Yedek İşgücü Olarak Kadın Emeği: Türkiye Örneği, 1988-2013

Öz

Bu çalışmada “endüstriyel yedek iş gücü” nde kadın istihdamının rolü 1988-2013 yılları arasında Türkiye örneği üzerinden incelenecektir. İlişkiyi sektörel boyutta inceleyen literatürdeki diğer çalışmaların aksine bu çalışmada öncelikle demografik kategoriler ele alınmış, daha sonra ise yedek işgücü ordusunun alternatif kullanımı ve Türkiye’de kadın istihdamının mevcut durumu sunulmuştur. Çalışmada kadın istihdamının toplam istihdama göre daha dalgalı olup olmadığını tespit etmek için Basit En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, kadın istihdamının bazı kategorileri toplam istihdamdan daha dalgalı bulunmuş ve demografik kategoriler daha anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bu olgu Türkiye’de kadının proleterleşmesinin önünde evlilik kurumu, yarı-zamanlı kadın istihdamı, üretimdeki sahiplik ve düşük eğitim seviyeleri gibi güçlü temel engeller olduğunu göstermektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadın İstihdamı,Marksçı İktisat,Yedek İşgücü

Female Employment as a Reserve Army of Labor: Case of Turkey, 1988-2013

Öz

This work considers the role of female employment in the “industrial reserve army of labor” on the base of Turkish experience between 1988 and 2013. Unlike previous studies in which the relationship is investigated at the sectoral level, this study initially considers demographic categories and illustrates alternative utilization from reserve army of labor and the current status of female employment in Turkey accordingly. To this end, Ordinary Least Squares Method (OLS) is employed in order to detect whether female employment has higher volatility than total employment. According to the empirical results, some categories of female employment are more volatile than total employment and demographical categories are found to be more significant than production related categories. This fact shows that there are strong fundamental obstacles such as marriage institution, part-time female employment, ownership in production and lower education levels, which constraint female proletarianization in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• female employment,Marxian Economics,Reserve Army of Labor

Kaynakça

1. Beechey, Veronica. "Some Notes on Female Wage Labour in Capitalist Production."Capital & Class 1.3 (1977): 45-66. Web.
2. Benston, Margaret. "The Political Economy of Women's Liberation."Monthly Review 21.4 (1969): 13-27. Web.
3. Bruegel, Irene. "Women as a Reserve Army of Labour: A Note on Recent British Experience." Feminist Review 3 (1979): 12-23. Web.
4. Craig, Christine, Elizabeth Garnsey, and Jill Rubery.Payment Structures and Smaller Firms: Women's Employment in Segmented Labour Markets. London: Dep. of Employment, 1985. Print.
5. Elder, Sara, and Andrea Smith.Women in Labour Markets: Measuring Progress and Identifying Challenges. Geneva: International Labour Office, 2010. Print.
6. Humphries, J. "The 'Emancipation' of Women in the 1970s and 1980s: From the Latent to the Floating." Capital & Class 7.2 (1983): 6-28. Web.
7. International Labor Organization (2010) Women in labour markets: Measuring progress and identifying challenges. Geneva: International Labor Organization
8. Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels.Capital; a Critique of Political Economy. New York: International, 1967. Print.

9. Power, M. "From Home Production to Wage Labor: Women as a Reserve Army of Labor." Review of Radical Political Economics 15.1 (1983): 71-91. Web