Bosna-Hersek ve Sırbistan’da Euroseptisizm: Batı Balkanlarda Avrupa Birliği’ne Bakış

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 20 - 35, 19.07.2017

Akın Sağıroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.311870

Öz

Günümüzde, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) Güney Doğu Avrupa genişlenesinin bir
adımı olarak Sırbistan’ın ve Bosna-Hersek’in potansiyel adaylıktan üyeliğe
geçiş süreci yaşanmaktadır. Ancak adaylık sürecinin önünde; Yugoslavya’nın
dağılmasının ardından ülkelere kalan kurumsal miras, Dayton Antlaşması ile
birlikte kurulan çok taraflı yönetim şekli, merkez-çevre ilişkisi bakımın
belirgin farklılıklar ve etnik kimliklerin direnci gibi çekirdek sorunlar
bulunmaktadır. Ek olarak; yönetimsel, ekonomik, toplumsal açıdan AB
müktesebatıyla ilgili olarak yaşanan sorunlar belirtilebilir. Tüm bu nedenler,
Sırbistan’da ve Bosna Hersek’te Avrupa Birliği’ne üyelik süreci ile ilgili
olarak şüpheyi beslemektedir. Bu noktada yoğunlukları farklılık gösterse de bu
iki ülkede Euroseptisizm, Avrupa Birliği’nin ekonomik, sosyal ve kimlik
politikalarının karşısında tepkisel olarak sistemde kendisine yer bulmaktadır.
Euroseptisizm kavramının farklı türleri olmasına rağmen muhalefet fikrini ortak
duygu olarak taşımaktadır. Sırbistan’da ve Bosna Hersek’te Doğu Avrupa Parti
sistemlerinin nitelikleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bosna-Hersek açısından AB’ye
entegrasyon süresi daha ılımlı ilerlerken yaşanan ‘hayal kırıklıkları’
Euroseptik görüşlerin ağırlık kazanmasına neden olmuştur. Sırbistan’da ise
başından beri radikal grupların etkinliği net şekilde üyelik sürecini zora
sokmaktadır. Her iki örnek ülke için de parti temelli Euroseptik görüşlerin
önemli kitlesel temsilleri bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sırbistan, Bosna Hersek, Euroseptisizm, Siyasi Partiler, Batı Balkanlar

Euroscepticism in the Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia: Look at the European Union in the Western Balkans

Öz

Serbia and Bosnia and
Herzegovina are in the process of transition from potential candidate to a
member of the European Union (EU) as a step in enlargement towards Western
Balkans. However, there are important problems with the historical, cultural
and institutional aspects in the context of the candidate process. These
problems raise euroscepticism in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina with regard
to the European Union membership process. In this framework, in study, firstly
euroscepticism concept and basic problems in the EU integration in these
countries are dealt with. In next chapter, party-based euroscepticism of both
countries is examined. While Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU integration process is
progress temperately, the 'frustrations' that have taken place have
caused the euroseptic views to gain weight. In Serbia, the effectiveness of radical groups has been clearly
pushing the membership process from the beginning. For both example countries,
there are important mass representations of euroseptic views based on political
parties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Euroscepticism, Political Parties, Western Balkans

Kaynakça

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