Geoffrey Leech’in Anlamlandırmanın Yedi Türü Işığında Uluslararası Af Örgütü’nün İşkence Karşıtı Kampanyaları

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 825 - 841, 22.07.2022

Tuğba Baytimur

https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1077706

Öz

İnsan Hakları Bildirgesi uyarınca, dünya genelinde işkence, insan hakları ihlali olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Pek çok ülke, işkenceyi suç olarak kabul etmekte ve çeşitli cezai yaptırımlarla işkencenin önüne geçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bunun yanında Uluslararası Af Örgütü (Amnesty International, AI) gerçekleştirdiği kampanyalardaki kamu spotları üzerinden işkenceye karşı çeşitli mesajlar vererek, uluslararası kamuoyunda işkenceye karşı farkındalık oluşturmaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmada AI’nin çeşitli ülkelerde gerçekleştirdiği işkence karşıtı kampanyalarda işkencenin engellenmesine yönelik vermek istediği mesajları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çalışmada AI’nin işkence karşıtı kampanyalarda kullandığı kamu spotları, İngiliz dilbilimci Geoffrey Leech’in Anlamlandırmanın Yedi Türü (kavramsal, yan, toplumsal, duygusal, yansıtıcı, eşdizimsel ve konusal anlam) üzerinden göstergebilimsel açıdan analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgular ışığında işkence karşıtı kampanyalardaki kamu spotlarında yer alan görsel ve yazılı göstergeler üzerinden insanların aktif olarak işkence karşıtı mücadeleye dâhil olmasıyla işkencenin önlenebileceğine yönelik mesajların verildiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu şekilde AI’nin gerçekleştirdiği kampanyalar üzerinden uluslararası kamuoyunda işkence karşıtı aktivistlerin sayısının arttırılmaya çalışıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşkence, İşkence, Kampanya, Kamu Spotu, İnsan Hakları, Aktivizm.

Amnesty International's Campaigns Against Torture in Light of Geoffrey Leech's Seven Types of Meaning

Öz

Torture is considered a violation of human rights worldwide according to the Declaration of Human Rights. Many countries accept torture as a crime and aim to prevent torture with various penal sanctions. In addition, Amnesty International (AI) tries to raise awareness against torture in the international public opinion by giving various messages against torture through public service announcements in its campaigns. In the study, the messages that AI wanted to give for the prevention of torture in the anti-torture campaigns carried out in various countries. For this purpose, the public service announcements used by AI in anti-torture campaigns were analyzed semiotically through British linguist Geoffrey Leech's Seven Types of Meaning (conceptual, connotative, social, affective, reflected, collocative, thematic meaning) in this study. In the light of the findings obtained within the scope of the study, it was revealed that messages that torture can be prevented by actively participating in the anti-torture struggle through the visual and written indicators in the public service announcements in the anti-torture campaigns. In this way, it was concluded that the number of anti-torture activists in the international community is sought to be increased through the campaigns carried out by AI.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Activism., Torture, Campaign, Public Service Announcement, Human Rights

Kaynakça

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