Yolsuzluk Algısı, Finansal Gizlilik ve Küreselleşme: 19 Avrupa Ülkesi̇ Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışma, yolsuzluk ile finansal gizlilik arasındaki ilişkinin yanı sıra ülkelerin finansal gelişmişliklerinin, kara para aklama seviyelerinin ve küreselleşme seviyelerinin de yolsuzluğa etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmada zaman serisi eksiksiz verilerine ulaşılabilen 19 Avrupa ülkesinin (Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Cyprus, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal ve Sweden) 2011-2022 dönemlerindeki yolsuzluk algıları endeksi ile finansal gizlilik endeksi, finansal gelişim endeksi, kara parayı aklamayı önleme endeksi ve küreselleşme endeksi arasındaki ilişkiler panel veri analizine özgü olan Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler (System Generalized Method of Moments) yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma bulguları, finansal gizlilik (FG) ve kara para aklama ile mücadele (KPA) değişkenlerinin yolsuzluk algısını (YAE) istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönde etkilediği, Küreselleşme (KE) değişkeni ise YAE üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, finansal gelişme (FGE) değişkeninin YAE üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı ve bağımlı değişkenin gecikmeli değeri de YAE’yi azaltıcı yönde etkileyerek yolsuzluk algısında azalma eğiliminde olduğu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Gizlilik
• Yolsuzluk
• Küreselleşme
• Kara Para Aklama
• Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler

Corruption Perception, Financial Secrecy, and Globalization: An Empirical Analysis of 19 European Countries

Öz

This study aims to examine the relationship between corruption and financial secrecy as well as the effects of countries' financial development, money laundering, and globalization levels on corruption. The study analyses the relationship between the corruption perceptions index and the financial secrecy index, financial development index, anti-money laundering index and globalization index of 19 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Cyprus, Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden) for the period 2011-2022, for which complete time series data are available, using the System Generalized Method of Moments, which is specific to panel data analysis. The findings of the study show that financial secrecy (FG) and anti-money laundering (AML) variables have a statistically significant and negative effect on corruption perception (CPI), while the globalization (G) variable has a positive and significant effect on CPI. However, the financial development (FGE) variable does not have a significant effect on CPI, and the lagged value of the dependent variable tends to decrease in the perception of corruption by affecting the CPI in a decreasing direction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Secrecy
• Corruption
• Globalization
• Money Laundering
• System Generalized Moments

Kaynakça

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