Farklı Laktasyon Dönemlerindeki Damascus Keçilerinde Süt Özellikleri: 1. Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Süt Kalite Parametreleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada 3.-4. laktasyon dönemlerindeki sağlıklı 20 keçinin sütü farklı laktasyon aşamalarında analiz edil-miştir. Süt pH'sı, yağ, yağsız kuru madde, protein, laktoz ve donma noktası tüm laktasyon aşamalarında gruplar arasın-da benzerken, laktasyonun devamında elektriksel iletkenlik ve Somatik hücre sayısı (SHS) artmıştır (P<0.05; P<0.001). Mastitis olmayan keçilerde SHS ile elektrik iletkenliği arasında spesifik olmayan ilişkilerin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı laktasyon aşamaları ile süt kalite parametreleri arasında önemli seviyelerde korelasyonlar bulunmuştur (P<0.05, P<0.01). Erken laktasyonda SHS ile süt yağı arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur (r=0.619; P<0.05). Diğer taraftan, geç laktasyonda donma noktası ile elektriksel iletkenlik arasında negatif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur (r=-0.474; P<0.05). Damascus keçilerinde laktasyonun farklı dönemlerinde süt kompozisyonu ve özellikle SHS değerlerinin farklı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Diğer taraftan sütün kimyasal kompozisyonunu oluşturan unsurlar arasındaki ilişkinin de laktasyon döne-mi ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, laktasyon boyunca sütün kimyasal komposizyonu değişmezken laktas-yonun erken dönemlerinde üretilen sütün SHS ve elektriksel iletkenlik değerlerinin diğer laktasyon dönemlerinden dü-şük olması bu sütlerin daha kaliteli olduğu kanaatini oluşturmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Damascus keçisi
• laktasyon periyodu
• süt kalitesi

Milk Traits of Damascus Goats at Different Lactation Stages: 1. Somatic Cell Counts and Milk Quality Parameters*

Öz

In this study, milk of healthy 20 goats in the 3rd - 4th lactation periods was analyzed in different lactation stages. While milk pH, fat, fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose and freezing point were similar between groups in all lactation stages, electrical conductivity and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) increased with the continuation of lactation (P<0.05; P<0.001). Nonspecific relations were found between SCC and electrical conductivity in mastitis-free goats. Also, correlations were found between milk quality parameters and different lactation stages at the significant levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between SCC and milk fat in early lactation (r=0.619; P<0.05). On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between freezing point and electrical conductivity in the late lactation (r=-0.474; P<0.05). It was understood that milk composition and especially SCC values were different in different stag-es of lactation in Damascus goats.The relationship between the components of milk was found to be related to the lactation period.As a result, while the chemical composition of milk did not change during the lactation, it was conclud-ed that the milk produced in the early lactation had lower SCC and electrical conductivity values than in the other lacta-tion stages, and the milk produced in early lactation stage was higher quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Damascus goat
• lactation period
• milk quality

Kaynakça

1. Addass PA, Tizhe MA, Midau A, Alheri PA, Yahya MM. Effect of genotype, stage of lactation, season and parity on milk composition of goat in Mubi, Ad-amawa State, Nigeria. Ann Biol Res 2013; 4(8): 248-52.
2. Agnihotri MK, Rajkumar V. Effect of breed, parity and stage of lactation on milk composition of western region goats of India. Int J Dairy Sci2007; 2(2): 172-7.
3. Albenzio M, Campanozzi A, D’apolito M, Santillo A, Mantovani MP, Sevi A. Differences in protein frac-tion from goat and cow milk and their role on cyto-kine production in children with cow's milk protein allergy. Small Rumin Res 2012; 105(1-3): 202-5.
4. Anghel A, Nadolu D, Sava A, Cismileanu A, Ropota M, Voicu I. Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Carpathian goat milk as related to the stage of lactation. Arch Zootech 2017; 20(2): 59-68.
5. Bruckmaier RM, Ontsouka C, Blum JW. Fractionized milk composition in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Vet Med 2005; 49(8): 283-90.
6. Cavero D, Tölle KH, Buxadé C, Krieter J. Mastitis detection in dairy cows by application of fuzzy logic. Livest Sci 2006; 105(1-3): 207-13.
7. Ceballos LS, Morales ER, de la Torre Adarve G, Cas-tro JD, Martínez LP, Sampelayo MRS. Composition of goat and cow milk produced under similar condi-tions and analyzed by identical methodology. J Food Compost Anal 2009; 22(4): 322-9.
8. Crisà A, Ferrè F, Chillemi G, Moioli B. RNA-Sequencing for profiling goat milk transcriptome in colostrum and mature milk. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12(1): 264.

9. Diaz JR, Romero G, Muelas R, Sendra E, Pantoja JCF, Paredes C. Analysis of the influence of varia-tion factors on electrical conductivity of milk in Mur-ciano-Granadina goats. Int J Dairy Sci 2011; 94(8): 3885-94.
10. El-Tarabany MS, El-Tarabany AA, Roushdy EM. Im-pact of lactation stage on milk composition and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of dairy Baladi goats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25(8): 1632-8.
11. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization Corpo-rate Statistical Databasehttp://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data; Accessed date: 02.03.2020.
12. Fekadu B, Soryal K, Zeng S, Van Hekken D, Bah B, Villaquiran M. Changes in goat milk composition during lactation and their effect on yield and quality of hard and semi-hard cheeses. Small Rumin Res 2005; 59(1): 55-63.
13. Granado RJ, Rodríguez MS, Arce C, Estévez VR. Factors affecting somatic cell count in dairy goats: a review. Span J Agric Res2014; (1): 133-50.
14. Güzeler N, Say D, Kaçar A. Compositional changes of Saanen X Kilis goats’ milk during lactation. Gida 2010; 35(5): 325-30.
15. Haenlein GFW. Goat milk in human nutrition. Small Rumin Res 2004; 51(2): 155-63.
16. Keskin M, Avşar YK, Biçer O, Güler MB. A compara-tive study on the milk yield and milk composition of two different goat genotypes under the climate of the Eastern Mediterranean. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2004; 28(3): 531-6.
17. Komara M, Boutinaud M, Chedly HB, Guinard-Flament J, Marnet PG. Once-daily milking effects in high-yielding Alpine dairy goats. Int J Dairy Sci 2009; 92(11): 5447-55.
18. Kuchtík J, Králíčková Š, Zapletal D, Węglarzy K, Šustová K, SkrzyżalaI I. Changes in physico-chemical characteristics, somatic cell count and fatty acid profile of Brown Short-haired goat milk during lactation. AnimSci Pap Rep 2015; 33(1): 71-83.
19. Leitner G, Merin U, Silanikove N. Changes in milk composition as affected by subclinical mastitis in goats. Int J Dairy Sci 2004; 87(6): 1719-26.
20. Lu J, Liu L, Pang X, Zhang S, Jia Z, Ma C, Lv J. Comparative proteomics of milk fat globule mem-brane in goat colostrum and mature milk. Food Chem 2016; 209: 10-6.
21. Marounek M, Pavlata L, Mišurová L, Volek Z, Dvořák R. Changes in the composition of goat colostrum and milk fatty acids during the first month of lacta-tion. Czech J Anim Sci 2012; 57: 28-33.
22. Moroni P, Pisoni G, Ruffo G, Cortinovis I, Casazza G. Study of intramammary infections in dairy goats from mountainous regions in Italy. N Z Vet J 2005; 53(5): 375-6.
23. Prasad H, Tewari HA, Sengar OPS. Milk yield and composition of the beetal breed and their crosses with Jamunapari, Barbari and Black Bengal breeds of goat. Small Rumin Res 2005; 58(2): 195-9.
24. Raynal-Ljutovac K, Gaborit P, Lauret A. The relation-ship between quality criteria of goat milk, its tech-nological properties and the quality of the final products. Small Rumin Res 2005; 60(1-2): 167-77.
25. Salama AAK, Such X, Caja G, Rovai M, Casals R, Albanell E, Marti A. Effects of once versus twice daily milking throughout lactation on milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats. Int J Dairy Sci 2003; 86(5): 1673-80.
26. Sanchez A, Sierra D, Luengo C, Corrales JC, Mo-rales CT, Contreras A, Gonzalo C. Influence of storage and preservation on Fossomatic cell count and composition of goat milk. Int J Dairy Sci 2005; 88(9): 3095-100.
27. Sanchez-Macías D, Moreno-Indias I, Castro N, Mo-rales-Delanuez A, Argüello A. From goat colostrum to milk: Physical, chemical, and immune evolution from partum to 90 days postpartum. Int J Dairy Sci 2014; 97(1): 10-6.
28. Sandolhm M, Honkanen-Busalski T, Kaartinen L, Pyorola S, eds. The Bovine Udder and Mastitis. First Edition. Finland: University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 1995; p.312.
29. Souza FN, Blagitz MG, Penna CFAM, Della Libera AMMP, Heinemann MB, Cerqueira MMOP. Somat-ic cell count in small ruminants: Friend or foe? Small Rumin Res 2012; 107(2-3): 65-75.
30. William BR, Edmondson P. Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds. Second Edition. USA; Cabi, 2010; p. 53.
31. Yakan A, Özkan H, Şakar AE, Ateş CT, Ünal N, Koçak Ö, Özbeyaz C. Milk yield and quality traits in different lactation stages of Damascus goats: Con-centrate and pasture based feeding systems. Anka-ra Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2019; 66: 117-29.
32. Yurchenkoo S, Sats A, Tatar V, Kaart T, Mootse H, Jõudu I. Fatty acid profile of milk from Saanen and Swedish Landrace goats. Food Chem 2018; 254: 326-32.
33. Zailan MZ, Yaakub H. Milk composition and fatty ac-ids profile at different stages of lactation in Jamna-pari crossbred goats. Mal J Anim Sci 2018; 21: 109-22.
34. Zecconi A, Dell’Orco F, Vairani D, Rizzi N, Cipolla M, Zanini L. Differential Somatic Cell Count as a Mark-er for Changes of Milk Composition in Cows with Very Low Somatic Cell Count. Anim 2020; 10(4): 604.
35. Zhu JJ, Luo J, Wang W, Yu K, Wang HB, Shi HB, Li J. Inhibition of FASN reduces the synthesis of me-dium-chain fatty acids in goat mammary gland. Anim 2014; 8(9): 1469-78.