Sürdürülebilirlik İçin Finans: Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarında Finansal Gelişmenin Rolünün İncelenmesi

Öz

Finansal sistemlerin Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarına ulaşmadaki ve iklim değişikliği ile eşitsizlik gibi küresel sorunlarla mücadeledeki rolü giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kapsamlı endeksler ve makro düzeydeki panel verilerini kullanarak bu ilişkiyi inceleyen çalışmalar sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, 2000-2021 yılları arasında 132 ülkeyi kapsayan geniş bir panel veri setini kullanarak finansal gelişme ile sürdürülebilir kalkınma arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Analizde, Uluslararası Para Fonu’nun çok boyutlu Finansal Gelişmişlik Endeksi ve Birleşmiş Milletler’in Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları Endeksi kullanılmış; yatay kesit bağımlılığını ve eğim heterojenliğini dikkate alan Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (Augmented Mean Group) tahmincisi uygulanmıştır. Ampirik sonuçlar, finansal gelişmişliğin, ekonomik büyümenin ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Buna karşılık, ticaretin açıklığı ve brüt sermaye oluşumu sürdürülebilirlikle negatif bir ilişki sergilemektedir. Bu bulgular, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçlarına ulaşmak için finansal sistemlerin güçlendirilmesi ve çevre dostu yatırımların teşvik edilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu bulgular çevre politikaları desteklenmeden ticaretin ve sermaye yatırımlarının genişletilmesinin, kirlilik cennetleri gibi sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olabileceği konusunda önemli bir uyarı niteliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Finansal Gelişme
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Ticari Açıklık

Finance For Sustainability: Examining the role of Financial Development in Sustainable Development Goals

Öz

The role of financial systems in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and addressing global challenges such as climate change and inequality is increasingly important. However, studies examining this relationship using comprehensive indices and macro-level panel data remain limited. This study aims to examine the relationship between financial development and sustainable development using a large panel dataset covering 132 countries from 2000 to 2021. The analysis employs the International Monetary Fund’s multidimensional Financial Development Index and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals Index, applying the Augmented Mean Group estimator to account for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. Empirical results indicate that financial development, economic growth, and renewable energy consumption positively affect sustainable development. In contrast, trade openness and gross capital formation exhibit a negative relationship with sustainability. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen financial systems and promote environmentally friendly investments to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Moreover, they provide a crucial warning that, without supporting environmental policies, expanded trade and capital investments may have adverse effects on sustainability, such as the creation of pollution havens.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Financial Development
• Sustainable Development
• Renewable Energy
• Trade Openness

Kaynakça

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