Algoritmalar ve Gazetecilik: Meslek, Kimlik, Değerler Üzerine Bir Tartışma

Yıl 2023, , 981 - 1000, 30.07.2023

Şafak Etike

https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1274125

Öz

Yapay zeka teknolojilerinin haber üretim sürecinin her aşamasında giderek artan rolü teknolojinin gazetecilik pratiklerini ve mesleki bir kimlik olarak gazeteciliği nasıl değiştirdiğine ilişkin tartışmayı genişletmiştir. Gazeteciler haber üzerindeki mesleki yargı yetkisini ve insan failliğini haber üretiminin her aşamasında karar verici hale gelen yapay zeka algoritmalarına kısmen devretmektedir. Bu çalışma gazetecinin mesleki profesyonelliğinin temelindeki bilginin sahibi olma ve onu yapılandırma üzerindeki otoritesindeki kaymanın gazeteciliğin temel ilkelerini aşındırıcı etkilerini ele almakta ve gazetecilik üzerinde bir mücadele olduğunu varsaymaktadır. Gazeteciliğin sınırlarını koruma ya da şekillendirme mücadelesi, gazeteciliğin kamu yararına faaliyet olma, doğruluk ve editoryal bağımsızlık ilkeleri üzerinde verilmektedir. Mesleki profesyonellik ve otorite iddiaları gazeteciler ve geniş halk kitleleri tarafından paylaşılan bir dizi değere bağlıdır. Bu değerler üzerinde verilen mücadelenin kaybı gazetecilerin haber üzerindeki otoritesini daha fazla kaybetmesine ve gazeteci önceliklerinin yerini ticari kaygıların daha fazla almasına neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’de yapay zekanın gazetecilikteki kullanımı üzerine literatür hızla genişlerken yapay zeka algoritmalarının gazetecilerin mesleki kimliği üzerindeki etkisini ele alan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma yapay zekanın gazeteci kimliğini ve gazeteciliği nasıl değiştirdiği üzerine biriken uluslararası literatürü yapay zeka teknolojilerinin haber üretimine entegrasyonunda gazeteciliğin temel normatif iddialarına etkilerine odaklanarak derlemekte ve bu iddiaları korumaya yönelik olanakları somut öneriler sunarak tartışmaya açmaktadır. Böylelikle bu konuda yapılacak ampirik çalışmalar için teorik bir çerçeve sunmaya çalışmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gazetecilik, Yapay zeka gazeteciliği, Algoritmik gazetecilik, Mesleki kimlik, Algoritmik dönüş.

Algorithms and Journalism: On Profession, Identitiy and Values

Öz

The growing role of artificial intelligence technologies at every stage of the news production process has expanded the discussion about how technology is changing journalism practices and journalism as a professional identity. Journalists partially delegate their professional jurisdiction and human agency over the news to artificial intelligence algorithms that become decision-making at every stage of news production. This study is about the erosive effects of the shift in the journalist's authority over the ownership of knowledge and structuring the basic principles of his professional professionalism. The struggle to protect or shape the boundaries of journalism is fought over the principles of journalism's public interest, integrity and editorial independence, and the loss of this struggle is causing journalists to lose more of their authority over the news and journalistic priorities to be replaced more by commercial concerns. This study compiles the accumulated international literature on how artificial intelligence changes journalistic identity and journalism by focusing on its effects on the basic normative claims of journalism, and discusses the possibilities to protect these claims by presenting concrete suggestions. Thus, it tries to present a theoretical framework for empirical studies on this subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Journalism, artificial intelligence journalism, algorithmic journalism, professional identitiy, journalistic ideology.

Kaynakça

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