Antioxidant Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil Against Pentachlorophenol Toxicity in Rat Tissues

Öz

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pomegranate seed oil PSO on the oxidative stress induced by pentachlorophenol PCP in rats. Fourty Sprague-Dawley, 4-5 months old, 300g male rats were used in this study. Rats were assigned to four groups each containing 10 animals. First group was control group; no administration was made to animals in this group. Second, third and fourth groups were given PSO at a dose of 0.15 ml/kg bw, PCP at a dose of 40 mg/kg bw and PSO at a dose of 0.15 ml/kg bw+PCP at a dose of 40 mg/kg bw orally by gavage for 28 days, respectively. At the end of the study, brain, liver, kidney, testicle and spleen samples were collected. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in tissue samples. PCP caused an increase of MDA level in brain, kidney, liver and testicle; a decrease of CAT activity in liver and spleen; a decrease of GSH-Px activity in brain and testicle and a decrease of SOD activity in brain, liver and kidney compared to control group. When PSO+PCP group compared to PCP group, MDA level decreased in brain, liver and testicle; CAT activity increased in spleen; SOD activity increased in brain and kidney. When compared to the control group and the group given PSO+PCP, the data of PSO+PCP group were generally similar to the control group. As a result, administration of PCP at the dose of 40 mg/kg bw for 28 days caused oxidative stress and administration of PSO at the dose of 0.15 ml/kg bw alleviated severity of PCP induced oxidative stress

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oxidative stress,pentachlorophenol,pomegranate seed oil,rat

Kaynakça

1. 1- Akıllı M, Eraslan G. Effects of Origanum vulgare oil on oxidative stress in pentachlorophenol-intoxicated rats. Fresenius Environ Bull 2016; 25(1): 121-9. 2- Aviram M, Volkova N, Raymond C, Dreher M, Reddy MK, Ferreira D, Rosenblat M. Pomegranate phenolics from the peels, arils, and flowers are antiatherogenic: Studies in vivo in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein e-deficient (E 0) mice and in vitro in cultured macrophages and lipoproteins. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56(3): 1148-57. 3- Bagri P, Ali M, Aeri V, Bhowmik M, Sultana S. Antidiabetic effect of Punica granatum flowers: Effect on hyperlipidemia, pancreatic cells lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in experimental diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(1): 50-4. 4- Beard AP, Bartlewski PM, Chandolia RK, Honaramooz A, Rawlings NC. Reproductive and endocrine function in rams exposed to the organochlorine pesticides lindane and pentachlorophenol from conception. J Reprod Fertil 1999; 115(2): 303-14. 5- Bernard BK, Hoberman AM. A study of the developmental toxicity potential of pentachlorophenol in the rat. Int J Toxicol 2001; 20(6): 353-62. 6- Białek A, Stawarska A, Bodecka J, Białek M, Tokarz A. Pomegranate seed oil influences the fatty acids profile and reduces the activity of desaturases in livers of Sprague-Dawley rats. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131: 9-16. 7- Blakley BR, Yole MJ, Brousseau P, Boermans H, Fournier M. Effect of pentachlorophenol on immune function. Toxicology 1998; 125(2-3): 141-8. 8- Boroushaki MT, Arshadi D, Jalili-Rasti H, Asadpour E, Hosseini A. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against acute toxicity of diazinon in rat kidney. Iran J Pharm Res 2013; 12(4): 821-7. 9- Boroushaki MT, Asadpour E, Sadeghnia HR, Dolati K. Effect of pomegranate seed oil against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. J Food Sci Technol 2014a; 51(11): 3510-4. 10- Boroushaki MT, Mollazadeh H, Rajabian A, Dolati K, Hoseini A, Paseban M, Farzadnia M. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Ren Fail 2014b; 36(10): 1581-6. 11- Boroushaki MT, Rajabian A, Farzadnia M, Hoseini A, Poorlashkari M, Taghavi A, Dolati K, Bazmandegan G. Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Ren Fail 2015; 37(8): 1338-43. 12- Caligiani A, Bonzanini F, Palla G, Cirlini M, Bruni R. Characterization of a potential nutraceutical ingredient: pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil unsaponifiable fraction. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2010; 65(3): 277-83. 13- Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP. Studies on antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract using in vivo models. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(17): 4791-5. 14- Çavdar HK, Yanık DK, Gök U, Göğüş F. Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil and evaluation of ıts physicochemical and bioactive properties. Food Technol Biotechnol 2017; 55(1): 86-94. 15- Çelik I, Temur A, Isık I. Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) flowers infusion against trichloroacetic acid-exposed in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(1): 145-9. 16- Dadashi S, Mousazadeh M, Emam-Djomeh, Mousavi SM. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed: A comparative study on biochemical composition and oil physicochemical characteristics. IJABBR 2013; 1(4): 351-63. 17- Dökmeci İ, Dökmeci AH. Toksikoloji: Zehirlenmelerde Tanı ve Tedavi. Dördüncü Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2005; p. 602. 18- Elfalleh W, Tlili N, Nasri N, Yahia Y, Hannachi H, Chaira N, Ying M, Ferchichi A. Antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds and tocopherols from Tunisian pomegranate (Punica granatum) fruits. J Food Sci 2011; 76(5): 707-13. 19- Faria A, Monteiro R, Mateus N, Azevedo I, Calhau C. Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice intake on hepatic oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr 2007; 46(5): 271-8. 20- Folch J, Yeste-Velasco M, Alvira D, de la Torre AV, Bordas M, López M, Sureda FX, Rimbau V, Camins A, Pallàs M. Evaluation of pathways involved in pentachlorophenol-induced apoptosis in rat neurons. Neurotoxicology 2009; 30(3): 451-8. 21- Gil MI, Tomás-Barberán FA, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft DM, Kader AA. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48(10): 4581-9. 22- Grossmann ME, Mizuno NK, Schuster T, Clearly MP. Punicic acid is an ω- 5 fatty acid capable of inhibiting breast cancer proliferation. Int J Oncol 2010; 36(2): 421-6. 23- Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989: p. 139. 24- Jiang P, Wang J, Zhang J, Dai J. Effects of pentachlorophenol on the detoxification system in white-rumped munia (Lonchura striata). J Environ Sci 2016; 44: 224-34. 25- Jiang P, Wang J, Sheng N, Wei D, Dai J. Effects of pentachlorophenol on the quail (Coturnix japonica) liver detoxification pathway. Chemosphere 2017; 177: 44-50. 26- Jurenka JS. Therappeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A review. Altern Med Rev 2008; 13(2): 128-44. 27- Kahn CM, Line S. The Merck Veterinary Manual. Tenth Edition. New Jersey: M Merck and Co, 2010; p. 2633-4. 28- Kaufman M, Weisman Z. Pomegranate oil analysis with emphasis on MALDI- TOF/ MS triacylglycerol fingerprinting. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55(25): 10405-13. 29- Kaya S. Pestisidler. Kaya S, Pirinççi İ, Bilgili A. eds. In: Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji. İkinci Baskı. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi, 2002; p. 385. 30- Kaya S: Tıbbi Botanik ve Tıbbi Bitkiler. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi, 2008, p.91. 31- Kinzell JH, Ames NK, Sleight SD, Krehbiel JD, Kuo C, Zabik MJ, Shull LR. Subchronic administration of technical pentachlorophenol to lactating dairy cattle: performance, general health, and pathologic changes. J Dairy Sci 1981; 64(1): 42-51. 32- Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109(2): 177-206. 33- Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurment with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265-75. 34- Luck HS. Catalase. Bergmeyer HU, eds. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. London: Academic Press, 1965; 885-94. 35- Meerts IA, Verspeek-Rip CM, Buskens CA, Keizer HG, Bassaganya-Riera J, Jouni ZE, van Huygevoort AH, van Otterdijk FM, Van de Waart EJ. Toxicological evaluation of pomegranate seed oil. Food Chem Tox 2009; 47(6): 1085-92. 36- Mercan U. Toksikolojide serbest radikallerin önemi. YYU Vet Fak Derg 2004; 15(1): 91-6. 37- Miller GL. Protein determination for large numbers of samples. Anal Chem 1959; 31: 964. 38- National Toxicology Program. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachlorophenol (CAS NO. 87-86-5) in F344/N Rats (Feed Studies), 1999. 39- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Reaction of linoleic acid hydroperoxide with thiobarbituric acid. J Lipid Res 1978; 19: 1053-7. 40- Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967; 70(1): 158-69. 41- Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Coleman R, Aviram M. Pomegranate by product administration to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice attenuates atherosclerosis development as a result of decreased macrophage oxidative stress and reduced cellular uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54(5): 1928-35. 42- Saha SS, Ghosh M. Ameliorative role of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against oxidative DNA damage induced by sodium arsenite in rat model. Food Chem Toxicol 2010(12); 48: 3398-405. 43- Sai-Kato K, Umemura T, Takagi A, Hasegawa R, Tanimura A, Kurokawa Y. Pentachlorophenol-induced oxidative DNA damage in mouse liver and protective effect of antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 1995; 33(10): 877-82. 44- Soyer-Sarıca Z, Liman BC. Ratlarda pentaklorofenol zehirlenmesinde nar çekirdeği yağının lipid peroksidasyonu ve biyokimyasal parametrelere etkileri. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2016; 13(2): 109-19. 45- Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988; 34(3): 497-500. 46- Umemura T, Kai S, Hasegawa R, Sai K, Kurokawa Y, Williams GM. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) produces liver oxidative stress and promotes but does not initiate hepatocarcinogenesis in B6C3F1 mice. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20(6): 1115-20. 47- Umemura T, Kuroiwa Y, Kitamura Y, Ishii Y, Kanki K, Kodama Y, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Nishikawa A, Hirose M. A crucial role of Nrf2 in in vivo defense against oxidative damage by an environmental pollutant, pentachlorophenol. Toxicol Sci 2006; 90(1): 111-9. 48- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Reregistration eligibility decision for pentachlorophenol. EPA Report 739-R-08-008, 2008. 49- Villena F, Montoya G, Klaasen R, Fleckenstein R, Suwalsky M. Morphological changes on nerves and histopathological effects on liver and kidney of rats by pentachlorophenol (PCP). Comp Biochem Physiol 1992; 101(2): 353-63. 50- World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety, “Environmental Health Criteria 71- Pentachlorophenol”, WHO IPCS Report, 1987. 51- Yamasaki M, Kitagawa T, Koyanagi N, Chujo H, Maeda H, Kohno-Murase J, Imamura J, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil on immune function and lipid metabolism in mice. Nutrition 2006; 22(1):54-9.