Covid-19 Dönemi Konaklama Tesisi Etkinlik ve Verimlilikleri: Kapadokya/Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Karlılığı doğrudan etkileyen konaklama tesisleri performansları, tesislerin sürdürülebilir gelişimi için pek çok boyutta düzenli olarak ölçülmeli ve takip edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada, Kapadokya/Türkiye'de bulunan 88 hotelin etkinlikleri ölçülmüştür. 2020 yılı COVID-19 döneminde faaliyet gösteren tesislerin etkinlik ve verimlilikleri, dört girdi ve beş çıktı yardımı ile veri zarflama analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu tesislerin %83’ü (73 otel) oda sayısı 20 veya daha az sayıda olan küçük otellerden oluşmaktadır. Tesis etkinlikleri, ölçeğe göre sabit, ölçeğe göre değişken ve ölçek etkinlikleri bazında, girdi odaklı veri zarflama analizi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, tesis ölçeği büyüdükçe, tesis klasik verimliliğinin düştüğünü göstermektedir. Ayrıca düşük verime sebep olan en önemli değişkenlerden birisinin oda başı gelir kriterinin olduğu görülmüştür. Etkinlikte ise, seyahat acenteleri ile yoğun çalışan tesislerin daha düşük performans gösterdiği bulgusu ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etkinlik
• Konaklama İşletmeleri
• Kapadokya
• Otel Performansı

Efficiency and Effectiveness of the Hotels in the Covid-19 Period: Evidence from Cappadocia in Türkiye

Öz

Performance of the accommodation facilities should be measured and monitored periodically for sustainability in many dimensions which have potential to affect profitability directly. In this study, efficiencies of 88 hotels from Cappadocia/Türkiye are measured via data envelopment analysis. Four inputs and five outputs are considered to measure efficiencies and effectiveness in 2020 during the COVID-19 period. The data are collected via phone calls, hotels’ web pages and Tripadvisor in 2020. 83% of these hotels (73 hotels) are small-sized hotels which have equal or less than 20 rooms. Constant return to scale, variable return to scale and scale efficiencies of hotels are exposed via input-oriented data envelopment analysis. The findings show that facilities which have higher scale had lower classical efficiency. Additionally, it is observed that one of the main reasons for the inefficiency is revenue per available room. In terms of effectiveness, hotels working with travel agencies had a lower performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hospitality
• Hotel Performance
• Cappadocia
• Efficiency

Kaynakça

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