mapping: A case of pedagogic frailty. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 9(3), 348-365. Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quiasi- experimentation: design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Edisi ke-3. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cherry, K. (2008). Hawthorne Effect. http://psychology.about.com/od/hindex/g/def_hawthorn.htm. [26 Disember 2015] Daley, B. J., Shaw, C. R., Balistrieri, T., Glasenapp, K., & Piacentine, L. (1999). Concept maps: A strategy to teach and evaluate critical thinking. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 27(1), 17-27. Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Boston: D.C. Heath & Company. Dick, W. (1996). The Dick and Carey model: will it survive the decade? Educational Technology Research and Development, 44(3), 55-63. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02300425 Education Policy Planning and Research Division, Ministry of Education. (2016). Laporan TIMSS 2015-Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. Kuala Lumpur. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. ISBN 978-983-3444-96-0 Effah Bte Moh @ Hj Abdullah, Othman Bin Lebar, Abd. Aziz B. Abd. Shukor, & Mohd. Uzi Bin Dollah. (2013). Kesan model konstruk pengetahuan berstruktur (KPB) terhadap anjakan sikap terhadap pembelajaran biologi pelajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia,3(2), (ISSN 2232-0393). Elder, L. & Paul. R. (2008). The Thinker’s Guide to Intellectual Standards. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Dillon Beach, California. Elder, L. & Paul. R. (2009a). The thinker’s guide to analytic thinking. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Dillon Beach, California. Elder, L. & Paul. R. (2009b). The aspiring thinker’s guide to critical thinking. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Dillon Beach, California. Fan Yan. (2015). Mapping students’ ideas about chemical reactions at different educational levels. Disertasi Ph.D. University of Arizona. Facione, P. A, 2011.Think Critically, Pearson Education: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Ghani, I. B. A., Yahaya, N. A., Ibrahim, N. H., Hasan, M. N., & Surif, J. (2017). Effects of concept mapping in laboratory learning activities to generate students’ higher order thinking skills in electrolysis. Advanced Science Letters, 23(4), 2779–2782. Gokhale, A. A. (1995). Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 1-5. Gray, N. (2014). Development of a concept exploration based teaching Methodology for undergraduate chemistry education. Disertasi Ph.D, Graduate Faculty, University of Alabama. Green, M. A. (2010). Evaluation of concept mapping as a strategy to enhance critical thinking. Science Master Thesis. Graduate School, Ball State University. Harris, D. (2008). A comparative study of the effect of collaborative problem-solving in Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) on individual achievement. Disertasi Ph.D. University of San Francisco. Hawkins, D., Elder, L. & Paul, R. (2006). The thinker’s guide to clinical reasoning. Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, California. Higgins, S., Mercier, E., Burd, L., & Joyce-Gibbons, A. (2012). Multi-touch tables and collaborative learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(6), 1041–1054 Johanssen, D. H., Reeves, T., Hong, N., Harvey, D. & Peters, K. (1997). Concept mapping as cognitive learning and assessment tools. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 8(1), 289-308. Johnson. (2007). Contextual Teaching and Learning: Exciting Make Teaching and Learning Activities and Meaningful. Bandung, Indonesia: Mizan Learning Center. Kamisah Osman,Wahidin & Subahan Mohd Meerah. (2013). Concept mapping in Chemistry lessons: Tools for inculcating thinking skills in chemistry learning. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 12(5), 666-681. Khajavi, Y. & Ketabi, S. (2011). Influencing EFL learners’ reading comprehension and self-efficacy beliefs: The effect of concept mapping strategy. Porta Linguarum 17 (1): 9-27. Kinchin, I. M. (2014). Concept mapping as a learning tool in higher education: A critical analysis of recent reviews. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 62(1), 39–49. Lawson, A.E. (2001). Using the learning cycle to teach biology concepts and reasoning patterns. Journal of Biological Education, 35(4), 165-168. Leach, B.T. & Good, D.W. (2011). Critical Thinking Skills as Related to University Students Gender and Academic Discipline. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 1(21): 100-106. Marin, L.M. & Halpern, D. F. (2011). Pedagogy for developing critical thinking in adolescents: Explicit instruction produces greatest gains. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 6 (1), 1–13. McInerney, M., & Fink, L., D. (2003). Team-based learning enhances long-term retention and critical thinking in an undergraduate microbial physiology course. Microbiology Education. 4 (5): 3-12. Ministry of Education. (2011). Spesifikasi Kurikulum Sains Tingkatan 1. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2012). Membudayakan Kemahiran Berfikir. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2013). Pentaksiran Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2014). Kenyataan akhbar Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia berkaitan Pentaksiran Tingkatan 3 tahun 2014. http://www.Ministry of Education.gov.my/v/pemberitahuan-view?id=4547 [18 Disember 2015]. Ministry of Education. (2015). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Sains Tingkatan 1. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2016). Sains Tingkatan 1. Shah Alam, Selangor: Karangkraf Network Snd. Bhd. Ministry of Housing and Local Government. (2001). Rangka Rancangan Jangka Panjang Ketiga (RRJP3) 2001-2010. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakkan Nasional Malaysia Berhad. Nirmala, T. & Shakuntala B. S. (2011). Concept mapping – An effective tool to promote critical thinking skills among nurses. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 1(04), 21-26. Novak, J. (1990). Concept mapping: A useful tool for Science education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(10), 937-949. Novak, J. (1993). How do we learn our lesson?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 60(3), 50-55. Novak, J.D., & Cañas, A.J. (2004). Building on new constructivist ideas and CmapTools to create a new model for education. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Concept Mapping, 469-476. Novak, J. D., & Cañas, A. J. (2008). The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct and Use Them. Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 2006-01 Rev 01-2008. Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning How to Learn. New York and Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS Survival Manual. Edisi ke-4. Crows Nest NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin. Piaget, J. 1964. in Piaget, J. (1994). Cognitive Development in children: Piaget Development and Learning. Journal Research in Science Teaching. 1 (2): 176-186. Quitadamo I.J. (2002). Critical thinking in higher education: The influence of teaching styles and peer collaboration on science and math learning. Ph.D. Dissertation, Washington State University. Richbourg, J.A. (2015). Concept Mapping as a Tool for Enhancing Self-Paced Learning in a Distance Scenario. Ph.D. Dissertation, Walden University. Roop, K.M. (2002). Effect of Concept Mapping as a Learning Strategy on Certificate Practical Nursing Students’ Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking Development. Ed.D. Dissertation, Wilmington College. Rosen, Y., & Tager, M. (2014). Making student thinking visible through a concept map in computer-based assessment of critical thinking. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 50(2), 249–270. Sadiah Bharom. (2008). Kesan paduan kitar pembelajaran dan pemetaan konsep terhadap konsepsi pelajar tentang pembahagian sel. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Sarimah Kamrin & Shaharom Noordin. (2008). Tahap penguasaan pemikiran kritis murid sains tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 13 (10), 58-72. Scriven, M. dan Paul, R. W. (2004). Defining critical thinking. A statement for the national council for excellence in critical thinking instruction. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Santa Rosa, California. Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D. & Campbell, D.T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. Simon, N.A. (2013). Simulated and virtual science laboratory experiments: improving critical Sternberg, R. J. & Sternberg, K. (2012). Cognitive psychology. Ed. ke-6. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. thinking and higher-order learning skills. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northcentral University. Styron, R.A. 2014. Critical Thinking and Collaboration: A Strategy to Enhance Student Learning. Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics.12 (7):25-30. Torres, P.L. & Marriott R.C.V. (2010). Handbook of Research on Collaborative Learning Using Concept Mapping. Hershey, New York: Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global). Vacek J. (2009). Using a conceptual approach with concept mapping to promote critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education. 48(1): 45-8. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Walker, S. E. (2003). Active learning strategies to promote critical thinking. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(3), 263-267. Wheeler, L. A., & Collins, S. K. R. (2003). The influence of concept mapping on critical thinking in baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 19(6), 339–346. doi: 10.1016/S8755-7223(03)00134-0

Concept Mapping Plays Important Roles on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Science

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 , 1 - 9, 29.06.2020

Öz

The lack of students' critical thinking skills especially in Science can affect the Malaysia education system. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of Collaborative Concept Mapping (CCM) and Individual Concept Mapping (ICM) in improving students’ critical thinking skills in science subjects. This study used the quasi-experimental research design that involved 189 form one students from public secondary schools in Malaysia. The manipulated variable in this study is teaching approaches, which includes Collaborative Concept Mapping (CCM), Individual Concept Mapping (ICM) and conventional method (CM). Meanwhile, the dependent variable is students’ critical thinking skills in Science. Data was collected using critical thinking skills diagnostic tests and analysed using one-way ANOVA test. The one-way ANOVA indicated that the students in CCM group showed significantly higher level of critical thinking skills as compared to those in the ICM and CM groups. While, there is no significant difference in the level of critical thinking skills between students in ICM and CM groups. Therefore, CCM is effective in fostering students’ critical thinking skills compare to ICM and CM teaching approaches. CCM can be used as an alternative teaching approach in science classroom to enhance students’ critical thinking skills.

Kaynakça

  • Abdul Rahim Abdul Rashid. (1999). Kemahiran Berfikir Merentasi Kurikulum. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd. Akbariah Mohd. Mahdzir. (2009). Penerokaan ciri-ciri psikometrik instrumen pentaksiran pemikiran kraitis Malaysia (IPPKM) dan model pemikiran kritis Malaysia. Tesis Dr. Fal, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Anderson, L.W., Krathwohl, D.R., Airasian, P.W., Cruikshank, K.A., Mayer, R.E., Pintrich, P.R., Raths, J. & Wittrock, M.C. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon. Anderson, L.W. & Krathwohl, D.R. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Longman. Ausubel, D.P. (1968). Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Azizi Yahaya, Noordin Yahaya dan Zurihanmi Zakariya. (2005). Psikologi Kognitif. Skudai: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Barchok, K.H., Too, J.K. & Ngeno, K.J. (2013). Effect of collaborative concept mapping teaching strategy on students’ attitudes towards chemistry in selected secondary schools in kenya. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 2(2), 1-11. Basque, J. & Lavoie, M. C. (2006). Collaborative Concept Mapping in Education: Major Research Trends. In Canas A. J. & Novak J. D. (Eds.), Concept Maps: Theory, Methodology, Technology - Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Concept Mapping. San Jose, Costa Rica: Universidad de Costa Rica. Vol. 1: 79-86 Bekelesky G.M. (2015). Critical thinking development in undergraduate Dental Hygiene students. Disertasi Dr. Pendidikan (Ed.D), Grand Canyon University. Bixler, G. M., Brown, A., Way, D., Ledford, C., & Mahan, J. D. (2015). Collaborative concept mapping and critical thinking in fourth-year medical students. Clinical Pediatrics, 54(9), 833–839. Bloom, B.S. and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. NY, NY: Longmans, Green Boyd, K. (2001). Critical thinking tests and higher education research. Disertasi Ph.D. Georgia State University. Brookfield, S. D. (1989). Developing Critical Thinkers: Challenging Adults to Explore Alternative Ways of Thinking and Acting. San Francisco, Oxford: Jossey-Bass Publishers Burton, J. (2010). WHO Healthy Workplace Framework and Model: Background and Supporting Literature and Practices. http://www.who.int/occupational_health/healthy_workplace_framework.pdf. [16 April 2015] Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Chicago: Rand Mcnally. Cañas, A. J., Novak, J. D., & Reiska, P. (2015). How good is my concept map? Am I a good Cmapper? Knowledge Management & E-Learning (KM&EL), 7(1), 6–19. Cañas, A. J., Reiska, P., & Novak, J. D. (2016). Is my concept map large enough? In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Concept Mapping (Vol. 1). Berlin: Springer. Cañas, A. J., Reiska, P. & Möllits, A. (2017). Developing higher-order thinking skills with concept mapping: A case of pedagogic frailty. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 9(3), 348-365. Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quiasi- experimentation: design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally Creswell, J.W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Edisi ke-3. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Cherry, K. (2008). Hawthorne Effect. http://psychology.about.com/od/hindex/g/def_hawthorn.htm. [26 Disember 2015] Daley, B. J., Shaw, C. R., Balistrieri, T., Glasenapp, K., & Piacentine, L. (1999). Concept maps: A strategy to teach and evaluate critical thinking. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 27(1), 17-27. Dewey, J. (1933). How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Boston: D.C. Heath & Company. Dick, W. (1996). The Dick and Carey model: will it survive the decade? Educational Technology Research and Development, 44(3), 55-63. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02300425 Education Policy Planning and Research Division, Ministry of Education. (2016). Laporan TIMSS 2015-Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study. Kuala Lumpur. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. ISBN 978-983-3444-96-0 Effah Bte Moh @ Hj Abdullah, Othman Bin Lebar, Abd. Aziz B. Abd. Shukor, & Mohd. Uzi Bin Dollah. (2013). Kesan model konstruk pengetahuan berstruktur (KPB) terhadap anjakan sikap terhadap pembelajaran biologi pelajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia,3(2), (ISSN 2232-0393). Elder, L. & Paul. R. (2008). The Thinker’s Guide to Intellectual Standards. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Dillon Beach, California. Elder, L. & Paul. R. (2009a). The thinker’s guide to analytic thinking. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Dillon Beach, California. Elder, L. & Paul. R. (2009b). The aspiring thinker’s guide to critical thinking. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Dillon Beach, California. Fan Yan. (2015). Mapping students’ ideas about chemical reactions at different educational levels. Disertasi Ph.D. University of Arizona. Facione, P. A, 2011.Think Critically, Pearson Education: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Ghani, I. B. A., Yahaya, N. A., Ibrahim, N. H., Hasan, M. N., & Surif, J. (2017). Effects of concept mapping in laboratory learning activities to generate students’ higher order thinking skills in electrolysis. Advanced Science Letters, 23(4), 2779–2782. Gokhale, A. A. (1995). Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 1-5. Gray, N. (2014). Development of a concept exploration based teaching Methodology for undergraduate chemistry education. Disertasi Ph.D, Graduate Faculty, University of Alabama. Green, M. A. (2010). Evaluation of concept mapping as a strategy to enhance critical thinking. Science Master Thesis. Graduate School, Ball State University. Harris, D. (2008). A comparative study of the effect of collaborative problem-solving in Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG) on individual achievement. Disertasi Ph.D. University of San Francisco. Hawkins, D., Elder, L. & Paul, R. (2006). The thinker’s guide to clinical reasoning. Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, California. Higgins, S., Mercier, E., Burd, L., & Joyce-Gibbons, A. (2012). Multi-touch tables and collaborative learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(6), 1041–1054 Johanssen, D. H., Reeves, T., Hong, N., Harvey, D. & Peters, K. (1997). Concept mapping as cognitive learning and assessment tools. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 8(1), 289-308. Johnson. (2007). Contextual Teaching and Learning: Exciting Make Teaching and Learning Activities and Meaningful. Bandung, Indonesia: Mizan Learning Center. Kamisah Osman,Wahidin & Subahan Mohd Meerah. (2013). Concept mapping in Chemistry lessons: Tools for inculcating thinking skills in chemistry learning. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 12(5), 666-681. Khajavi, Y. & Ketabi, S. (2011). Influencing EFL learners’ reading comprehension and self-efficacy beliefs: The effect of concept mapping strategy. Porta Linguarum 17 (1): 9-27. Kinchin, I. M. (2014). Concept mapping as a learning tool in higher education: A critical analysis of recent reviews. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 62(1), 39–49. Lawson, A.E. (2001). Using the learning cycle to teach biology concepts and reasoning patterns. Journal of Biological Education, 35(4), 165-168. Leach, B.T. & Good, D.W. (2011). Critical Thinking Skills as Related to University Students Gender and Academic Discipline. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science. 1(21): 100-106. Marin, L.M. & Halpern, D. F. (2011). Pedagogy for developing critical thinking in adolescents: Explicit instruction produces greatest gains. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 6 (1), 1–13. McInerney, M., & Fink, L., D. (2003). Team-based learning enhances long-term retention and critical thinking in an undergraduate microbial physiology course. Microbiology Education. 4 (5): 3-12. Ministry of Education. (2011). Spesifikasi Kurikulum Sains Tingkatan 1. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2012). Membudayakan Kemahiran Berfikir. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2013). Pentaksiran Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2014). Kenyataan akhbar Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia berkaitan Pentaksiran Tingkatan 3 tahun 2014. http://www.Ministry of Education.gov.my/v/pemberitahuan-view?id=4547 [18 Disember 2015]. Ministry of Education. (2015). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Sains Tingkatan 1. Putrajaya. Ministry of Education. (2016). Sains Tingkatan 1. Shah Alam, Selangor: Karangkraf Network Snd. Bhd. Ministry of Housing and Local Government. (2001). Rangka Rancangan Jangka Panjang Ketiga (RRJP3) 2001-2010. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakkan Nasional Malaysia Berhad. Nirmala, T. & Shakuntala B. S. (2011). Concept mapping – An effective tool to promote critical thinking skills among nurses. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 1(04), 21-26. Novak, J. (1990). Concept mapping: A useful tool for Science education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(10), 937-949. Novak, J. (1993). How do we learn our lesson?. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 60(3), 50-55. Novak, J.D., & Cañas, A.J. (2004). Building on new constructivist ideas and CmapTools to create a new model for education. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Concept Mapping, 469-476. Novak, J. D., & Cañas, A. J. (2008). The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct and Use Them. Technical Report IHMC CmapTools 2006-01 Rev 01-2008. Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition. Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning How to Learn. New York and Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS Survival Manual. Edisi ke-4. Crows Nest NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin. Piaget, J. 1964. in Piaget, J. (1994). Cognitive Development in children: Piaget Development and Learning. Journal Research in Science Teaching. 1 (2): 176-186. Quitadamo I.J. (2002). Critical thinking in higher education: The influence of teaching styles and peer collaboration on science and math learning. Ph.D. Dissertation, Washington State University. Richbourg, J.A. (2015). Concept Mapping as a Tool for Enhancing Self-Paced Learning in a Distance Scenario. Ph.D. Dissertation, Walden University. Roop, K.M. (2002). Effect of Concept Mapping as a Learning Strategy on Certificate Practical Nursing Students’ Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking Development. Ed.D. Dissertation, Wilmington College. Rosen, Y., & Tager, M. (2014). Making student thinking visible through a concept map in computer-based assessment of critical thinking. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 50(2), 249–270. Sadiah Bharom. (2008). Kesan paduan kitar pembelajaran dan pemetaan konsep terhadap konsepsi pelajar tentang pembahagian sel. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Sarimah Kamrin & Shaharom Noordin. (2008). Tahap penguasaan pemikiran kritis murid sains tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 13 (10), 58-72. Scriven, M. dan Paul, R. W. (2004). Defining critical thinking. A statement for the national council for excellence in critical thinking instruction. Foundation for Critical Thinking. Santa Rosa, California. Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D. & Campbell, D.T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. Simon, N.A. (2013). Simulated and virtual science laboratory experiments: improving critical Sternberg, R. J. & Sternberg, K. (2012). Cognitive psychology. Ed. ke-6. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. thinking and higher-order learning skills. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northcentral University. Styron, R.A. 2014. Critical Thinking and Collaboration: A Strategy to Enhance Student Learning. Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics.12 (7):25-30. Torres, P.L. & Marriott R.C.V. (2010). Handbook of Research on Collaborative Learning Using Concept Mapping. Hershey, New York: Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global). Vacek J. (2009). Using a conceptual approach with concept mapping to promote critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education. 48(1): 45-8. Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Walker, S. E. (2003). Active learning strategies to promote critical thinking. Journal of Athletic Training, 38(3), 263-267. Wheeler, L. A., & Collins, S. K. R. (2003). The influence of concept mapping on critical thinking in baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Professional Nursing, 19(6), 339–346. doi: 10.1016/S8755-7223(03)00134-0
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Fatin Azhana Abd Azız Bu kişi benim

Lilia Halım Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Azız, F. A. A., & Halım, L. (2020). Concept Mapping Plays Important Roles on Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Science. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences, 17, 1-9.