The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Türkiye’s Economic Growth
Öz
This study examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Türkiye using an annual macroeconometric framework that explicitly accounts for timing, policy-regime dependence, and transmission channels. The empirical design is motivated by the view that FDI effects are not uniform across long historical periods and may emerge with lags rather than contemporaneously. Using World Development Indicators data for 1980 to 2024, the paper estimates a dynamic growth specification for real GDP per capita growth with lagged FDI, standard macroeconomic controls, crisis controls, and an interaction term that tests whether the growth effect of FDI changed in the post-2002 policy regime. To complement the baseline growth equation, the analysis also estimates channel equations that examine whether FDI is associated with domestic investment intensity and export-side technological upgrading. The results indicate that the growth contribution of FDI in Türkiye is regime sensitive and better captured in a dynamic framework than in a static average-effect specification. The evidence is consistent with delayed FDI effects and stronger transmission in the post-restructuring period. Channel results further suggest that part of FDI’s macroeconomic relevance operates through investment formation and technology-related export composition, rather than solely through a direct contemporaneous effect on growth.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Acaravcı, A. and Akyol, M. (2017). Türkiye’de doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, dış ticaret ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi, 3(1), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.303595
- Akaike, H. (1974). A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19(6), 716-723. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705
- Alagöz, M., Erdoğan, S. and Topallı, N. (2008). Doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme: Türkiye deneyimi 1992-2007. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 79-89. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jss
- Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S. and Sayek, S. (2004). FDI and economic growth: The role of local financial markets. Journal of International Economics, 64(1), 89-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(03)00081-3
- Balasubramanyam, V.N., Salisu, M. and Sapsford, D. (1996). Foreign direct investment and growth in EP and IS countries. The Economic Journal, 106(434), 92-105. https://doi.org/10.2307/2234933
- Bayraktutan, Y. and Tarı Özgür, M. (2017). Foreign direct investments and economic growth: How well does the technology channel work in Turkey? International Review of Economics and Management, 4(4), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.18825/iremjournal.271040
- Borensztein, E., De Gregorio, J. and Lee, J.-W. (1998). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? Journal of International Economics, 45(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00033-0
- Carkovic, M. and Levine, R. (2005). Does foreign direct investment accelerate economic growth? In T. H. Moran, E. M. Graham, and M. Blomström (Eds.), Does foreign direct investment promote development? (pp. 195-220). Massachusetts: Institute for International Economics.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Zaman Serileri Analizi, Büyüme, Uluslararası İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Yayımlanma Tarihi
30 Eylül 2026
Gönderilme Tarihi
25 Şubat 2026
Kabul Tarihi
14 Temmuz 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2026 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3