Öz
It was attempted to ensure the country's development and modernization by making concessions to western investors to overcome the Ottoman Empire's political, military and economic backwardness prior to the First World War from the middle of the 19th century. The Chester Project, which was presented to the American stock society, is one of the recent examples. The United States was going to establish a railway network in Eastern Anatolia and Iraq under the Ottoman Empire's control by means of the Chester Project, and underground resources at a certain distance from this railway network would be operated by foreign investors. According to the project, it is also planned to build a port in the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. The American Admiral Kolby Mitchell Chester's proposal to the Ottoman Government in this direction was deemed reasonable by Turkish authorities. This project was discussed over two time periods: 1908-1914 and 1922-1923. The Chester Project's infrastructure was built between 1908 and 1914, but it was never put into action due to the outbreak of World War I. The Ankara Government welcomed the new project in the second period, 1922-1923. This project, which began with the construction of a railway, was later viewed by the United States as a tool to use all of the region's energy resources, including raw materials and oil, for the benefit of the United States. The Ankara government canceled the Chester Project because it received no support from entrepreneurs or the American government regarding Mosul issue or the other ones. As a result, US plan to colonize the resources of the Near East with the Chester Project remained unfinished, and the Ottoman and Ankara governments' hopes of benefiting from American capital and modernization remained inconclusive. Therefore, the Chester Project was attempted to be enlightened by utilizing Ottoman archive documents, memories, press and copyrighted works.