Dijitaleşme Çağında Robotların ve Robotik Süreç Otomasyonunun Ekonomik Etkileri

Öz

Teknolojik değişme, ekonomik büyüme sürecinin arkasındaki temel güçtür. Robotik süreç otomasyonu ve robotlar, daha önce ortaya çıkan buhar teknolojisinin ve elektrik enerjisinin yarattığı etkiler kadar ekonomik büyüme sürecine önemli katkı yapabilecek yeniliklerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, robotların ve robotik süreç otomasyonun ekonomide yarattığı değişimleri açıklamak ve ileride sahip olacakları potansiyeli tartışmaktır. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak, robotların ve robotik süreç otomasyonun ekonomide yarattığı değişimler açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, robotların ve robotik süreç otomasyonun emek üretkenliği, istihdam, işlerin niteliği, yatırımlar, hizmetler sektörü gibi alanlarda yarattığı dönüşümler ve gelecek dönemde yaratabilecekleri etkiler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ikinci olarak, robotik süreç otomasyonun yarattığı etkiler, örnek bankanın ticari kredi tahsis ve fatura ödeme süreçleri üzerinden gösterilmiştir. Her iki süreçte de robotik süreç otomasyonu kullanılması, üretkenlik artışına neden olmuştur. Bu süreçlerde robotik süreç otomasyonundan faydalanılması, istihdam kaybına sebep olmamıştır. Ticari kredi tahsis ve fatura ödeme süreçlerinde robotik süreç otomasyonundan yararlanılması sonucunda çalışanlar, rutin manuel ve tekrarlı işleri yapmayı bırakmışlar, katma değeri daha yüksek olan faaliyetlere daha fazla zaman ayırma imkanına kavuşmuşlardır. Robotik süreç otomasyonu, bütün bu kazanımları diğer bankacılık uygulamaları ile karşılaştırıldığında oldukça düşük yatırım maliyeti ile gerçekleştirmiştir. Yarattığı bütün bu etkiler sayesinde robotik süreç otomasyonu, örnek bankada önemli değişim yaratmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Robotlar
• Robotik Süreç Otomasyonu
• İnovasyon
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Yapısal Dönüşüm

Economic Impacts of Robots and Robotic Process Automation in the Age of Digitalization

Öz

Technological change is the fundamental force behind the process of economic growth. Robotic process automation and robots are innovations that can make a significant contribution to the economic growth process, such as previously emerged steam technology and electrical energy. The aim of this study is to explain the changes that are created by robots and robotic process automation in the economy and to discuss the potential they will have in the future. In this study, firstly, the changes created by robots and robotic process automation in the economy have been attempted to be explained. Within this framework, the transformations and potential future impacts of robots and robotic process automation on labor productivity, employment, the nature of jobs, investments, and the services sector have been examined. Secondly, the effects of robotic process automation are demonstrated through the commercial loan allocation and bill payment processes of the sample bank. The use of robotic process automation in both processes has caused productivity increase. Using robotic process automation in these processes did not cause employment loss. As a result of utilizing robotic process automation in commercial loan allocation and bill payment processes, employees stopped doing routine, manual, and repetitive tasks and had the opportunity to spend more time on activities with higher added value. Robotic process automation has achieved all these gains with a very low investment cost compared to other banking applications. Thanks to all these effects, robotic process automation has created a significant change in the sample bank.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Robots
• Robotic Process Automation
• Innovation
• Economic Growth
• Structural Change

Kaynakça

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