Arcobacter spp. in Chicken Meat: Isolation, Identification, Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Typing

Öz

In this study; the isolation and identification of Arcobacter spp from chicken meat samples sold in Kayseri province and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility and molecular typing of the obtained isolates were aimed. For this purpose, a total of 100 chicken meat samples collected from chicken meat sales points were used as material. Pre- enrichment and membrane filtration methods were used for the isolation of Arcobacter spp. For the identification of the obtained Arcobacter spp, isolates were performed by means of phenotype tests and multiplex Polymerase Chain Reac- tion (m PCR). The disk diffusion test method was used to determine the susceptibility of Arcobacter spp. isolates to erythromycin, azithromycin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, streptomycin, neomycin antibiotics. For genotyping Arcobacter spp. Isolates were performed with Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR). In this study, 23 (23%) of 100 chicken meat samples collected as a result of the isolation process were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. As a result of the molecular identification tests, 3 of 23 Arcobacter spp. isolates were identified as Arcobacter cryaer- ophilus and 20 isolates were as Arcobacter butzleri. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 12 (52.17%) of Arcobac- ter spp isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 13 (56.52%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 20 (86.95%) to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin, 8 (86.95%) to enrofloxacin, 2 (8.69%) to tetracycline, 5 (21.73%) to streptomycin, 16 (69.56% to azithromycin, and 21 (91.3%) to neomycin. In addition, it was determined that all isolates were susceptible to gentamicin. As a result, the presence of Arcobacter spp, which has been determined to be multi-antibiotic resistant, in widely consumed poultry meat, indicates that these agents, which cause gastro enteritis and extra intestinal diseas- es in humans, may pose a risk to public health. For this reason, it is thought that preventing contamination of poultry carcasses with the agent and training the food handlers pre venting diseases caused by poultry meat.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiotic susceptibility
• Arcobacters pp
• chicken meat
• molecular typing

Tavuk Etlerinde Arcobacter spp. Varlığı, İzolatların Antibiyotik Duyarlılıkları ve Moleküler Tiplendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada; Kayseri ilinde satışa sunulan tavuk eti örneklerinden Arcobacter spp’nin izolasyonu, identifikasyonu ve elde edilen izolatların antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi ve moleküler tiplendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, tavuk eti satış noktalarından toplanan toplam 100 adet tavuk eti örneği materyal olarak kullanıldı. Arcobacter spp.’lerin izolasyonu amacıyla ön zenginleştirme ve membran filtrasyon metodundan yararlanıldı. Elde edilen Arcobacter spp. izolatlarının identifikasyonu fenotipik testler ve Multipleks Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (mPZR) ile gerçekleştirildi. Arco- bacter spp. izolatların eritromisin azitromisin, enrofloksasin, tetrasiklin, ampisilin, trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol, amoksi- silin-klavulanik asit, gentamisin, streptomisin, neomisin antibiyotiklerine karşı duyarlılıklarının saptanması amacıyla disk difüzyon testi yönteminden yararlanıldı. Arcobacter spp. izolatlarının genotiplendirilmesi Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) ile gerçekleştirildi. Bu çalışmada, izolasyon işlemi so- nucunda toplanan 100 adet tavuk eti örneğinin 23’ü (%23) Arcobacter spp. yönünden pozitif bulundu. Moleküler identi- fikasyon sonucunda, elde edilen, 23 Arcobacter spp. izolatının 3’ü Arcobacter cryaerophilus, 20’si ise Arcobacter butzleri olarak tanımlandı. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testi sonucunda, Arcobacter spp. izolatlarının sırasıyla 12’sinin (% 52.17) eritromisine, 13’ünün (%56.52) amoksisilin-klavulanik asite, 20’sinin (%86.95) trimetoprim/sülfametaksazole, 20’sinin (%86.95) ampisiline, 8’inin (%34.78) enrofloksasine, 2’sinin (%8.69) tetrasikline, 5’inin (%21.73) streptomisine, 16’sının (%69.56) azitromisine ve 21’inin (%91.3) de neomisine dirençli olduğu tespit edildi. Ayrıca tüm izolatların gen- tamisine duyarlı olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, çoklu antibiyotik dirençli olduğu belirlenen Arcobacter spp.’nin yaygın olarak tüketilen kanatlı etinde bulunması, insanlarda gastroenterit ve bağırsak dışı hastalıklara neden olan bu etkenle- rin halk sağlığı açısından risk oluşturabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle kanatlı karkaslarının etken ile kontaminas- yonun önlenmesi ve gıdaların üretimi, işlenmesi, depolanması ve satışı hakkında personelin eğitilmesinin, kanatlı etle- rinden kaynaklanan hastalıkları engellemekte önemli rol oynayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiyotik duyarlılık
• Arcobacter spp.
• moleküler tiplendirme
• tavuk eti

Kaynakça

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