Bosna-Hersek ve Sırbistan’da Euroseptisizm: Batı Balkanlarda Avrupa Birliği’ne Bakış

Öz

Günümüzde, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Güney Doğu Avrupa genişlenesinin bir adımı olarak Sırbistan’ın ve Bosna-Hersek’in potansiyel adaylıktan üyeliğe geçiş süreci yaşanmaktadır. Ancak adaylık sürecinin önünde; Yugoslavya’nın dağılmasının ardından ülkelere kalan kurumsal miras, Dayton Antlaşması ile birlikte kurulan çok taraflı yönetim şekli, merkez-çevre ilişkisi bakımın belirgin farklılıklar ve etnik kimliklerin direnci gibi çekirdek sorunlar bulunmaktadır. Ek olarak; yönetimsel, ekonomik, toplumsal açıdan AB müktesebatıyla ilgili olarak yaşanan sorunlar belirtilebilir. Tüm bu nedenler, Sırbistan’da ve Bosna Hersek’te Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik süreci ile ilgili olarak şüpheyi beslemektedir. Bu noktada yoğunlukları farklılık gösterse de bu iki ülkede Euroseptisizm, Avrupa Birliği’nin ekonomik, sosyal ve kimlik politikalarının karşısında tepkisel olarak sistemde kendisine yer bulmaktadır. Euroseptisizm kavramının farklı türleri olmasına rağmen muhalefet fikrini ortak duygu olarak taşımaktadır. Sırbistan’da ve Bosna Hersek’te Doğu Avrupa Parti sistemlerinin nitelikleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bosna-Hersek açısından AB’ye entegrasyon süresi daha ılımlı ilerlerken yaşanan ‘hayal kırıklıkları’ Euroseptik görüşlerin ağırlık kazanmasına neden olmuştur. Sırbistan’da ise başından beri radikal grupların etkinliği net şekilde üyelik sürecini zora sokmaktadır. Her iki örnek ülke için de parti temelli Euroseptik görüşlerin önemli kitlesel temsilleri bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sırbistan,Bosna Hersek,Euroseptisizm,Siyasi Partiler,Batı Balkanlar

Euroscepticism in the Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia: Look at the European Union in the Western Balkans

Öz

Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina are in the process of transition from potential candidate to a member of the European Union (EU) as a step in enlargement towards Western Balkans. However, there are important problems with the historical, cultural and institutional aspects in the context of the candidate process. These problems raise euroscepticism in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina with regard to the European Union membership process. In this framework, in study, firstly euroscepticism concept and basic problems in the EU integration in these countries are dealt with. In next chapter, party-based euroscepticism of both countries is examined. While Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU integration process is progress temperately, the 'frustrations' that have taken place have caused the euroseptic views to gain weight. In Serbia, the effectiveness of radical groups has been clearly pushing the membership process from the beginning. For both example countries, there are important mass representations of euroseptic views based on political parties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Serbia,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Euroscepticism,Political Parties,Western Balkans

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