Mevduat Bankalarının Performansında Ölçek Faktörü - Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı ölçek faktörünün banka performansı ile ilişkisini sorgulamaktır. Ekonomideki bazı sektörlerde ölçek avantajının ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Literatürde banka performans analizi yapılırken örneklemin homojen olmasını sağlayan ölçeklendirmenin yapıldığı ve her bir grup için ayrı analizin sağlandığı az sayıda çalışmanın olması, bu çalışmanın farkını oluşturmaktadır. Bankacılık sektöründe ölçeğin avantaj yaratıp yaratmadığı konusu; kaynakların etkin kullanımı ve maliyet avantajı açısından önemlidir. Bu çerçevede Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren mevduat bankalarının 2012Q4-2020Q3 dönemi performansına ölçek büyüklüğünün etkisinin incelenebilmesi için bankalar öncelikle ölçeklerine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Büyük, orta ve küçük ölçekli bankalar olarak 3 kümeye ayrılarak; büyük ve orta ölçekli 7 adet ve küçük ölçekli banka için ise 13 adet şeklinde iki farklı panel analiz yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak ulaşılan bulgular, ticari bankaların analizinde ölçek yapısına göre içsel değişkenlerin ve makro ekonomik değişkenlerin banka performansını açıklayıcı gücü yüksek ve anlamlı bileşenleri olduğu, bankaların kârlılık performanslarında önem arz ettiğini göstermektedir. Seçilen açıklayıcı değişkenlerin, ticari bankaların Büyük, Orta ve Küçük Ölçekli Bankalar olarak daha homojen gruplar olarak ele alındığında da anlamlı ve güçlü tahmin ediciler oldukları görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mevduat Bankaları
• Banka Performansı
• Kümeleme Analizi

Scale Factor in the Performance of Deposit Banks – The Turkey Case

Öz

The objective of this research was to clarify how the scale factor and bank performance relate to one another. It was observed that the benefit of scale emerged in various economic areas. In terms of efficient resource usage and cost advantage, the banking industry must determine if scale creates an advantage or not. Because banks’ financial services are strongly linked to the expansion of the economy. In this framework, banks were divided into three clusters as large-, medium-, and small-scaled banks and analyzed as two different panels, consisting of 7 large- and medium-scaled banks and 13 small-scaled banks, to explicate the factors influencing the performance of deposit banks between 2012:Q4-2020:Q3. As a result, the study’s findings showed that internal and macroeconomic variables, which were significant components regarding the scale structure of the banks’ performance, had a high explanatory power in the analysis of commercial banks and were crucial to the profitability of the banks. Even when deposit banks were categorized as Large-, Medium-, and Small-Scaled Banks, the chosen explanatory variables were significant and strong estimators.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deposit Banks
• Bank Performance
• Cluster Analysis

Kaynakça

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