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Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 163 - 176, 01.04.2011

Öz

Birçok endüstri alanında çeşitli krom bileşiklerinin aşırı kullanımı, çevrenin bu elementle kontaminasyonu konusunda endişenin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Kromun alınımı ve fitotoksik etkileri bu elementin oksidasyon durumuna bağlıdır. Kromun hem hekzavalent [Cr(VI)] hem de trivalent [Cr(III)] formu fitotoksiktir; fakat Cr(III)’a göre Cr(VI) daha toksiktir. Bitkiler Cr için spesifik bir transport sisteminden yoksun olduğu için sülfat ve demir gibi iyonların taşıyıcıları tarafından alınmaktadır. Krom fitotoksisitesi tohum çimlenmesi ve fide büyümesini inhibe etmekte, besin ve su dengesini bozmakta, pigmentleri degrade etmekte, heme enzimlerinin aktivitesini azaltmakta ve çeşitli metabolitlerin birikimini teşvik etmektedir. Krom fotosentez ve solunum gibi fizyolojik işlevlerde olumsuz etkilere neden olmaktadır. Krom oksidatif zarara neden olan reaktif oksijen türlerinin oluşumunu teşvik etmektedir. Reaktif oksijen türleri lipit peroksidasyonunu başlatma kapasitesine sahiptir. Organik asitler, antioksidant enzimler, prolin birikimi, metallotiyoneinler, alternatif oksidaz yolu ve stres proteinleri bitkilerde ağır metal toleransı mekanizmalarının bileşenleri olarak önemlidir ve toksik metallerin detoksifikasyonu ile ilişkilidir.

Kaynakça

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Chromium toxicity and cellular responses in plants

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 163 - 176, 01.04.2011

Öz

The extensive use of various chromium compounds in numerous industries has caused increasing concern about environmental contamination with this element. The uptake and phytotoxic effects of Cr depends on its oxidation state. Both hexavalent [Cr(VI)] and trivalent [Cr(III)] forms of Cr are phytotoxic, but Cr(VI) is more toxic than Cr(III). Since plants lack a specific transport system for Cr, it is taken up by carriers of essential ions such as sulfate or iron. Cr phytotoxicity inhibits seed germination and seedling growth, disrupts nutrient and water balance, degrades the pigments, reduces the activities of heme enzymes, and induces accumulation of various metabolites. Chromium causes deleterious effects on plant physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Chromium induces formation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative damage. The reactive oxygen species have the capacity to initiate lipid peroxidation. Organic acids, antioxidant enzymes, proline accumulation, metallothioneins, alternative oxidase pathway and stress proteins are important in plants as components of tolerance mechanisms and are also involved in detoxification of toxic metals.

Kaynakça

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  • Del Rio, L.A., et al., Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Peroxisomes. Production, Scavenging, and Role in Cell Signaling, Plant Physiol., 141, 330-335, 2006.
  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C., Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2004.
  • Diwan, H., et al., Induction of Phytochelatins and Antioxidant Defence System in Brassica juncea and Vigna radiata in Response to Chromium Treatments, Plant Growth Regul., 61, 97-107, 2010.
  • Rauser, W.E., The Structure and Function of Metal Chelators Produced by Plants, Cell Biol. Biophys., 31, 19-48, 1999.
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  • Wu, L.H., et al., Effects of EDTA and Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids on Soil Solution Properties of a Heavy Metal Polluted Soil, Chemosphere, 50, 819-822, 2003.
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  • Caltado, D.A., et al., Organic Constituent and Complexation of Nickel (II), Cadmium (II) and Plutonium (VI) in Soybean Xylem Exudates, Plant Physiol., 86, 734-739, 1988.
  • Barlett, J.R., James, B.R., Mobility and Bioavailability of Chromium in Soils, pp.267-304, In: Nriagu, J.O., Nieboer, E., (Eds), Chromium in Natural and Human Environment, John Wiley And Sons Inc., New York, 1988.
  • Srivastava, S., et al., Fate of Trivalent Chromium in Presence of Organic Acids, Chem. Spec. Bioavailab., 10, 147-150, 1999.
  • Zeng, F.R., et al., Genotypic and Environmental Variation in Chromium, Cadmium and Lead Concentrations in Rice, Environ. Pollut., 153, 309-314, 2008.
  • Jean, L., et al., Effect of Citric Acid and EDTA on Chromium and Nickel Uptake and Translocation by Datura innoxia, Environ. Pollut., 153, 555-563, 2008.
  • Liszkay, A., et al., Production of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (O2·-, H2O2, and OH) by Maize Roots and Their Role in Wall Loosening and Elongation Growth, Plant Physiol., 136, 3114-3123, 2004.
  • Noctor, G., Foyer, C.H., Ascorbate and Glutathione: Keeping Active Oxygen Under Control, Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 49, 249-279, 1998.
  • Gupta, K.J., et al., In Higher Plants, Only Root Mitochondria, But Not Leaf Mitochondria Reduce Nitrite to NO, In Vitro and In Situ, J. Exp. Bot., 56, 2601-2609, 2005.
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  • Pekker, I., et al., Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Glutathione Regulate The Expression of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase During Iron-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Bean, Plant Mol. Biol., 49, 429-438, 2002.
  • Dey, S.K., et al., Antioxidative Efficiency of Triticum aestivum L. Exposed to Chromium Stress, J. Environ. Biol., 30, 539-544, 2009.
  • Ganesh, K.S., Chromium Stress Induced Alterations in Biochemical and Enzyme Metabolism In Aquatic and Terrestrial Plants, Colloid. Surface. B., 63, 159-163, 2008.
  • Samantaray, S., et al., Induction, Selection and Characterization of Cr and Ni-Tolerant Cell Lines of Echinochloa colona (L.) In Vitro, J. Plant Physiol., 158, 1281-1290, 2001.
  • Willekens, H., et al., Catalase Is A Sink for H2O2 and Is Indispensable for Stress Defense in C-3 Plants, EMBOJ, 16, 4806-4816, 1997.
  • Verbruggen, N., Hermans, C., Proline Accumulation in Plants: A Review, Amino Acids, 35, 753-759, 2008.
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  • Siripornadulsil, S., et al., Molecular Mechanisms of Proline-Mediated Tolerance to Toxic Heavy Metals in Transgenic Microalgae, Plant Cell, 14, 2837-2847, 2002.
  • Abraham, E., et al., Light-Dependent Induction of Proline Biosynthesis by Abscisic Acid and Salt Stress is Inhibited by Brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis, Plant Mol. Biol., 51, 363-372, 2003.
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  • Garcia-Hernandez, M., et al., Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Have Distinct But Overlapping Expression Patterns in Arabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 118, 387-397, 1998.
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  • Xiang, C., Oliver, D.J., Glutathione Metabolic Genes Coordinately Respond to Heavy Metals and Jasmonic Acid in Arabidopsis, Plant Cell, 10, 1539-1550, 1998.
  • Cho, U.H., Park, J.O., Mercury-Induced Oxidative Stress in Tomato Seedlings, Plant Sci., 156, 1-6, 2000.
  • Didierjean, L., et al., Heavy Metal-Responsive Genes in Maize: Identification and Comparison of Their Expression upon Various Forms of Abiotic Stress, Planta, 199, 1-8, 1996.
  • Delhaize, E., et al., Effects of Cadmium on Gene Expression in Cadmium-Tolerant and Cadmium- Sensitive Datura innoxia Cells, Plant Mol. Biol., 12, 487-497, 1989.
  • Parsell, D.A., Lindquist, S., Heat Shock Proteins and Stress Tolerance, pp.457-494, In: Morimoto, R., Tissieres, A., Georgopoulos, C., (Eds), The Biology of Heat Shock Proteins and Molecular Chaperones, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA, 1994.
  • Downs, C.A., et al., The Chloroplast Small Heat-Shock Protein: Evidence For A General Role in Protecting Photosystem II Against Oxidative Stress and Photoinhibition, J. Plant Physiol., 155, 488-496, 1999.
  • Hamilton, E.W., Heckathorn, A., Mitochondrial Adaptations to NaCl Stress: Complex I is Protected by Anti-Oxidants and Small Heat Shock Proteins, Whereas Complex II is Protected by Proline and Betaine, Plant Physiol., 126, 1266-1274, 2001.
  • Neumann, D., How Does Armeria maritime Tolerate High Heavy Metal Concentrations, J. Plant Physiol., 146, 704-717, 1995.
  • Tseng, T.S., et al., The Heat-Shock Response in Rice Seedlings-Isolation, and Expression of cDNAs That Encode Class-I Low-Molecular-Weight Heat-Shock Proteins, Plant Cell Physiol., 34, 165-168, 1993.
  • Wollgiehn, R., Neumann, D., Metal Stress Response and Tolerance of Cultured Cells From Silene vulgaris and Lycopersicon peruvianum: Role of Heat Stress Proteins, J. Plant Physiol., 154, 547-553, 1999.
  • Goupil, P., et al., Expression of Stress-Related Genes in Tomato Plants Exposed to Arsenic and Chromium in Nutrient Solution, J. Plant Physiol., 166, 1446-1452, 2009.
  • Del Razo, L.M., et al., Stress Proteins Induced by Arsenic, Toxicol. App. Pharm., 177, 132-148. 2001.
  • Fagioni, M., et al., Proteomic Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes in the Thylakoid Membrane upon Cadmium Treatment, J. Proteome Res., 8, 310-326, 2009.
  • Baker, A.J.M., Brooks, R.R., Terrestrial Higher Plants Which Hyperaccumulate Metallic Elements: A Review of Their Distribution, Ecology and Phytochemistry, Biorecovery, 1, 81-126, 1989.
Toplam 134 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA82BJ79UR
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Mustafa Yıldız Bu kişi benim

Hakan Terzi Bu kişi benim

Behiye Uruşak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, M., Terzi, H., & Uruşak, B. (2011). Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 163-176.
AMA Yıldız M, Terzi H, Uruşak B. Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. Nisan 2011;27(2):163-176.
Chicago Yıldız, Mustafa, Hakan Terzi, ve Behiye Uruşak. “Bitkilerde Krom Toksisitesi Ve hücresel Cevaplar”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 27, sy. 2 (Nisan 2011): 163-76.
EndNote Yıldız M, Terzi H, Uruşak B (01 Nisan 2011) Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 27 2 163–176.
IEEE M. Yıldız, H. Terzi, ve B. Uruşak, “Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar”, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 163–176, 2011.
ISNAD Yıldız, Mustafa vd. “Bitkilerde Krom Toksisitesi Ve hücresel Cevaplar”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 27/2 (Nisan 2011), 163-176.
JAMA Yıldız M, Terzi H, Uruşak B. Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;27:163–176.
MLA Yıldız, Mustafa vd. “Bitkilerde Krom Toksisitesi Ve hücresel Cevaplar”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, 2011, ss. 163-76.
Vancouver Yıldız M, Terzi H, Uruşak B. Bitkilerde krom toksisitesi ve hücresel cevaplar. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;27(2):163-76.

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