Bıldırcınlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) İntramusküler ve İntraosseöz Xylazine-Ketamine Anestezisinin Klinik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 169 - 174, 01.12.2014

Alkan Kamıloglu Sadık Yayla Nadide Kamıloglu İsa Ozaydın Başak Kurt

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı bıldırcınlarda xylazine-ketamine kombinasyonunun intramuskuler (IM) ve intraosseal (IO)

kullanımını klinik parametreleri izleyerek karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışma, klinik olarak sağlıklı ve yetişkin olan 20 adet erkek

bıldırcında rastgele iki gruba ayrılarak yürütüldü. Birinci gruba (n=10) 8 mg/kg Xylazine HCl ve 50 mg/kg Ketamine HCl

kombinasyonu IM olarak verildi. İkinci gruba (n=10) ise aynı kombinasyon IO yolla verildi. Her bir hayvan monitörize

edilerek kalp atım sayısı (HR) solunum sayısı (RR), cloacal ısı (CT) ve EKG değerleri kayıt edildi. Anestezi indüksiyonu

ve anestezi süresi IO grupta IM gruptan önemli derecede daha kısa bulundu (P<0.05). IM grup ile karşılaştırıldığında

IO grubun HR değerlerinin 15, 20 ve 30. dakikalarda önemli derecede azaldığı belirlenmiştir (P<0.05). Gruplar arasında

RR bakımından istatistiksel değişiklikler karşılaştırıldığında IO grupta 3, 5, 10 ve 15. dakikalarda IM gruba göre bir

düşüş ve önemli bir fark bulundu (P<0.05). Anestezi boyunca CT değerlerinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak

önemli bir fark gözlenmedi. Ayrıca her iki grupta da anestezi boyunca refleksler değerlendirildi. Sonuç olarak bıldırcınlarda

xylazine-ketamine kombinasyonun hem IM hem de IO olarak uygulandığında yeterli bir anestezi elde edilebileceği

ve IO yolun klinik pratikte IM yol gibi kolaylıkla kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bıldırcın, intramuskuler, intraosseus, ketamine, xylazine

Clinical Evaluation of Intramuscular and Intraosseous Xylazine-Ketamine Anesthesia in Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Öz

Purpose of this study was to compare the use of intramuscular (IM) and intraosseous (IO)

xylazine-ketamine combination by monitoring clinical parameters in quails. The experiment was carried out on twenty

clinically healthy mature male quails randomly divided into two groups. The first group (n=10) received the combination

of 8 mg/kg Xylazine HCl 50 mg/kg and Ketamine HCl IM and second group (n=10) received: the same combination via

IO route. Each quail was monitored for heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), cloacal temperature (CT) and

electrocardiography (ECG). The induction and duration time of anesthesia in IO group was significantly shorter than

that for IM Group (P<0.05). The HR of IO group was significantly decreased on 15th, 20th and 30th min as compared to

the IM group (P<0.05). When statistical differences were compared among different groups, the RR of IO group

reduced significantly (P<0.05) on the 3th, 5th, 10th and 15th min than that of the IM group. There were no significant

differences observed in the CT values between IO and IM group during the anesthesia. Also, reflexes disappeared in

both groups throughout the anesthesia. In conclusion, sufficient anesthesia can be obtained by the use of both the IM

and the IO xylazine-ketamine administration. Furthermore, it was determined that IO route can be easily used in clinical

practice such as IM anesthesia in quails.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intramuscular, intraosseous, ketamine, quail, xylazine

Kaynakça

• 1. Aksoy O, Ozaydin I, Kirmizigül AH, Kilic E, Ozturk S, Kurt B, Yayla S. Sözmen M, Atakişi E. Evaluation of experimental subarachnoid analgesia with a combination of detomidine and ropivacaine for flank analgesia in cows. Vet Arhiv 2012; 82 (5): 463-72.
• 2. Azizpour A, Hassani, Y. Clinical evaluation of general anesthesia with a combination of ketamine HCl and diazepem in pigeons. Agric J 2012; 7 (2): 101-5.
• 3. Brickman KR, Krupp K, Rega P, Alexander J, Guinness M. Typing and screening of blood from intraosseous access. Ann Emerg Med 1992; 21 (4): 414-7.
• 4. Durrani UF, Ashraf M, Khalid A. Comparative efficacy of detomidine and detomidine-ketamine cocktail in quails. Pakistan Vet J 2005; 25 (4): 197-9.
• 5. Durrani UF, Khan MA, Ahmad SS. Comparative efficacy (sedative and anaesthetic) of detomidine, ketamine and detomidine-ketamine cocktail in pigeons (Columba livia). Pakistan Vet J 2008; 28 (3): 115-8.
• 6. Durrani UF, Ashraf M, Khan MA. A comparison of the clinical effects associated with xylazine, ketamine, and a xylazine-ketamine cocktail in pigeons (Columba livia), Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2009; 33 (5): 413-7.
• 7. Eyarefe OD, Oguntoye CO. A randomized trial of low-dose ketamine and lignocaine ınfiltration for laparo-caecectomy in layer chickens. Int J Anim Veter Adv 2012; 4 (4): 252-5.
• 8. Gandomania MJ, Tamadona A, Mehdizadehb A, Attarana HR. Comparison of different ketamine-xylazine combinations for prolonged anaesthesia in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Vet Scan 2009; 4 (1): 21-3.
• 9. Hartsfield SM. Advantages and guidelines for using ketamine for induction of anesthesia. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1992; 22 (2): 266-7.
• 10. Kamiloglu A, Atalan G, Kamiloglu NN. Comparison of intraosseous and intramuscular drug administration for induction of anesthesia in domestic pigeons. Res Vet Sci 2008: 85: 171-5.
• 11. Maiti SK, Tiwary R, Vasan P, Dutta A. Xylazine, diazepam and midazolam premedicated ketamine anaesthesia in White Leghorn cockerels for typhlectomy. S Afr Vet Ver 2006; 77 (1): 12-8.
• 12. Moghadam AZ, Sadegh AB, Sharifi S, Habibian S. Comparison of intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine in pigeons: Clinical evaluation. IJVST 2009; 1 (1): 19-26.
• 13. Sawyer RW, Bodai BI, Blaisdell FW, McCourt MM. The current status of intraosseous infusion. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 179 (3): 353-60.
• 14. Picollo C, Serra AJ, Levy RF, Antonio EL, dos Santos L, Tucci PCF. Hemodynamic and thermoregulatory effects of xylazine-ketamine mixture persist even after the anesthetic stage in rats. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2012; 64 (4): 860-4.
• 15. Valverde A, Bienzle D, Smith D, Dyson DH, Villiant AE. Intraosseous cannulation and drug administration for induction of anaesthesia in chickens. Vet Surg 1993; 22 (3): 240-4.
• 16. Yayla S, Kacar C, Kaya D, Merhan O, Aksoy O, Kilic E, Kaya S. Clinical, biochemical and hemodynamic effects of the intrathecal ketamine for ovariohysterectomy in bitches. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 2012; 56 (3): 299-303.
• 17. Yayla S, Kilic E. The comparison of clinical, histopathological and some hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia applied in dogs through bupivacaine HCl and ropivacaine HCl in two different concentrations. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2010; 16 (5): 835-40.