Bacterial Taxonomy and Methods in Identifying New Species

Öz

 The system which separates the microorganisms into the different groups by considering the similar and different characteristics of the microorganisms is named taxonomy. Molecular diagnostic methods as alternatives to conventional methods used for classification and naming of bacteria have been developed, including the 16S rRNA sequence analysis and DNA: DNA hybridization methods have been put forward as the most current techniques. Strains showing 70% or more DNA: DNA hybridization and 97% or more 16S rRNA sequence homology is considered to be the same species. As a result of these rates, strains which have been identified as different bacterial species can be published in various scientific journals and by entering the national culture collection thought monitoring official protocols. In this paper, requisite methods to identify new bacterial species are summarized briefly explaining the conditions to enter into the national culture collections.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bacteria,hybridization,taxonomy,16S rRNA

Bakteriyel Taksonomi ve Yeni Türlerin Belirlenmesinde Kullanılan Yöntemler

Öz

Mikroorganizmaların farklı ve benzer özelliklerini dikkate alarak gruplara ayırma ve belirleme işlemlerinin oluşturduğu sisteme taksonomi denir. Bakterilerin sınıflandırması ve adlandırması için kullanılan konvansiyonel yöntemlere alternatif olarak moleküler tanı yöntemleri geliştirilmiş, bunlar arasında da 16S rRNA dizi analizi ve DNA:DNA hibridizasyon yöntemleri en geçerli teknikler olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Sınıflandırmada %70 veya daha fazla DNA:DNA hibridizasyonu gösteren ve 16S rRNA sekanslamasında %97 veya daha fazla benzerlik gösteren suşlar aynı tür olarak dikkate alınır. İdentifiye edilen türler belirlenen kurallara göre çeşitli bilimsel dergilerde yayımlanır ve resmi protokoller izlenerek ulusal kültür koleksiyonlarında yer alırlar. Bu derlemede, yeni bakteri türlerini tanımlayabilmek için gerekli olan metotlar kısaca anlatılarak bu türlerin sınıflandırılması ve ulusal kültür koleksiyonlarına girebilmesi için gerekli koşullar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakteri,hibridizasyon,taksonomi,16S rRNA

Kaynakça

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