Taşımacılık Sektöründe İklim Değişikliğine Karşı Teknoloji Yönlü Mücadele: Ampirik Bir İnceleme

Öz

Ulaştırma sektörü, sera gazı emisyonlarının (GHG) en yüksek olduğu ve dolayısıyla küresel ısınma sorununun büyümesine neden olan en önemli sektörlerden biridir. Bu sorunun en etkili ve küresel çözümünün teknoloji odaklı mücadele olduğu düşünülmekte ve yeşil teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi küresel otoriteler tarafından teşvik edilmektedir. Bu çalışma, ulaştırma sektöründe küresel ısınmaya karşı teknoloji odaklı mücadelenin başarısını ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analiz için 12 OECD ülkesinin 1999-2017 yılları arasındaki ulaştırma kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonları, patent sayısı (ulaşımla ilgili iklim değişikliğini azaltma teknolojileri), ticari açıklık ve kişi başına düşen GSYİH verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede değişkenler arasındaki uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yatay kesit otoregresif dağıtılmış gecikme tahmincisi (cross‐sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag – CS ARDL) ve ek olarak Ortalama Grup (Mean Group MG), Artırılmış Ortalama Grup (Augmented Mean Group -AMG) ve Ortak İlişkili Etkiler Ortalama Grup Tahmin Edicileri (Common Correlated Effects-CCE) kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan tüm tahmin edicilerin bulgularına göre, patent sayıları ve ticari açıklığın sera gazı emisyonlarını etkilediğine dair herhangi bir kanıt bulunamamış, fakat GSYİH'nın sera gazı emisyonlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ulaştırma sektöründe iklim değişikliğine karşı teknoloji yönlü mücadelenin, ulaşım kaynaklı GHG emisyonlarını azaltmada tek başına yeterli olamadığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ulaştırma Sektörü
• İklim Değişikliğinin Azaltılması
• Yenilik
• Patent

Technology Oriented Struggle Against Climate Change in Transportation Sector: An Empirical Investigation

Öz

The transportation sector is one of the most important sectors in which greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are the highest, thus causing the global warming problem to rise. One of the most effective and international solutions to this problem is considered to be a technology-oriented struggle, and the development of green technologies is encouraged by global authorities. The study aims to investigate the success of the technology-oriented struggle against global warming in the transport sector. In analyses, data on transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions, the number of patents (transport-related climate change mitigation technologies), trade openness, and GDP per capita of 12 OECD countries years between 1999-2017 were used. To identify the long-run and short-run relationship among variables, the Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lags Estimator (CSARDL) and also the Mean Group (MG), Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group Estimators (CCE) were applied. According to the estimators' findings, no evidence was found that the number of patents and trade openness affected greenhouse gas emissions, but it was determined that GDP positively affected greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, it can be said that the technology-oriented struggle against climate change in the transportation sector alone isn't sufficient to reduce transportation-related GHG emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transportation Sector
• Climate Change Mitigation
• Innovation
• Patent

Kaynakça

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