MIST Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi: Panel ARDL Analizi

Öz

Ekonomik kalkınma ve gelir dağılımı, ekonomide merkezi konulardır ve aralarındaki ilişki sürdürülebilir kalkınma için kritik öneme sahiptir. Gelir dağılımındaki dengesizlikler ekonomik büyümeyi yavaşlatabilir ve toplumsal refahı azaltabilir. Bu nedenle, kalkınma politikaları sadece büyümeye değil aynı zamanda adil gelir dağılımına da öncelik vermelidir. Dengeli bir gelir dağılımı toplumsal kabulü artırır ve kalkınmanın sürdürülebilirliğini sağlar. Bu çalışma, ekonomist Jim O'Neill tarafından sınıflandırılan MIST ülkelerinde (Meksika, Endonezya, Güney Kore ve Türkiye) 1990-2022 yılları arasında ekonomik kalkınma ve gelir dağılımı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Panel ARDL modeli kullanılarak elde edilen bulgular, ekonomik kalkınmanın gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığını göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, teknolojik ilerlemenin bir göstergesi olan sanayileşme, eşitsizliği artırma eğilimindedir. Bu görüşler önemli politika çıkarımlarına sahiptir. Gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmak için MIST ülkeleri ekonomik kalkınmanın üç ayağına vurgu yapmalıdır: eğitim, sağlık ve büyüme. Politika yapıcılar sanayileşme stratejilerini yeniden değerlendirmeli, eşitsizliği ele alırken yenilenebilir enerjiyi teşvik etmelidir. Yenilenemeyen sektörlere yönelik sübvansiyonlar ve vasıfsız işgücüne yönelik mesleki eğitimin iyileştirilmesi, teknolojik ilerlemelerin yarattığı ikili ekonomik yapıyı azaltabilir. Hükümetler mesleki programlar ve oryantasyon girişimleri uygulayarak sanayileşmenin vasıfsız işçiler üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini sınırlayabilir ve daha adil bir büyüme sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekonomik Kalkınma
• Gelir Dağılımı
• Panel ARDL Model

The Linkage between Economic Development and Income Distribution in MIST Countries: Panel ARDL Analysis

Öz

Economic development and income distribution are central issues in economics, with their relationship being critical for sustainable development. Imbalances in income distribution can slow economic growth and reduce societal welfare. Thus, development policies should prioritize not just growth but also equitable income distribution. A balanced income distribution enhances social acceptance and ensures the sustainability of development. This study examines the relationship between economic development and income distribution in MIST countries (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, and Turkey) from 1990 to 2022, as classified by economist Jim O’Neill. Using a panel ARDL model, the findings show that economic development reduces income inequality. However, industrialization, a marker of technological progress, tends to increase inequality. These insights have significant policy implications. To mitigate income inequality, MIST countries should emphasize the three pillars of economic development: education, health, and growth. Policymakers must reassess industrialization strategies, promoting renewable energy while addressing inequality. Subsidies to non-renewable sectors and improved vocational training for unskilled labor can reduce the dual economic structure created by technological advancements. By implementing vocational programs and orientation initiatives, governments can limit the adverse effects of industrialization on unskilled workers, ensuring more equitable growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Economic Development
• Income Distribution
• Panel ARDL Model

Kaynakça

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