Genetik mühendisliği yöntemleri kullanılarak virüse dirençli bitkilerin elde edilmesi

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 4, 328 - 339, 01.08.2010

Mikail Akbulut Osman Gülşen

Öz

Bilim adamları, viral veya nonviral orijinli genleri kültür bitkilerine aktararak, birçok bitkiye virüslere karşı direnç kazandırmışlardır. Tütün bitkisinde (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tütün mozaik virüsüne (TMV) karşı viral kılıf protein aracılığıyla oluşturulan direnç, tarihsel olarak bunun ilk örneği olmuştur. Diğer birçok virüs türevli DNA dizilerinin bitki virüslerine karşı direnç sağladığı da gösterilmiştir. Bu diziler arasında, translasyon yapılmayan sense veya antisense RNA, satellit RNA, eksik (defektif) müdahale eden RNA, viral replikaz, proteaz, hareket proteinleri ve nötralize edici antikorlar sayılabilir. Virüsten türetilmiş genlere ek olarak bitkisel orijinli genlerde transgenik direnç için kullanılabilir. Bu direnç mekanizmasında, genler diğer direnç genlerinde (R genleri) olduğu gibi virüse özgü olabilir. Transgen aracılı direncin avantajlarına rağmen transgenik virüs dirençli bitkilerin üretimi ve kullanımı henüz yaygın olmayıp yakın gelecekte bu teknolojinin daha da yaygınlaşacağı düşünülmektedir. Kısaca bu makalede, ekonomik olarak önemli kültür bitkilerine virüs direncini aktarmak için kullanılan rekombinant DNA teknolojisinin stratejileri ve güncel uygulamaları özetlenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Patojen kaynaklı direnç, transgenik bitki, bitki virüsleri, virüs dirençli bitkiler

Genetically Engineered Plants Resistant Against Plant Viruses

Öz

In Nicotiana tabacum, resistance mechanism achieved by transfering viral coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was the first example of this approach. Many other viral DNA sequences were determined to be effective in obtaining virus resistant plants. Among these, non-translated sense and antisense RNA, satellite RNA, defective RNA interfering, viral replicase, protease, movement proteins, and neutrelazing anticore. In addition to viral sequences or genes, non-viral plant virus resistance genes can be used to develop transgenic virus resistance plants. In this, the genes, like the other resistance genes, could be virus spesific. In spite of advantages of transgene-mediated resistance in plants, this mechanism is not widespread to date, but have potential in future applications. Briefly, in this study various recombinant DNA technologies used for increasing plant resistance to viruses and currect applications will be summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pathogen derived resistance, transgenic plants, plant viruses, virus resistant plants

Kaynakça

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