KÜRESEL KİRLİLİK: DÜNYA, AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 134 - 149, 01.04.2011

Aysun Altıkat Fatma Ekmekyapar Torun Tuba Turan Bayram

Öz

Günümüzde, her geçen gün artan çevre sorunlarının başında gelen hava kirliliği, geleceğin dünyasını ciddi bir şekilde tehdit etmekte, ekolojik tehlikelerle karşı karşıya bırakmaktadır. Dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasına paralel olarak, artan enerji kullanımı, endüstrinin gelişimi ve şehirleşmeyle ortaya çıkan hava kirliliği insan sağlığı ve diğer canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. Bu araştırmada hava kirleticilerin başında gelen kloroflorokarbonlar, ozon tabakasının incelmesine ve dolayısıyla küresel ısınmaya neden olan maddeler, azotoksitler, kükürtdioksit ve sera gazlarının başında gelen karbondioksit emisyonları tüm dünya ülkeleri göz önüne alınarak ortaya konmuştur. Veriler Birleşmiş Milletler İstatistik Bölümü’nden (United Nations Statistics Division) alınmış, sonuçlar Türkiye’nin mevcut durumunu açıklar biçimde değerlendirilmiştir. İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi ve Uzun Menzilli Sınırlar Ötesi Hava Kirliliği Sözleşmesi gibi uluslararası sözleşme ve protokoller, bütün ülkeleri hava kirleticilerinin ölçülmesi, belirli plan ve programlar çerçevesinde azaltılması için zorlamaktadır. Sözleşme ve protokol metinleri, gelişim süreçleri, amaç, kapsam, hedef ve yaptırımları, sözleşmelere ait resmi web sitelerinden alınmıştır. Bu protokol ve sözleşmelerin hava kirletici maddelerin emisyonlarında ne tür değişimler gösterdiği yapılan bu araştırma sonucu görülmektedir. Yapılan sözleşmelerin pek çoğunda imzası bulunan Türkiye’nin durumu da dünya perspektifinden incelenmiş, küresel hava kirliliği resminde nerede olduğu ve nerede yer alması gerektiğine dair yaklaşımlar ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Azotoksit, hava kirliliği, karbondioksit, kloroflorokarbon, kükürtdioksit, ozontabakası

Global pollution: Instance of air pollution in the world, European Union and Turkey

Öz

Air pollution, which is among the most important environmental pollution types today, threatens the world of future and causes ecological dangers. Air pollution caused by increased use of energy due to the rapid increase in world population, developed industry and urbanisation can cause adverse effects on human health and other living organisms. In the present study, emissions of nitrogenoxide, sulphurdioxide, carbondioxide, which is the main greenhouse gas and forms the main air pollutants such as chlorofluorocarbons causing ozone layer depletion and consequently global warming were investigated by considering all the countries in the world. The data taken by United Nations Statics Division and the results evaluated Turkey’s present condition exactly. International regulations and treaties such as Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change put an obligation on countries to measure air pollutants, reduce air pollution in a certain plan and program. The contracts and protocol contracts, development process, aim, scopes and sanctions taken by official web sites. As the result of the study it was seen how these regulations and protocols have changed the emissions of air pollutants. Situation in Turkey, which signed many of these protocols on air pollution, was also evaluated from the perspective of the world. The study showed an approach for Turkey to find its place in the general picture of air pollution by defining its present situation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Air pollution, carbondioxide, chlorofluorocarbon, nitrogen oxide, ozone layer, sulphur dioxide

Kaynakça

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