Mezogözenekli Silika Nanopartiküllerinin Merinos Koçlarının Spermatolojik Parametreleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Öz

Nanoteknoloji, son yıllarda oldukça gelişim gösteren ve kullanım alanı bulan bir teknolojidir. Malzeme ve imalat sektörü, elektronik ve bilgisayar teknolojileri, tıp ve sağlık sektörü, havacılık ve uzay araştırmaları, çevre ve enerji, savunma sanayii, biyoteknoloji, tarım ve gıda gibi pek çok alanda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Son dönemde kullanım alanı bulan nanomalzemelerden bir tanesi de mezoporoz slika nanoparçacıklardır (MSN). Kararlılıkları, inert yapıları, termal dayanıklıkları, düşük yoğunlukları, düşük toksisiteleri ve biyouyumlulukları sayesinde mezoporoz silika nanopartiküller ilaç taşıma sistemlerinde, hücre görüntülemede ve tedavi yöntemlerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu noktada MSN’lerin çeşitli materyalleri spermatozoaya (sptz) taşıma noktasında etkili bir ajan olup olmayacaklarının test edilmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada kontrol (C), 10 μg/107 sptz (MSN10), 20 μg/107 sptz (MSN20) ve 40 μg/107 sptz (MSN40) μg olacak şekilde gruplar oluşturulmuştur. Sağlıklı ve 2-3 yaşlarında 5 adet koçtan spermalar alınarak pooling yapılmış ve sulandırılarak deney gruplarına bölünmüştür. Toplamda 5 tekrar halinde yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda motilite, ölü-canlı spermatozoa oranı, membran dayanım oranı (HOST) ve anormal spermatozoa oranları hesaplanmıştır. Proje sonucunda MSN lerin koç spermasının dondurulabilirliği üzerine ölü-canlı spermatozoa oranı ve HOST verileri bakımından olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı, ancak kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde olsa da, kontrol grubuna kıyasla, motilite ve anormalite düzeylerinde artışa neden olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler ışığında MSN lerin koç sperması için biyo taşıyıcı olarak kullanılabileceği temel spermatolojik parametreler bakımından ön görülse de, araştırma kapsamının genişletilerek daha detaylı analizlerin yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nanoteknoloji
• Mezogözenekli Silika Nanoparçacıklar
• Koç
• Sperma

The Effects of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles on Spermatological Parameters of Merino Ram

Öz

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a rapidly advancing field with diverse applications across various sectors including materials science, electronics, healthcare, aerospace, environmental sustainability, defense, biotechnology, agriculture, and food industries. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have recently gained significance as nanomaterials due to their stability, inert properties, thermal durability, low density, minimal toxicity, and biocompatibility. These attributes will make mesoporous silica nanoparticles instrumental in drug delivery systems, cellular imaging, and therapeutic interventions. In this study, aimed at assessing the potential of MSNs as effective carriers for various materials to spermatozoa (sptz), experimental groups were established as control (C), MSN10 (10 μg/107 sptz), MSN20 (20 μg/107 sptz), and MSN40 (40 μg/107 sptz). To investigate this hypothesis, semen was collected from five healthy rams (2-3 years of age), pooled, diluted, and divided into experimental groups. Following this study, analyses were conducted on motility, dead-live spermatozoa ratio, functional integrity of the sperm's plasma membrane (HOST), and abnormal spermatozoa ratios across five replicates. It was observed that MSNs did not have a negative effect on the freezability of ram semen in terms of dead-live spermatozoa ratio and HOST data, but caused an increase in motility (MSN40) and head and tail abnormality levels compared to the control group, though still within acceptable ranges. In the light of the data obtained, it is suggested that MSNs can be used as biocarriers for ram semen in terms of basic spermatological parameters, but it is necessary to expand the scope of the research and conduct more detailed analyzes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nanotechnology
• Mesoporous Slica Nanoparticles
• Ram
• Sperm

Kaynakça

1. Acharya B, Behera A, Behera S, Moharana S. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for the diagnosis and treatment of reproductive disorders. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7(3): 1336-61.
2. Ammar HO, Tadros MI, Salama NM, Ghoneim AM. Therapeutic strategies for erectile dysfunction with emphasis on recent approaches in nanomedicine. IEEE T Nanobiosci 2019; 19(1): 11-24.
3. Argyo C, Weiss V, Bräuchle C, Bein T. Multifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a universal platform for drug delivery. Chem Mater 2014; 26(1): 435-51.
4. Baek S, Singh RK, Khanal D, Patel KD, Lee EJ, Leong KW, Chrzanowski W, Kim HW. Smart multifunctional drug delivery towards anticancer therapy harmonized in mesoporous nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2015; 7(34): 14191-216.
5. Bansal M, Kumar A, Malinee M, Sharma TK. Nanomedicine: Diagnosis, treatment, and potential prospects. Nanoscience in Medicine 2020; 1: 297-331.
6. Barkalina N, Jones C, Kashir J, Coote S, Huang X, Morrison R, Townley H, Coward K. Effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles upon the function of mammalian sperm in vitro. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnol Biol Med 2014; 10(4): 859-70.
7. Barkalina N, Jones C, Townley H, Coward K. Functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a cell-penetrating peptide to target mammalian sperm in vitro. Nanomed 2015; 10(10): 1539-53.
8. Bayda S, Adeel M, Tuccinardi T, Cordani M, Rizzolio F. The history of nanoscience and nanotechnology: from chemical–physical applications to nanomedicine. Molecules 2019; 25(1): 112.

9. Björndahl L, Söderlund I, Kvist U. Evaluation of the one‐step eosin‐nigrosin staining technique for human sperm vitality assessment. Human Reprod 2003; 18(4): 813-6.
10. Bodu M, Öztürk AE, Kılınç Z, Hatipoğlu Ö, Ataman MB, Bucak MN, Kul M. The effect of lycopene and ascorbic acid on the post thaw Angora buck semen parameters. J VetBio Sci Tech 2024; 9(2): 133-42.
11. Chakraborty D, Ghosh D, Kumar S, Jenkins D, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Nano‐diagnostics as an emerging platform for oral cancer detection: Current and emerging trends. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023; 15(1): e1830.
12. Contera S, Bernardino de la Serna J, Tetley TD. Biotechnology, Nanotechnology and Medicine. First Edition. London: Portland Press Ltd, 2020; p.551-4.
13. Dev K, Kaul G, Dhanda S. Cytotoxicity evaluation of MWCNTs and silica nanoparticles on caprine spermatozoa: an in vitro comparative study. Ann Biol 2020; 36 (3): 366-71.
14. Evans G, Maxwell WMC. Salamon's Artificial Insemination of Sheep and Goats. Second Edition. Sydney: Butterworths, 1987; p.2.
15. Friend DR. Drug delivery for the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7(6): 829-39.
16. Huang Y, Li P, Zhao R, Zhao L, Liu J, Peng S, Fu X, Wang X, Luo R, Wang R. Silica nanoparticles: Biomedical applications and toxicity. Biomed Pharmacoter 2022; 151: 113053.
17. Niroumand U, Firouzabadi N, Goshtasbi G, Hassani B, Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. The effect of size, morphology and surface properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on pharmacokinetic aspects and potential toxicity concerns. Front Mater 2023; 10: 1189463.
18. Rashidian G, Mohammadi-Aloucheh R, Hosseinzadeh-Otaghvari F, Chupani L, Stejskal V, Samadikhah H, Zamanlui S, Multisanti CR, Faggio C. Long-term exposure to small-sized silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) induces oxidative stress and impairs reproductive performance in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273: 109715.
19. Rathod K, Ahmed H, Gomte SS, Chougule S, Prabakaran A, Dethe MR, Patel RJ, PVP DB, Alexander A. Exploring the potential of anti-inflammatory activity of berberine chloride-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. J Solid State Chem 2023; 317: 123639.
20. Revell S, Mrode R. An osmotic resistance test for bovine semen. Anim Reprod Sci 1994; 36(1-2): 77-86.
21. Tacconi S, Augello S, Persano F, Sbarigia C, Carata E, Leporatti S, Fidaleo M, Dini L. Amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-MSiNPs) impair the embryonic development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 95: 103956.
22. Usul SK, Aslan A, Özçimen D. Azol fonksiyonel gözenekli ve içi boş silika nanokompozitlerin karakterizasyonu ve antifungal uygulamaları. Eurasian J Bio Chem Sci 2022; 5(Ek sayı 1): 151-6.
23. Xu Y, Wang N, Yu Y, Li Y, Li Y-B, Yu Y-B, Zhou X-Q, Sun Z-W. Exposure to silica nanoparticles causes reversible damage of the spermatogenic process in mice. PloS One 2014; 9(7): e101572.
24. Zhao J, Zhang J, Xu Y, Dong J, Dong Q, Zhao G, Shi Y. Nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of placental dysfunction: recent trends and future perspectives. Nanomed 2023; 18(26): 1961-78.