Market size effect and relationship between industrial trade: Sectoral panel data analysis for OECD countries

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 54, 392 - 416, 31.12.2019

Aykut Şarkgüneşi Hülya Miser

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.589455

Cited By: 1

Öz

Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) is defined as the simultaneous import and
export of products produced in the same sector. Home Market Effect (HME) is
defined as the proportional relationship between the share of a country in
world production in any good and the demand of that country for the same good.
When we consider the increasing returns to scale, the existence of imperfect
competition markets and transportation costs, HME has a result that a country
whose domestic demand is above the world average for any commodity has an above
average production share in the same production in the world. Since the Krugman
(1980), it has been seen that the HME thesis, which was put forward to
determine the components of international trade, has been tested in many
empirical studies. However, no study examining the effect of IIT and HME was
found. What motivates us for this study is the idea that it may be one of the
determinants of IIT, which is associated with market size, increasing returns
to scale and transport costs.

The aim of the study is to determine whether the effect of market size
is one of the determinants of IIT. In this context, dynamic panel data analysis
was performed by using the data of foreign trade data and country data of
manufacturing industry of 34 OECD countries between 2000-2016. According to the
results obtained, the coefficients of the variables (production scale,
transportation costs) that we included in the model representing the HME were
significant and it was concluded that the HME was a variable contributing to
IIT in accordance with our expectations. The most important contribution of
this study is to provide a new perspective on the effect of market size in
terms of IIT. In addition to the theoretical contribution of the results
obtained, it is thought that countries can shed light on the political practices
related to foreign trade components.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intra-Industry Trade, New Trade Theory, Market Size Effect, Grubel-Lloyd Index, Panel GMM

Pazar büyüklüğü etkisi ve endüstri içi ticaret ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri için sektörel panel veri analizi

Öz

Endüstri İçi Ticaret (EİT),
aynı sektörde üretilen ürünlerin eşanlı olarak ithalat ve ihracatı olarak
tanımlanmaktadır. Pazar Büyüklüğü Etkisi(PBE) ise, bir ülkenin herhangi bir
malda dünya üretimindeki payı ile aynı mal için o ülkenin talebi arasındaki
oransal ilişki olarak ifade edilmektedir. Ölçeğe göre artan getiri, aksak
rekabet piyasaları ve taşıma maliyetlerinin varlığını dikkate aldığımızda, PBE,
herhangi bir mala yönelik olarak yurt içi talebi dünya ortalamasının üstünde
olan bir ülkenin aynı malda dünya üretiminde de ortalamanın üzerinde üretim
payı olması şeklinde bir sonuç doğurmaktadır. Krugman (1980) ile uluslararası
ticaretin bileşenlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik olarak ortaya atılan PBE
tezinin günümüze kadar birçok ampirik çalışmada sınandığı görülmüştür. Ancak
EİT ve PBE’yi birlikte inceleyen çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmaya bizi
motive eden unsur pazar büyüklüğü, ölçeğe göre artan getiri ve taşıma
maliyetleri ile ilişkisi olan EİT’nin belirleyicilerinden biri olabileceği
düşüncesidir.

Çalışmanın amacı PBE’nin,
EİT’nin belirleyicilerinden birisi olup olmadığının ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu
bağlamda 34 OECD ülkesi, 2000-2016 yılları imalat sanayisi dış ticaret verileri
ve ülke verileri kullanılarak dinamik panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Elde
edilen sonuçlara göre PBE’yi temsilen modele dâhil ettiğimiz değişkenlerin
(üretim ölçeği, taşıma maliyetleri) katsayıları anlamlı çıkmış ve
beklentilerimize uygun şekilde PBE’nin EİT’ye katkıda bulunan bir değişken
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın en önemli katkısı PBE’ye EİT açısından
yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırılmış olmasıdır. 
Elde edilen sonuçların teorik katkısının yanı sıra ülkelerin dış ticaret
bileşenlerine yönelik politik uygulara da ışık tutabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstri İçi Ticaret, Yeni Dış Ticaret Teorisi, Pazar Büyüklüğü Etkisi, Grubel-Lloyd Endeksi, Panel GMM

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