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ENVIRONMENTAL TAX AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A PANEL VAR ANALYSIS

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 40, 43 - 65, 20.05.2015

Öz

In recent years there has been tremendous debate among academics and policy makers about the interactions between economic growth and environmental taxation. In this study, the relationship between environmental taxes and economic growth is analyzed using 29 European countries' yearly data for the period 1996 to 2010. The main objectives of this study are to determine the reaction of economic growth in the face of a shock in different kinds of environmental taxes and to examine whether environmental taxation has a positive or negative effect on national economies. Using Panel Vector Autoregressive models, we find positive and statistically significant responses to an environmental tax shock. 

Kaynakça

  • AHAMMAD, Helal, Robert CURTOTTI and Andrew GURNEY; (2004), “A Possible Japanese Carbon Tax: Implications for the Australian Energy Sector”, Internet Address: http://adl.brs.gov.au/data/ warehouse /pe_abarebrs99001093/PC12788.pdf, Date of Access:14.05.2012.
  • ANDERSEN, Mikael Skou; (2007), “Carbon-Energy Taxation Contributed To Economic Growth” Internet Address: http://www.dmu.dk/en/news/old- archive/2007/co2tax/, Date of Access: 02.01.2013.
  • BOUBTANE, Ekrame and Dramane COULIBALY; (2011), “Immigration, Growth and Unemployment: Panel Var Evidence From OECD Coun- tries”, Internet Address: http://www.univorleans.fr/leo/infer/ COU- LIBALY.pdf, Date of Access:14.05.2012
  • BOUVATIER, Vincent, Antonia LÓPEZ-VILLAVICENCIO and Valérie MI- GNON; (2012), “Does The Banking Sector Structure Matter For Credit Procyclicality?”, Economic Modelling, 29, pp. 1035–1044.
  • BOVENBERG, A. Lans and Lawrence H. GOULDER; (1997), “Costs of Envi- ronmentally Motivated Taxes in the Presence of Other Taxes: General Equilibrium Analyses”, NBER Working Paper 5117, Internet Ad- dress: http://www.nber.org/papers/w5117, Date of Access: 03.01.2013.
  • BOVENBERG, Lans and Ruud A de MOOIJ; (1997), “Environmental Tax Reform and Endogenous Growth”, Journal of Public Economics, 63, pp. 207–237.
  • BOVENBERG, Lans and Sjak SMULDERS; (1995), “Environmental Quality and Pollution-Augmenting Technological Change in a Two-Sector Endogenous Growth Model”, Journal of Public Economics, 57, pp. 369-391.
  • CAO, Jing; (2007), “Essays On Environmental Tax Policy Analysis: Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approaches Applied To China”, Un- published PhD Thesis, Cambridge: Harvard University.
  • CHOI, In; (2001), “Unit Root Tests for Panel Data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20, pp. 249–272.
  • CONEFREY, Thomas, John D. Fitz GERALD, Laura Malaguzzi VALERI and Richard S.J. TOL; (2008), “The Impact of a Carbon Tax on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Ireland”, Internet Address: http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20080821092420/WP251.pdf, Date of Access: 26.12.2012.
  • CUERVO, Javier and Ved P. GANDHI; (1998), “Carbon Taxes: Their Macroe- conomic Effects and Prospects for Global Adoption – A Survey of the Literature”, IMF Working Paper 98/73, Internet Address: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9873.pdf, Date of Access:
  • DALY, Herman; (1991), Steady State Economics, Washington DC: Island Press.
  • EKINS, Paul; (1999), “European Environmental Taxes and Charges: Recent Experience, Issues and Trends” Ecological Economics, 31, pp. 39-62.
  • EWİJK, Casper Van and Sweder Van WIJNBERGEN; (1995), “Can Abatement Overcome The Conflict Between Environment and Economic Growth?”, De Economist, 143, pp. 197–216.
  • FILIPPAKI, Anastasia and Emmanuel MAMATZAKIS; (2009), “Performance and Merton-Type Default Risk Of Listed Banks in The EU: A Panel VAR”, Approach Journal of Banking & Finance, 33, pp. 2050–2061.
  • FULLERTON, Don and Gilbert E. METCALF; (1997), “Environmental Taxes and the Double-dividend Hypothesis: Did You Really Expect Some- thing for Nothing?”, NBER Working Paper 6199, Internet Address: http://www.nber.org/papers/w6199, Date of Access: 03.01.2013.
  • GALEOTTI, Marzio; (2007), “Economic Growth and The Quality of the Envi- ronment: Taking Stock Environment”, Development and Sustainabil- ity, 9(4), pp. 427-454.
  • GARITA, Gus; (2011), "The Reciprocal Relationship Between Systemic Risk and Real Economic Activity", MPRA Paper 33135, Internet Address: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33135/1/MPRA_paper_33135.pdf, Date of Access: 25.06.2012.
  • GOLLOP, Frank and Mark ROBERTS; (1983), "Environmental Regulations and Productivity Growth: The Case of Fossil-fueled Electric Power Generation", Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), pp. 654 - 674.
  • GOULDER, Lawrence H.; (1995), “Environmental Taxation and the Double Dividend: A Reader’s Guide”, International Tax and Public Finance, 2(2), pp. 157–183.
  • GRADUS, Raymond and Sjak SMULDERS; (1993), “The Trade-Off Between Environmental Care and Long-Term Growth-Pollution in Three Proto- type Growth Models”, Journal of Economics, 58(1), pp. 25–51.
  • GROSSMAN, Gene M. and Alan B. KRUEGER; (1995), “Economic Growth and The Environment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, pp. 353-77.
  • IM, Kyung So, M. Hashem PESARAN and Yongcheol SHİN; (2003), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115, pp. 53–74.
  • International Institute For Labour Studies (IILS); (2011), “The Double Div- idend and Environmental Tax Reforms in Europe”, EC-IILS Joınt Dis- cussion Paper Series, Internet Address: http://www.ilo.org/ pub- lic/english/bureau/inst/research/ecinst/dp13.pdf, Date of Access:
  • ITAYA, Jun-ichi; (2008), “Can Environmental Taxation Stimulate Growth? The Role of Indeterminacy in Endogenous Growth Models with Envi- ronmental Externalities”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Con- trol, 32, pp. 1156-1180.
  • JAAFAR, Abdul Hamid, Abul Quasem AL-AMİN and Chamhuri SİWAR; “A CGE Analysis of the Economic Impact of Output-Specific Carbon Tax on the Malaysian Economy”, MPRA Paper No. 10210, Internet Ad- dress: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10210/, Date of Access: 05.01.2013.
  • KIM, Soyoung and Jong-Wha LEE; (2008), “Demographic Changes, Saving, and Current Account: An Analysis Based on a Panel VAR Model”, Ja- pan and the World Economy, 20(2), pp.236–56.
  • KUZNETS, Simon; (1955), “Economic Growth and Income Inequality”, The American Economic Review, 45(1), pp. 1-28.
  • LABANDEİRA, Xavier, Jose LABEAGA and Miguel RODRÍGUEZ; (2004), “Green Tax Reforms in Spain”, European Environment, 14, pp. 290- 299.
  • LEITER, Andrea M., Arno PAROLINI and Hannes WINNER; (2009), “Envi- ronmental Regulation and Investment: Evidence from European Indus- tries”, Working Papers in Economics and Statistics, Internet Ad- dress: Date of Access: 01.01.2013.
  • LEVIN, Andrew, Chien-Fu and Chia-Shang CHU; (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108, pp. 1–24.
  • LOVE, Inesa and Lea ZICCHINO; (2006), “Financial Development and Dy- namic Investment Behavior; Evidence from Panel VAR”, The Quar- terly Journal Review of Economics and Finance, 46, pp.190-210.
  • LU, Zhen, Geoff COCKFIELD and Yahua ZHANG; (2011), “The Effective- ness of Using Carbon Tax to Reduce Carbon Emissions in China: Evi- dence http://www.wbiconpro.com/222 Zhen.pdf, Date of Access: 07.01.2013. CGE Model, Internet Address:
  • LÜTKEPOHL, Helmut; (2005), New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis, First Edition, Berlin: Springer.
  • MADDALA, Gangadharrao Soundalyarao and Shaowen WU; (1999), “A Com- parative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, pp. 631–52.
  • MARKANDYA, Anil; (2005), “Environmental Implications of Non- Environmental Policies”, in Karl-Goran MALER and Jeffery VIN- CENT (Ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Economics, Amster- dam: North Holland/Elsevier Science, pp. 1353-1401.
  • McDougall, Robert Andrew; (1993), "Short-Run Effects of A Carbon Tax", Centre of Policy Studies/IMPACT Centre Working Papers, Internet Address: Date of Access: 02.01.2013.
  • MEADOWS, Donella H., Dennis L. MEADOWS, Jİrgen RANDERS and Wil- liam W. BEHRENS; (1972), The Limits to Growth, First Edition, New York: Universe Books.
  • MORLEY, Bruce and Sabah ABDULLAH; (2010), “Environmental Taxes and Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Causality Tests”, Internet Ad- dress: http://www.bath.ac.uk/economics/research/workingpapers.html, Date of Access: 04.01.2013.
  • PANAYOTOU, Theodore; (2003), “Economic Growth and The Environment” Internet Address: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM /ead/sem/ sem2003/papers/panayotou.pdf, Date of Access: 16.06.2012.
  • PEARCE, David; (1991), “The Role of Carbon Taxes in Adjusting to Global Warming”, Economic Journal, 101, pp. 938-948.
  • PORTER, Michael; (1991), “America’s Green Strategy”, Scientific American, 264(4), p.168.
  • RICCI, Francesco; (2007), “Channels of Transmission of Environmental Policy to Economic Growth: A Survey of the Theory”, Ecological Economics, 60, pp. 688–699.
  • ROEGEN, Nicholas Georgescu; (1971), The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, First Edition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • SELDEN, Thomas M. and Daqing SONG; (1994), “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There A Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 27, pp.147-62.
  • SHAFIK, Nemat and Sushenjit BANDYOPADHYAY; (1992),”Economic Growth and Environmental Quality, Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence”, World Bank Working Papers 904, Internet Address: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/ IW3P/IB/1992/06/01/000009265_3961003013329/Rendered/PDF/multi _page.pdf, Date of Access:16.10.2012.
  • SIRIWARDANA, Mahinda, Sam MENG and Judith MCNEILL; (2011), “The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Australian Economy: Results from a CGE Model”,Internet Address: http://www.une.edu.au/business- school/working-papers/economics/econwp11-2.pdf, Date of Access: 06.01.2013.
  • STERN, David Ian; (2004), “The Environmental Kuznets Curve” in Cutler CLEVELAND (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Energy, San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 517-525.
  • VAN DER PLOEG, Frederick and Jenny E. LIGTHART; (1994), “Sustainable Growth and Renewable Resources in the Global Economy” in Carlo CARRARO (Ed.), Trade, Innovation, Environment, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, pp.229-240.
  • ZHIXIN Zhang and Li YA; (2011), “The Impact of Carbon Tax on Economic Growth in China”, Energy Procedia, 5, pp. 1757–1761.
  • ZHOU Shenglü; Minjun SHİ; Na Lİ and Yongna YUAN; (2011), “Impacts of Carbon Tax Policy on CO2 Mitigation and Economic Growth in Chi- na”, Advances in Climate Change Research, 2(3), pp. 124-133.

ÇEVRE VERGİLERİ VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME: PANEL VAR ANALİZİ

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 40, 43 - 65, 20.05.2015

Öz

Son yıllarda çevre vergileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki etkileşim, hem politikacılar hem de akademisyenler arasında yoğun bir biçimde tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çevre vergileri ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki, 29 Avrupa ülkesinin 1996-2010 yılları arasındaki verileri temel alınarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, farklı çevre vergilerindeki bir şok karşısında ekonomik büyümenin verdiği tepkiyi belirlemek ve çevre vergilerinin ulusal ekonomi üzerindeki etkisinin negatif olup olmadığını incelemektedir. Panel Vektör Otoregresif model kullanılarak yapılan çalışmada, çevre vergilerindeki bir şok karşısında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif tepkilere ulaşılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • AHAMMAD, Helal, Robert CURTOTTI and Andrew GURNEY; (2004), “A Possible Japanese Carbon Tax: Implications for the Australian Energy Sector”, Internet Address: http://adl.brs.gov.au/data/ warehouse /pe_abarebrs99001093/PC12788.pdf, Date of Access:14.05.2012.
  • ANDERSEN, Mikael Skou; (2007), “Carbon-Energy Taxation Contributed To Economic Growth” Internet Address: http://www.dmu.dk/en/news/old- archive/2007/co2tax/, Date of Access: 02.01.2013.
  • BOUBTANE, Ekrame and Dramane COULIBALY; (2011), “Immigration, Growth and Unemployment: Panel Var Evidence From OECD Coun- tries”, Internet Address: http://www.univorleans.fr/leo/infer/ COU- LIBALY.pdf, Date of Access:14.05.2012
  • BOUVATIER, Vincent, Antonia LÓPEZ-VILLAVICENCIO and Valérie MI- GNON; (2012), “Does The Banking Sector Structure Matter For Credit Procyclicality?”, Economic Modelling, 29, pp. 1035–1044.
  • BOVENBERG, A. Lans and Lawrence H. GOULDER; (1997), “Costs of Envi- ronmentally Motivated Taxes in the Presence of Other Taxes: General Equilibrium Analyses”, NBER Working Paper 5117, Internet Ad- dress: http://www.nber.org/papers/w5117, Date of Access: 03.01.2013.
  • BOVENBERG, Lans and Ruud A de MOOIJ; (1997), “Environmental Tax Reform and Endogenous Growth”, Journal of Public Economics, 63, pp. 207–237.
  • BOVENBERG, Lans and Sjak SMULDERS; (1995), “Environmental Quality and Pollution-Augmenting Technological Change in a Two-Sector Endogenous Growth Model”, Journal of Public Economics, 57, pp. 369-391.
  • CAO, Jing; (2007), “Essays On Environmental Tax Policy Analysis: Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Approaches Applied To China”, Un- published PhD Thesis, Cambridge: Harvard University.
  • CHOI, In; (2001), “Unit Root Tests for Panel Data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20, pp. 249–272.
  • CONEFREY, Thomas, John D. Fitz GERALD, Laura Malaguzzi VALERI and Richard S.J. TOL; (2008), “The Impact of a Carbon Tax on Economic Growth and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Ireland”, Internet Address: http://www.esri.ie/UserFiles/publications/20080821092420/WP251.pdf, Date of Access: 26.12.2012.
  • CUERVO, Javier and Ved P. GANDHI; (1998), “Carbon Taxes: Their Macroe- conomic Effects and Prospects for Global Adoption – A Survey of the Literature”, IMF Working Paper 98/73, Internet Address: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9873.pdf, Date of Access:
  • DALY, Herman; (1991), Steady State Economics, Washington DC: Island Press.
  • EKINS, Paul; (1999), “European Environmental Taxes and Charges: Recent Experience, Issues and Trends” Ecological Economics, 31, pp. 39-62.
  • EWİJK, Casper Van and Sweder Van WIJNBERGEN; (1995), “Can Abatement Overcome The Conflict Between Environment and Economic Growth?”, De Economist, 143, pp. 197–216.
  • FILIPPAKI, Anastasia and Emmanuel MAMATZAKIS; (2009), “Performance and Merton-Type Default Risk Of Listed Banks in The EU: A Panel VAR”, Approach Journal of Banking & Finance, 33, pp. 2050–2061.
  • FULLERTON, Don and Gilbert E. METCALF; (1997), “Environmental Taxes and the Double-dividend Hypothesis: Did You Really Expect Some- thing for Nothing?”, NBER Working Paper 6199, Internet Address: http://www.nber.org/papers/w6199, Date of Access: 03.01.2013.
  • GALEOTTI, Marzio; (2007), “Economic Growth and The Quality of the Envi- ronment: Taking Stock Environment”, Development and Sustainabil- ity, 9(4), pp. 427-454.
  • GARITA, Gus; (2011), "The Reciprocal Relationship Between Systemic Risk and Real Economic Activity", MPRA Paper 33135, Internet Address: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33135/1/MPRA_paper_33135.pdf, Date of Access: 25.06.2012.
  • GOLLOP, Frank and Mark ROBERTS; (1983), "Environmental Regulations and Productivity Growth: The Case of Fossil-fueled Electric Power Generation", Journal of Political Economy, 91(4), pp. 654 - 674.
  • GOULDER, Lawrence H.; (1995), “Environmental Taxation and the Double Dividend: A Reader’s Guide”, International Tax and Public Finance, 2(2), pp. 157–183.
  • GRADUS, Raymond and Sjak SMULDERS; (1993), “The Trade-Off Between Environmental Care and Long-Term Growth-Pollution in Three Proto- type Growth Models”, Journal of Economics, 58(1), pp. 25–51.
  • GROSSMAN, Gene M. and Alan B. KRUEGER; (1995), “Economic Growth and The Environment”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, pp. 353-77.
  • IM, Kyung So, M. Hashem PESARAN and Yongcheol SHİN; (2003), “Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115, pp. 53–74.
  • International Institute For Labour Studies (IILS); (2011), “The Double Div- idend and Environmental Tax Reforms in Europe”, EC-IILS Joınt Dis- cussion Paper Series, Internet Address: http://www.ilo.org/ pub- lic/english/bureau/inst/research/ecinst/dp13.pdf, Date of Access:
  • ITAYA, Jun-ichi; (2008), “Can Environmental Taxation Stimulate Growth? The Role of Indeterminacy in Endogenous Growth Models with Envi- ronmental Externalities”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Con- trol, 32, pp. 1156-1180.
  • JAAFAR, Abdul Hamid, Abul Quasem AL-AMİN and Chamhuri SİWAR; “A CGE Analysis of the Economic Impact of Output-Specific Carbon Tax on the Malaysian Economy”, MPRA Paper No. 10210, Internet Ad- dress: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10210/, Date of Access: 05.01.2013.
  • KIM, Soyoung and Jong-Wha LEE; (2008), “Demographic Changes, Saving, and Current Account: An Analysis Based on a Panel VAR Model”, Ja- pan and the World Economy, 20(2), pp.236–56.
  • KUZNETS, Simon; (1955), “Economic Growth and Income Inequality”, The American Economic Review, 45(1), pp. 1-28.
  • LABANDEİRA, Xavier, Jose LABEAGA and Miguel RODRÍGUEZ; (2004), “Green Tax Reforms in Spain”, European Environment, 14, pp. 290- 299.
  • LEITER, Andrea M., Arno PAROLINI and Hannes WINNER; (2009), “Envi- ronmental Regulation and Investment: Evidence from European Indus- tries”, Working Papers in Economics and Statistics, Internet Ad- dress: Date of Access: 01.01.2013.
  • LEVIN, Andrew, Chien-Fu and Chia-Shang CHU; (2002), “Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108, pp. 1–24.
  • LOVE, Inesa and Lea ZICCHINO; (2006), “Financial Development and Dy- namic Investment Behavior; Evidence from Panel VAR”, The Quar- terly Journal Review of Economics and Finance, 46, pp.190-210.
  • LU, Zhen, Geoff COCKFIELD and Yahua ZHANG; (2011), “The Effective- ness of Using Carbon Tax to Reduce Carbon Emissions in China: Evi- dence http://www.wbiconpro.com/222 Zhen.pdf, Date of Access: 07.01.2013. CGE Model, Internet Address:
  • LÜTKEPOHL, Helmut; (2005), New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis, First Edition, Berlin: Springer.
  • MADDALA, Gangadharrao Soundalyarao and Shaowen WU; (1999), “A Com- parative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61, pp. 631–52.
  • MARKANDYA, Anil; (2005), “Environmental Implications of Non- Environmental Policies”, in Karl-Goran MALER and Jeffery VIN- CENT (Ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Economics, Amster- dam: North Holland/Elsevier Science, pp. 1353-1401.
  • McDougall, Robert Andrew; (1993), "Short-Run Effects of A Carbon Tax", Centre of Policy Studies/IMPACT Centre Working Papers, Internet Address: Date of Access: 02.01.2013.
  • MEADOWS, Donella H., Dennis L. MEADOWS, Jİrgen RANDERS and Wil- liam W. BEHRENS; (1972), The Limits to Growth, First Edition, New York: Universe Books.
  • MORLEY, Bruce and Sabah ABDULLAH; (2010), “Environmental Taxes and Economic Growth: Evidence from Panel Causality Tests”, Internet Ad- dress: http://www.bath.ac.uk/economics/research/workingpapers.html, Date of Access: 04.01.2013.
  • PANAYOTOU, Theodore; (2003), “Economic Growth and The Environment” Internet Address: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM /ead/sem/ sem2003/papers/panayotou.pdf, Date of Access: 16.06.2012.
  • PEARCE, David; (1991), “The Role of Carbon Taxes in Adjusting to Global Warming”, Economic Journal, 101, pp. 938-948.
  • PORTER, Michael; (1991), “America’s Green Strategy”, Scientific American, 264(4), p.168.
  • RICCI, Francesco; (2007), “Channels of Transmission of Environmental Policy to Economic Growth: A Survey of the Theory”, Ecological Economics, 60, pp. 688–699.
  • ROEGEN, Nicholas Georgescu; (1971), The Entropy Law and the Economic Process, First Edition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • SELDEN, Thomas M. and Daqing SONG; (1994), “Environmental Quality and Development: Is There A Kuznets Curve for Air Pollution Emissions?”, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 27, pp.147-62.
  • SHAFIK, Nemat and Sushenjit BANDYOPADHYAY; (1992),”Economic Growth and Environmental Quality, Time Series and Cross-Country Evidence”, World Bank Working Papers 904, Internet Address: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/ IW3P/IB/1992/06/01/000009265_3961003013329/Rendered/PDF/multi _page.pdf, Date of Access:16.10.2012.
  • SIRIWARDANA, Mahinda, Sam MENG and Judith MCNEILL; (2011), “The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Australian Economy: Results from a CGE Model”,Internet Address: http://www.une.edu.au/business- school/working-papers/economics/econwp11-2.pdf, Date of Access: 06.01.2013.
  • STERN, David Ian; (2004), “The Environmental Kuznets Curve” in Cutler CLEVELAND (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Energy, San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 517-525.
  • VAN DER PLOEG, Frederick and Jenny E. LIGTHART; (1994), “Sustainable Growth and Renewable Resources in the Global Economy” in Carlo CARRARO (Ed.), Trade, Innovation, Environment, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic, pp.229-240.
  • ZHIXIN Zhang and Li YA; (2011), “The Impact of Carbon Tax on Economic Growth in China”, Energy Procedia, 5, pp. 1757–1761.
  • ZHOU Shenglü; Minjun SHİ; Na Lİ and Yongna YUAN; (2011), “Impacts of Carbon Tax Policy on CO2 Mitigation and Economic Growth in Chi- na”, Advances in Climate Change Research, 2(3), pp. 124-133.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökhan Dökmen Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Mayıs 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Sayı: 40

Kaynak Göster

APA Dökmen, G. (2015). ENVIRONMENTAL TAX AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A PANEL VAR ANALYSIS. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(40), 43-65.

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