Şarka (Plum Pox Virus) hastaliği: kayisida hastaliğa dayanikliliğin genetiği ve moleküler çalişmalar

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 5, 402 - 412, 01.10.2012

Kahraman Gürcan Kadir Uğurtan Yılmaz

Öz

Şarka Hastalığı etmeni olan Plum Pox Virüsü (PPV), Potyviridae familyasına bağlı olup, yaptığı zararlar ve sosyal etkileri bakımında sert çekirdekli meyvelerin en önemli hastalıklarından biridir [1]. Son 30 yılda 10 milyar dolar eknomik zarar yapmıştır [2]. Virüsün kontrolü Avrupa’da mümkün olamadığından, dayanıklı çeşitlerin elde edilmesi ve dayanıklılığın moleküler genetiğini belirlemek, kayısı ıslahı çalışmalarının ana hedefi olmuştur. Islah programlarında, hastalığa duyarlı Avrupa çeşitleri hastalığa dayanıklı Kuzey Amerika çeşitleri ile melezlenmektedir. Stark Early Orange, Goldrich, Harcot, Harleyn ve Stella çeşitleri yaygın olarak kullanılan dayanıklı ebeveynlerdir. Segregasyon popülasyonlarından elde edilen fenotipik değerlere göre bazı araştırıcılar dayanıklılığın tek genle kontrol edildiğini ifade ederken, bir çok çalışma dayanıklılığın kantitatif özellikte olduğunu savunmaktadır. Moleküler haritalama ve fenotiplemenin birlikte yürütüldüğü çalışmaların birçoğu birinci bağlantı gurubu (BG) üzerinde, tek bir major lokusun dayanıklılığı büyük oranda kontrol ettiğini belirtmektedir. 3. ve 5. bağlantı gruplarının üzerinde birer minör lokusun bulunması dayanıklılığın çoklu genlerle kontrol edildiğini göstermektedir. Çok sayıda bireye sahip bir melez populasyonun genotipik ve fenotipik olarak taranması ve doygun bir genetik haritanın yapılması major lokusdaki genin izolasyonuna olanak sağlayacaktır. Bu derleme çalışmada kayısıda şarka dayanıklılık genetiğini belirlemek üzere yapılan araştırma sonuçları özetlenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şarkaya dayanıklılık, Kayısı, Plum Pox Virus

Sharka (Plum Pox Virus) Disease: Genetics of resistance to the disease in apricot and molecular studies

Öz

Sharka disease is caused by Plum Pox Virus (PPV) which belongs to Potyviridae family. It is accepted as one of the most harmful diseases of stone fruits considering economic and social impacts [1]. The cost caused by the disease for the last 30 years was estimated to be 10 milyar euros [2]. The protection methods have not been affective to halt the spread of the disease in Europa. Understanding molecular mechanism of the disease resistance and breeding resistant varieties have become promising objective in apricot breeding programs. European apricot breeding programs initiated breeding programs crossing the resistant North American cultivars with the susceptible European cultivars. Stark Early Orange, Goldrich, Harcot, Harleyn, and Stella are the main cultivars used as resistance donor in the breeding programs. Having considered phenotypic anaylsis of segregation population some researchers proposed single gene for the resistance while many researches reported multiple locus for the resistance. Most of the apricot molecular maps constructed with phenotypic data revealed a major QTL on linkage group 1 and two small loci on LG3 and LG5, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Resistance to Sharka, Apricot, Plum Pox Virus

Kaynakça

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