Ruminantlarda Kulak ve Kuyruk Kesme: Hayvan Refahı (Gönenci) Bakımından Dünyada ve Türkiye’deki Durumun Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu derlemede, sığır ve koyun yetiştiriciliğinde uygulanan kuyruk ve kulak kesme işlemleri nedeniyle oluşan fizyolojik ve davranışsal tepkilerin tanımlanması, hayvanlara yapılan bu işlemlerin bilimsel gerekliliğinin doğrulanması, yasal mevzuat ve hayvan refahı (gönenci) açısından dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki durumunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Bilimsel araştırmalar koyunlarda kuyruk kesme uygulamasının hafif-orta şiddette akut ağrı ve davranışsal tepkilere yol açtığını ve sinek istilasına karşı koruyucu etkisinin tartışmalı olduğunu göstermektedir. Kuyruksuzlaştırma işleminin koyun canlı ağırlık artışı ve karkas kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi ise hala tartışmalıdır. İneklerde kuyruk kesiminin nispeten daha az ağrıya sebep olduğu ve ineklerin arka bölgesinde sinek birikiminin fazla miktarda oluştuğu bildirilmektedir. Türkiye’de, tedavi ve geleneksel amaçlarla koyun ve sığırlarda ampiriklerce uygulanan kulak kesme işlemi ise yetiştiricilerin genellikle analjezi ve anestezi kullanmadan, steril olmayan koşullarda ve uygun olmayan araçlarla uyguladıkları, ağrı, acı ve yaralanmalara yol açan bir uygulamadır. Bu derlemede, ruminantlarda izlenen kuyruk ve kulak kesme işlemleri ana başlıklar altında değerlendirilerek dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki durumu karşılaştırıldı. Türkiye’de sığır ve koyunlar üzerinde uygulanan kuyruk ve kulak kesimiyle ilgili hayvan refahı ve yasal mevzuat hakkında yetiştiricilerin bilinçlendirilmesi ve hayvan sağlığı ve refahı için alternatif yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi teşvik edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hayvan refahı (gönenci),kulak kesme,kuyruk kesme,ruminant,Türkiye

Tail Docking and Ear Cropping in Ruminants: A Comparison of Welfare Aspects in the World and Turkey

Öz

The aim of this paper is to identify the physiological and behavioral responses caused by tail docking and ear cropping in ruminants, to affirm the scientific evidence for the rationale and to evaluate laws, animal welfare and current practices in the world and in Turkey. The scientific research indicates that the practice of tail docking causes acute pain and behavioral responses in sheep, and that its protective effect against fly strike is controversial. The docking process and its effect on carcass quality and live weight gain are still unclear. It is argued that tail docking in cows causes relatively low pain but can result in an excess quantity of fly strike on the back of the animals. The practice of ear cropping for the purpose of tradition and treatment by folk healers in sheep and cows - generally without using anaesthesia and analgesia, in unsterilized conditions leads to distress, pain and injury in animals. In this review, the tail docking and ear cropping were briefly outlined and compared between Turkey and around the world. The development of alternative methods for animal health and welfare, the level of awareness should be increased on welfare and legislative issues regarding ear cropping and tail docking in Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Animal welfare,ear cropping,ruminants,tail docking,Turkey

Kaynakça

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