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İKTİSATTA ÇEVRECİ DÖNÜŞÜM: EKOLOJİK MAKRO İKTİSAT

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 51, 127 - 149, 04.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.402928

Öz

Çevre ve doğal kaynaklar sorunu iktisat literatüründe
uzun bir geçmişe sahip olsa da artan sanayileşme ve kentleşmeye paralel olarak son
elli yıldır daha çok dikkat çeken bir konu haline gelmiştir ve iktisatta
çevreci bir dönüşüm süreci başlamıştır. Bu doğrultuda geleneksel iktisat
anlayışına bağlı olarak çevre ekonomisi ve doğal kaynaklar ekonomisi gibi alt
disiplinler oluşturulmuştur. 1980’li yıllarda ise çevre ve doğal kaynakları
daha geniş bir perspektifte öncelikli odak noktası haline getiren ekolojik
iktisat akımı doğmuştur. Bu çerçevede alternatif büyüme modellerinin oluşturulması
ve ekolojik kısıtların IS-LM analizine dahil edilmesi gibi önemli gayretler
ekolojik makro iktisat yaklaşımının temellerini zenginleştirmiştir. Bu çalışma,
literatürde giderek artan önemine binaen, ekolojik iktisat yaklaşımı ve bu
yaklaşımın temel odak noktalarını ana akım iktisat ile karşılaştırmakta ve
ekolojik makro iktisadi modellemeler ve bunların çıkarımlarını ele almaktadır. 

Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., Bursztyn, L. ve Hemous, D. (2012) "The Environment and Directed Technical Change" The American Economic Review, 102(1): 131–166.
  • Acemoglu, D., Akcigit, U., Hanley, D. ve Kerr, W. (2016) "Transition to Clean Technology" Journal of Political Economy, 124(1): 52–104.
  • Ackerman, F., Stanton, E. A. ve Bueno, R. (2010) "Fat Tails, Exponents, Extreme Uncertainty: Simulating Catastrophe in DICE" Ecological Economics, 69(8): 1657–1665.
  • Aghion, P., Dechezleprêtre, A., Hémous, D., Martin, R. ve Van Reenen, J. (2016) "Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry" Journal of Political Economy, 124(1): 1–51.
  • Aghion, P. ve Howit, P. (1998) Endogenous Growth Theory, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Arrow, K., Bolin, B., Costanza, R., Dasgupta, P., Folke, C., Holling, C. S., … Pimentel, D.
  • (1995) "Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment" Science, 268: 13–15.
  • Asafu-Adjaye, J. (2000) "The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Asian Developing Countries" Energy Economics, 22(6): 615–625.
  • Barbier, E. B. (1999) "Endogenous Growth and Natural Resource Scarcity" Environmental and Resource Economics, 14(1): 51–74.
  • Bartelmus, P. (2008). Quantitative Eco-Nomics: How Sustainable Are Our Economies?, Springer, Netherlands.
  • Bergaentzlé, C., Clastres, C. ve Khalfallah, H. (2014) "Demand-side Management and European Environmental and Energy Goals: An Optimal Complementary Approach" Energy Policy, 67: 858–869.
  • Brock, W. A. ve Taylor, M. S. (2010) "The Green Solow model" Journal of Economic Growth, 15(2): 127–153.
  • Ceddia, M. G. ve Zepharovich, E. (2017) "Jevons Paradox and The Loss of Natural Habitat in the Argentinean Chaco: The Impact of the Indigenous Communities’ Land Titling and the Forest Law in The Province of Salta" Land Use Policy, 69: 608–617.
  • Cole, Matthew A. (1999) “Limits to Growth, Sustainable Development and Environmental Kuznets Curves: An Examination of the Environmental Impact of Economic Development” Sustainable Development, 7: 87-97.
  • Common, M. ve Stagl, S. (2005) Ecological Economics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Costanza, R. (1989) "What is Ecological Economics?" Ecological Economics, 1(1), 1–7.
  • Costanza, R. ve Daly, H. E. (1987) "Toward an Ecological Economics" Ecological Modelling, 38(1–2): 1–7.
  • Costanza, R., Daly, H. E. ve Bartholomew, J. A. (1991) "Goals, agenda, and policy recommendations for ecological economics" R. Costanza (Ed.) Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability (s. 525), New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Czech, B. (2009) Ecological Economics. Center for the Advancement of Steady State Economy, http://steadystate.org/wp-content/uploads/Czech_ Ecological_Economics.pdf (6.3.2015).
  • Dafermos, Y., Nikolaidi, M. ve Galanis, G. (2017) "A Stock-Flow-Fund Ecological Macroeconomic Model" Ecological Economics, 131: 191–207.
  • Daly, H. E. (1991) "Elements of Environmental of Macroeconomics" R. Costanza (Ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability, New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Daly, H. E. (1997a) "Georgescu-Roegen versus Solow/Stiglitz" Ecological Economics, 22(3): 261–266.
  • Daly, H. E. (1997b) "Reply to Solow/Stiglitz" Ecological Economics, 22(3): 271–273.
  • Daly, H. E. ve Farley J. (2004) Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications, Island Press, Washington.
  • Daly, H. E. ve Farley, J. C. (2011) Ecological economics : Principles and Applications. Washington D.C, Island Press.
  • Dhont, R. (2010) "A Steady-State Economy (Herman Daly)" - REBEL WP2: http://www.responsiblebusiness.eu/display/rebwp2/A+steady-state+economy+%28Herman+Daly%29 (12.02.2018)
  • Dinda, S. (2004) "Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey" Ecological Economics, 49(4): 431–455.
  • Fontana, G. ve Sawyer, M. (2013) "Post-Keynesian and Kaleckian Thoughts on Ecological Macroeconomics" European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 10(2): 256–267.
  • Fontana, G. ve Sawyer, M. (2016) "Towards post-Keynesian Ecological Macroeconomics". Ecological Economics, 121: 186–195.
  • Galeotti, M., Lanza, A. ve Pauli, F. (2006) "Reassessing the Environmental Kuznets Eurve for CO2 Emissions: A Robustness Exercise" Ecological Economics, 57(1): 152–163.
  • Gradus, R. ve Smulders, S. (1993) "The Trade-off Between Environmental Care and Long-Term Growth? Pollution in Three Prototype Growth Models" Journal of Economics, 58(1): 25–51.
  • Grimaud, A. (1999) "Pollution Permits and Sustainable Growth in a Schumpeterian Model" Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 38(3): 249–266.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991) "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement" National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 3914: 1–57.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1995) "Economic Growth and the Environment" The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2): 353–377.
  • Gunderson, R. ve Yun, S.-J. (2017) "South Korean Green Growth And The Jevons Paradox: An Assessment with Democratic and Degrowth Policy Recommendations" Journal of Cleaner Production, 144: 239–247.
  • Hardt, L. ve O’Neill, D. W. (2017) "Ecological Macroeconomic Models: Assessing Current Developments" Ecological Economics, 134: 198–211.
  • Harris, M. J. (2000) “Basic Principles of Sustainable Development, Global Development and Environment Institute” Working Paper 010-04, https://notendur.hi.is/bdavids/UAU101/Readings/Harris_2000_Sustainable_development.pdf (01.03.215).
  • Holm, S.-O. ve Englund, G. (2009) "Increased ecoefficiency and gross rebound effect: Evidence from USA and six European countries 1960–2002" Ecological Economics, 68(3): 879–887.
  • Hussen, A. M. (2004) Principles of Environmental Economics. Second Edition, Routledge, London and New York.
  • Illge, L. ve Schwarze, R. (2006) “A Matter of Opinion: How Ecological and Neoclassical Environmental Economists Think About Sustaianbility and Economics”. German Institute for Economic Research, Discussion Paper, 619. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/18512/1/dp619.pdf (20.12.2017).
  • IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ (20.12.2017).
  • IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ (20.12.2017).
  • Jackson, T., Drake, B., Victor, P., Kratena, K. ve Sommer, M. (2014). Foundations for an Ecological Macroeconomics: Literature Review and Model Development (No. 65). http://www.foreurope.eu/fileadmin/documents/pdf/Workingpapers/%0AWWWforEurope_WPS_no065_MS38.pdf (08.01.2018).
  • Jackson, T. ve Victor, P. A. (2015) "Does Credit Create A “Growth Imperative? A Quasi-Stationary Economy With Interest-Bearing Debt" Ecological Economics, 120: 32–48.
  • Jackson, T. ve Victor, P. A. (2016) "Does slow Growth Lead to Rising Inequality? Some Theoretical Reflections and Numerical Simulations" Ecological Economics, 121: 206–219.
  • Kula, E. (1998) History of Environmental Economic Thought. Routledge, London; New York.
  • Lawn, P. A. (2003). "On Heyes’ IS-LM-EE Proposal to Establish an Environmental Macroeconomics" Environment and Development Economics, 8(1): 31–56.
  • Morales, C. A. L. (2007) "Environmental Macroeconomics: From the IS LM EE Model to a Social Welfare Approach" International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 3(3/4): 301.
  • Moshiri, S. ve Aliyev, K. (2017) "Rebound effect Of Efficiency Improvement in Passenger Cars on Gasoline Consumption in Canada" Ecological Economics, 131: 330–341.
  • Müller-Fürstenberger, G. ve Wagner, M. (2007) "Exploring The Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis: Theoretical And Econometric Problems" Ecological Economics, 62(3): 648–660.
  • Nordhaus W. D. (2007a). The Challenge of Global Warming: Economic Models and Environmental Policy. Yale: Yale University.
  • Nordhaus W. D. (2007b). “To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming”. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 1 (1): 26-45.
  • O’Neill, D. W. (2012) "Measuring Progress in the Degrowth Transition to a Steady State Economy" Ecological Economics, 84: 221–231.
  • O’Neill, D. W. (2015) "What Should Be Held Steady in a Steady-State Economy?: Interpreting Daly’s Definition at the National Level" Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(4): 552–563.
  • Polimeni, J. M. ve Polimeni, R. I. (2006) "Jevons’ Paradox and the Myth of Technological Liberation" Ecological Complexity, 3(4): 344–353.
  • Reyes, R. C. (2011) "The Green Solow Model with Natural Resources Constraint: A Theoretical Note" DLSU Business and Economics Review, 21(1): 111–116.
  • Rezai, A. ve Stagl, S. (2016) "Ecological Macroeconomics: Introduction and Review. Ecological Economics, 121: 181–185.
  • Rezai, A., Taylor, L. ve Mechler, R. (2013) "Ecological Macroeconomics: An Application to Climate Change" Ecological Economics, 85: 69–76.
  • Røpke, I. (2004) "The early History of Modern Ecological Economics" Ecological Economics, 50(3): 293–314.
  • Røpke, I. (2005) "Trends in the Development of Ecological Economics from the Late 1980s to the Early 2000s" Ecological Economics, 55(2): 262–290.
  • Røpke, I. (2013) "Ecological macroeconomics: implications for the roles of consumer-citizens" M. J. Cohen vd. (Eds.) Innovations in Sustainable Consumption: New Economics, Socio-Technical Transitions and Social Practices (ss. 48–64). Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
  • Schlauch, M. ve Palmisano, G. (2013) The Transition from the Neoclassical Growth Model to Ecology (MPRA Working Paper No. 45867), https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45867/ (15.12.2017).
  • Solow, R. M. (1956)."A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth" The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1): 65–94.
  • Song, J., Guo, Y., Wu, P. ve Sun, Sh. (2018) "The Agricultural Water Rebound Effect in China" Ecological Economics, 146: 497–506.
  • Springmann, M., Mason-D’Croz, D., Robinson, S., Garnett, T., Godfray, H. C. J., Gollin, D., … Scarborough, P. (2016) "Global and Regional Health Effects of Future Food Production Under Climate Change: A Modelling Study" The Lancet, 387(10031): 1937–1946.
  • Stagl, S. (2014) "Ecological Macroeconomics: Reflections on Labour Markets" European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 11(2): 171–181. Stern, D. (1997) “Van Den Berg: Ecological Economics” The Economic Journal, 107(445): 1905-1907.
  • Stern, D. I. (2004) "Environmental Kuznets Curve" Encyclopedia of Energy (ss. 517–525). http://www.sterndavidi.com/Publications/EKC.pdf (17.12.2017).
  • Stern, D. I. (2015) The environmental Kuznets curve after 25 years (CCEP Working Paper No. 1514). Crawford. https://ccep.crawford.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publication/ccep_crawford_anu_edu_au/2016-01/ccep1514_0.pdf (17.12.2017).
  • Stern, D. I., Common, M. S. ve Barbier, E. B. (1996) "Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Sustainable Development" World Development, 24(7): 1151–1160.
  • Stiglitz, J. (1974) "Growth with Exhaustible Natural Resources: Efficient and Optimal Growth Paths" The Review of Economic Studies, 41: 123.
  • Stokey, N. L. (1998) "Are There Limits to Growth?" International Economic Review, 39(1): 1.
  • Taylor, L., Rezai, A. ve Foley, D. K. (2016) "An integrated approach to climate change, income distribution, employment, and economic growth" Ecological Economics, 121: 196–205.
  • Tomanbay, M. (2008) Dünyada Su ve Küresel Isınma Sorunu, Phoenix Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Ulucak, R. ve Erdem, E. (2017) "Ekonomik Büyüme Modellerinde Çevre: Ekolojik Ayak İzini Esas Alan Bir Uygulama" Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4): 115–147.
  • Wagner, M. (2008) "The carbon Kuznets curve: A cloudy picture emitted by bad econometrics?" Resource and Energy Economics, 30(3): 388–408.
  • Van Den Bergh, J.C.J.M. (2001) "Ecological Economics: Themes, Approaches, and Differences with Environmental Economics" Regional Environmental Change, 2(1): 13-23.
  • Zhang, J. ve Lin Lawell, C. (2017) "The Macroeconomic Rebound Effect in China". Energy Economics, 67: 202–212.

THE EVOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VIEWPOINT IN ECONOMICS: ECOLOGICAL MACROECONOMICS

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 51, 127 - 149, 04.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.402928

Öz

The evolution of environmental thinking has become
apparent in economics in parallel with the increase in industrialization and
urbanization, although environment and natural resources matters have a long
history in its literature. To this end, environmental economics and natural
resources economics have started to become widespread fields as subdisciplines
of economics. On the other hand, ecological economics that primarily focuses on
resources and environment in a broad perspective has emerged in 1980s. In this
framework, the important efforts, such as alternative growth models and
inclusion of ecological constraints into IS-LM analyses, have strenghtened the
underpinnings of ecological economics. Thus, considering gradually increasing
importance of environmental issues in economics, this study addresses
ecological economics approach by comparing with main stream economics from
various aspects, as well as ecological macroeconomic modellings and
implications.

Kaynakça

  • Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., Bursztyn, L. ve Hemous, D. (2012) "The Environment and Directed Technical Change" The American Economic Review, 102(1): 131–166.
  • Acemoglu, D., Akcigit, U., Hanley, D. ve Kerr, W. (2016) "Transition to Clean Technology" Journal of Political Economy, 124(1): 52–104.
  • Ackerman, F., Stanton, E. A. ve Bueno, R. (2010) "Fat Tails, Exponents, Extreme Uncertainty: Simulating Catastrophe in DICE" Ecological Economics, 69(8): 1657–1665.
  • Aghion, P., Dechezleprêtre, A., Hémous, D., Martin, R. ve Van Reenen, J. (2016) "Carbon Taxes, Path Dependency, and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Auto Industry" Journal of Political Economy, 124(1): 1–51.
  • Aghion, P. ve Howit, P. (1998) Endogenous Growth Theory, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
  • Arrow, K., Bolin, B., Costanza, R., Dasgupta, P., Folke, C., Holling, C. S., … Pimentel, D.
  • (1995) "Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment" Science, 268: 13–15.
  • Asafu-Adjaye, J. (2000) "The Relationship Between Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Economic Growth: Time Series Evidence from Asian Developing Countries" Energy Economics, 22(6): 615–625.
  • Barbier, E. B. (1999) "Endogenous Growth and Natural Resource Scarcity" Environmental and Resource Economics, 14(1): 51–74.
  • Bartelmus, P. (2008). Quantitative Eco-Nomics: How Sustainable Are Our Economies?, Springer, Netherlands.
  • Bergaentzlé, C., Clastres, C. ve Khalfallah, H. (2014) "Demand-side Management and European Environmental and Energy Goals: An Optimal Complementary Approach" Energy Policy, 67: 858–869.
  • Brock, W. A. ve Taylor, M. S. (2010) "The Green Solow model" Journal of Economic Growth, 15(2): 127–153.
  • Ceddia, M. G. ve Zepharovich, E. (2017) "Jevons Paradox and The Loss of Natural Habitat in the Argentinean Chaco: The Impact of the Indigenous Communities’ Land Titling and the Forest Law in The Province of Salta" Land Use Policy, 69: 608–617.
  • Cole, Matthew A. (1999) “Limits to Growth, Sustainable Development and Environmental Kuznets Curves: An Examination of the Environmental Impact of Economic Development” Sustainable Development, 7: 87-97.
  • Common, M. ve Stagl, S. (2005) Ecological Economics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Costanza, R. (1989) "What is Ecological Economics?" Ecological Economics, 1(1), 1–7.
  • Costanza, R. ve Daly, H. E. (1987) "Toward an Ecological Economics" Ecological Modelling, 38(1–2): 1–7.
  • Costanza, R., Daly, H. E. ve Bartholomew, J. A. (1991) "Goals, agenda, and policy recommendations for ecological economics" R. Costanza (Ed.) Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability (s. 525), New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Czech, B. (2009) Ecological Economics. Center for the Advancement of Steady State Economy, http://steadystate.org/wp-content/uploads/Czech_ Ecological_Economics.pdf (6.3.2015).
  • Dafermos, Y., Nikolaidi, M. ve Galanis, G. (2017) "A Stock-Flow-Fund Ecological Macroeconomic Model" Ecological Economics, 131: 191–207.
  • Daly, H. E. (1991) "Elements of Environmental of Macroeconomics" R. Costanza (Ed.), Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability, New York, Columbia University Press.
  • Daly, H. E. (1997a) "Georgescu-Roegen versus Solow/Stiglitz" Ecological Economics, 22(3): 261–266.
  • Daly, H. E. (1997b) "Reply to Solow/Stiglitz" Ecological Economics, 22(3): 271–273.
  • Daly, H. E. ve Farley J. (2004) Ecological Economics: Principles and Applications, Island Press, Washington.
  • Daly, H. E. ve Farley, J. C. (2011) Ecological economics : Principles and Applications. Washington D.C, Island Press.
  • Dhont, R. (2010) "A Steady-State Economy (Herman Daly)" - REBEL WP2: http://www.responsiblebusiness.eu/display/rebwp2/A+steady-state+economy+%28Herman+Daly%29 (12.02.2018)
  • Dinda, S. (2004) "Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey" Ecological Economics, 49(4): 431–455.
  • Fontana, G. ve Sawyer, M. (2013) "Post-Keynesian and Kaleckian Thoughts on Ecological Macroeconomics" European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 10(2): 256–267.
  • Fontana, G. ve Sawyer, M. (2016) "Towards post-Keynesian Ecological Macroeconomics". Ecological Economics, 121: 186–195.
  • Galeotti, M., Lanza, A. ve Pauli, F. (2006) "Reassessing the Environmental Kuznets Eurve for CO2 Emissions: A Robustness Exercise" Ecological Economics, 57(1): 152–163.
  • Gradus, R. ve Smulders, S. (1993) "The Trade-off Between Environmental Care and Long-Term Growth? Pollution in Three Prototype Growth Models" Journal of Economics, 58(1): 25–51.
  • Grimaud, A. (1999) "Pollution Permits and Sustainable Growth in a Schumpeterian Model" Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 38(3): 249–266.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991) "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement" National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No. 3914: 1–57.
  • Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1995) "Economic Growth and the Environment" The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2): 353–377.
  • Gunderson, R. ve Yun, S.-J. (2017) "South Korean Green Growth And The Jevons Paradox: An Assessment with Democratic and Degrowth Policy Recommendations" Journal of Cleaner Production, 144: 239–247.
  • Hardt, L. ve O’Neill, D. W. (2017) "Ecological Macroeconomic Models: Assessing Current Developments" Ecological Economics, 134: 198–211.
  • Harris, M. J. (2000) “Basic Principles of Sustainable Development, Global Development and Environment Institute” Working Paper 010-04, https://notendur.hi.is/bdavids/UAU101/Readings/Harris_2000_Sustainable_development.pdf (01.03.215).
  • Holm, S.-O. ve Englund, G. (2009) "Increased ecoefficiency and gross rebound effect: Evidence from USA and six European countries 1960–2002" Ecological Economics, 68(3): 879–887.
  • Hussen, A. M. (2004) Principles of Environmental Economics. Second Edition, Routledge, London and New York.
  • Illge, L. ve Schwarze, R. (2006) “A Matter of Opinion: How Ecological and Neoclassical Environmental Economists Think About Sustaianbility and Economics”. German Institute for Economic Research, Discussion Paper, 619. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/18512/1/dp619.pdf (20.12.2017).
  • IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of The Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ (20.12.2017).
  • IPCC (2014), Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ (20.12.2017).
  • Jackson, T., Drake, B., Victor, P., Kratena, K. ve Sommer, M. (2014). Foundations for an Ecological Macroeconomics: Literature Review and Model Development (No. 65). http://www.foreurope.eu/fileadmin/documents/pdf/Workingpapers/%0AWWWforEurope_WPS_no065_MS38.pdf (08.01.2018).
  • Jackson, T. ve Victor, P. A. (2015) "Does Credit Create A “Growth Imperative? A Quasi-Stationary Economy With Interest-Bearing Debt" Ecological Economics, 120: 32–48.
  • Jackson, T. ve Victor, P. A. (2016) "Does slow Growth Lead to Rising Inequality? Some Theoretical Reflections and Numerical Simulations" Ecological Economics, 121: 206–219.
  • Kula, E. (1998) History of Environmental Economic Thought. Routledge, London; New York.
  • Lawn, P. A. (2003). "On Heyes’ IS-LM-EE Proposal to Establish an Environmental Macroeconomics" Environment and Development Economics, 8(1): 31–56.
  • Morales, C. A. L. (2007) "Environmental Macroeconomics: From the IS LM EE Model to a Social Welfare Approach" International Journal of Environment, Workplace and Employment, 3(3/4): 301.
  • Moshiri, S. ve Aliyev, K. (2017) "Rebound effect Of Efficiency Improvement in Passenger Cars on Gasoline Consumption in Canada" Ecological Economics, 131: 330–341.
  • Müller-Fürstenberger, G. ve Wagner, M. (2007) "Exploring The Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis: Theoretical And Econometric Problems" Ecological Economics, 62(3): 648–660.
  • Nordhaus W. D. (2007a). The Challenge of Global Warming: Economic Models and Environmental Policy. Yale: Yale University.
  • Nordhaus W. D. (2007b). “To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming”. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 1 (1): 26-45.
  • O’Neill, D. W. (2012) "Measuring Progress in the Degrowth Transition to a Steady State Economy" Ecological Economics, 84: 221–231.
  • O’Neill, D. W. (2015) "What Should Be Held Steady in a Steady-State Economy?: Interpreting Daly’s Definition at the National Level" Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(4): 552–563.
  • Polimeni, J. M. ve Polimeni, R. I. (2006) "Jevons’ Paradox and the Myth of Technological Liberation" Ecological Complexity, 3(4): 344–353.
  • Reyes, R. C. (2011) "The Green Solow Model with Natural Resources Constraint: A Theoretical Note" DLSU Business and Economics Review, 21(1): 111–116.
  • Rezai, A. ve Stagl, S. (2016) "Ecological Macroeconomics: Introduction and Review. Ecological Economics, 121: 181–185.
  • Rezai, A., Taylor, L. ve Mechler, R. (2013) "Ecological Macroeconomics: An Application to Climate Change" Ecological Economics, 85: 69–76.
  • Røpke, I. (2004) "The early History of Modern Ecological Economics" Ecological Economics, 50(3): 293–314.
  • Røpke, I. (2005) "Trends in the Development of Ecological Economics from the Late 1980s to the Early 2000s" Ecological Economics, 55(2): 262–290.
  • Røpke, I. (2013) "Ecological macroeconomics: implications for the roles of consumer-citizens" M. J. Cohen vd. (Eds.) Innovations in Sustainable Consumption: New Economics, Socio-Technical Transitions and Social Practices (ss. 48–64). Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
  • Schlauch, M. ve Palmisano, G. (2013) The Transition from the Neoclassical Growth Model to Ecology (MPRA Working Paper No. 45867), https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45867/ (15.12.2017).
  • Solow, R. M. (1956)."A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth" The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1): 65–94.
  • Song, J., Guo, Y., Wu, P. ve Sun, Sh. (2018) "The Agricultural Water Rebound Effect in China" Ecological Economics, 146: 497–506.
  • Springmann, M., Mason-D’Croz, D., Robinson, S., Garnett, T., Godfray, H. C. J., Gollin, D., … Scarborough, P. (2016) "Global and Regional Health Effects of Future Food Production Under Climate Change: A Modelling Study" The Lancet, 387(10031): 1937–1946.
  • Stagl, S. (2014) "Ecological Macroeconomics: Reflections on Labour Markets" European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, 11(2): 171–181. Stern, D. (1997) “Van Den Berg: Ecological Economics” The Economic Journal, 107(445): 1905-1907.
  • Stern, D. I. (2004) "Environmental Kuznets Curve" Encyclopedia of Energy (ss. 517–525). http://www.sterndavidi.com/Publications/EKC.pdf (17.12.2017).
  • Stern, D. I. (2015) The environmental Kuznets curve after 25 years (CCEP Working Paper No. 1514). Crawford. https://ccep.crawford.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publication/ccep_crawford_anu_edu_au/2016-01/ccep1514_0.pdf (17.12.2017).
  • Stern, D. I., Common, M. S. ve Barbier, E. B. (1996) "Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: The Environmental Kuznets Curve and Sustainable Development" World Development, 24(7): 1151–1160.
  • Stiglitz, J. (1974) "Growth with Exhaustible Natural Resources: Efficient and Optimal Growth Paths" The Review of Economic Studies, 41: 123.
  • Stokey, N. L. (1998) "Are There Limits to Growth?" International Economic Review, 39(1): 1.
  • Taylor, L., Rezai, A. ve Foley, D. K. (2016) "An integrated approach to climate change, income distribution, employment, and economic growth" Ecological Economics, 121: 196–205.
  • Tomanbay, M. (2008) Dünyada Su ve Küresel Isınma Sorunu, Phoenix Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Ulucak, R. ve Erdem, E. (2017) "Ekonomik Büyüme Modellerinde Çevre: Ekolojik Ayak İzini Esas Alan Bir Uygulama" Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(4): 115–147.
  • Wagner, M. (2008) "The carbon Kuznets curve: A cloudy picture emitted by bad econometrics?" Resource and Energy Economics, 30(3): 388–408.
  • Van Den Bergh, J.C.J.M. (2001) "Ecological Economics: Themes, Approaches, and Differences with Environmental Economics" Regional Environmental Change, 2(1): 13-23.
  • Zhang, J. ve Lin Lawell, C. (2017) "The Macroeconomic Rebound Effect in China". Energy Economics, 67: 202–212.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Recep Ulucak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2018
Kabul Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 51

Kaynak Göster

APA Ulucak, R. (2018). İKTİSATTA ÇEVRECİ DÖNÜŞÜM: EKOLOJİK MAKRO İKTİSAT. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(51), 127-149. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.402928

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