Are Political Stability and Democracy Effective on Financial Development? Evidence from Sub-Saharan African Countries

Öz

The interaction between institutional phenomena such as political stability and democracy and the financial system is an important issue that has been researched for many years. Political instability and acts of terrorism are some of the important problems faced by sub-Saharan African countries. For this reason, in this study, the effects of political stability and democracy on the financial system in Sub-Saharan African countries during the period from 2002 to 2019 are investigated. In the study, in which the Two-Stage System Generalized Moments Method estimator was used, the dependent variable is the financial institutions development index. The explanatory variables of the study are the indicators of political stability and democracy. The control variables are the growth in GDP per capita, trade openness, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, and urban population ratio. The analyses display that democracy and political stability have positive effects on financial development. In terms of control variables, while the inflation rate has a negative effect on financial development, economic growth and trade openness affect financial development positively. In light of the findings, it is recommended that policymakers in Sub-Saharan African countries make arrangements to ensure political stability and increase the level of democracy to ensure financial development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Politic Stability
• Democracy
• Financial Development

Politik İstikrar ve Demokrasi Finansal Gelişme Üzerinde Etkili mi? Sahra-Altı Afrika Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar

Öz

Politik istikrar ve demokrasi gibi kurumsal olgular ile finansal sistem arasındaki etkileşim, uzun yıllardır araştırılan önemli bir konudur. Politik istikrarsızlık ve terör eylemleri Sahra altı Afrika ülkelerinin yaşadığı önemli sorunlardan birkaçıdır. Bu sebeple çalışmada 2002-2019 döneminde Sahra-altı Afrika ülkelerinde politik istikrarın ve demokrasinin finansal sistemin gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. İki Aşamalı Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu tahmincisinin kullanıldığı çalışmada bağımlı değişken, finansal kurumlar gelişme endeksidir. Çalışmanın açıklayıcı değişkenleri, politik istikrar ve demokrasi göstergeleridir. Kişi başına GSYİH’deki büyüme, ticari açıklık, enflasyon oranı, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve kentsel nüfus oranı ise kontrol değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler, demokrasi ve politik istikrarın finansal gelişme üzerinde pozitif etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kontrol değişkenleri açısından; enflasyon oranı finansal gelişme üzerinde negatif etkili olmakta iken gelirdeki artış ve ticari açıklık finansal gelişmeyi pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, Sahra altı Afrika ülkelerindeki politika yapıcılara, finansal gelişmeyi sağlamak için, politik istikrarı sağlayıcı ve demokrasi düzeyini arttırıcı düzenlemeler yapmaları tavsiye edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Politik İstikrar
• Kurumsal Ortam
• Finansal Gelişme

Kaynakça

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