Araştırma Makalesi
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Profesyonellik mi? İfadelerin Kısıtlanması mı?: Gazetecilerin Bireysel Sosyal Medya Kullanımlarının Kurum Yönergeleri Üzerinden Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 405 - 422, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1442004

Öz

Gazetecilerin sosyal medyayı kullanması, kişisel ve profesyonel kimlikleri arasındaki çatışmada sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Özel ve herkese açık gönderiler arasında ayrım yapmak zor olabileceğinden medya şirketleri, çalışanlarının sosyal medyayı nasıl kullanacağını düzenlemek için yönergeler geliştirmektedir. Çalışma, gazetecilerin sosyal medya kullanımına ilişkin kurum yönergelerinin, kişisel sosyal medya kullanımlarını nasıl etkileyebileceğini incelemektedir. Doküman analizi yoluyla hem BBC'nin hem de Anadolu Ajansı'nın yönergeleri incelenerek bu kurumların beklentilerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlandı. Her iki belge de Python programlama dili kullanılarak analiz edildi. Ayrıca gazetecilerin yönergeye ilişkin algılarını ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla BBC ve Anadolu Ajansı çalışanları ile derinlemesine görüşmeler yapıldı. Araştırma, yönergelerin kurumsal kimliği ve güvenilirliği korumak için tasarlandığını gösterdi. Ayrıca görüşme yapılan gazetecilerin yönergeleri bir müdahale ya da sansür olarak görmedikleri kaydedildi.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, A. N. (2010). Is Twitter a useful tool for journalists? Journal of Media Practice, 11(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.11.2.145_1
  • Allan, S. (2006). Online News: Journalism and the internet. Open University Press.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2022). Sosyal medya. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/p/sosyal-medya
  • BBC. (2020). Guidance: Individual use of social media. https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/individual-use-of-social-media/
  • Bossio, D. (2017). Journalism and social media: Practitioners, Organisations and Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bossio, D., & Sacco, V. (2017). From “selfies” to breaking tweets: How journalists negotiate personal and professional identity on social media. Journalism Practice, 11(5), 527–543. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1175314
  • Brems, C., Temmerman, M., Graham, T., & Broersma, M. (2017). Personal branding on Twitter: How employed and freelance journalists stage themselves on social media. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1176534
  • Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2012). Social media as beat: Tweets as a news source during the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Journalism Practice, 6(3), 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.663626
  • Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2013). Twitter as a news source: How Dutch and British newspapers used tweets in their news coverage. Journalism Practice, 7(4), 446–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.802481
  • Canter, L. (2013). The interactive spectrum: The use of social media in UK regional newspapers. Convergence, 19(4), 472–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856513493698
  • Canter, L. (2015). Personalised Tweeting: The emerging practices of journalists on Twitter. Digital Journalism, 3(6), 888–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.973148
  • Dalton, J. C., & Crosby, P. C. (2013). Digital identity: How social media are influencing student learning and development in college. Journal of College and Character, 14(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1515/JCC-2013-0001
  • Djerf-Pierre, M., Ghersetti, M., & Hedman, U. (2020). Appropriating social media: The changing uses of social media among journalists across time. In S. Allan, C. Carter, S. Cushion, L. Dencik, I. Garcia-Blanco, J. Harris, R. Sambrook, K. Wahl-Jorgensen, & A. Williams (Eds.), The Future of Journalism: Risks, Threats and Opportunities (pp. 46–57). Routledge.
  • Gulyas, A. (2013). The influence of professional variables on journalists’uses and views of social media: A comparative study of Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Digital Journalism, 1(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2012.744559
  • Hanusch, F., & Bruns, A. (2017). Journalistic branding on Twitter: A representative study of Australian journalists’ profile descriptions. Digital Journalism, 5(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1152161
  • Harlow, S. (2018). Quality, innovation, and financial sustainability: Central American entrepreneurial journalism through the lens of its audience. Journalism Practice, 12(5), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1330663
  • Hedman, U., & Djerf-Pierre, M. (2013). The social journalist: Embracing the social media life or creating a new digital divide? Digital Journalism, 1(3), 368–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.776804
  • Hermida, A. (2012). Social journalism: Exploring how social media is shaping journalism. In E. Siapera & A. Veglis (Eds.), The Handbook of Global Online Journalism (pp. 309–328). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Hermida, A. (2013). “#Journalism: Reconfiguring journalism research about Twitter, one tweet at a time. Digital Journalism, 1(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.808456
  • Hermida, A., Fletcher, F., Korell, D., & Logan, D. (2012). Share, like, recommend: Decoding the social media news consumer. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 815–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2012.664430
  • Hill, S., & Bradshaw, P. (2018). Mobile-first journalism: Producing news for social and interactive media. Routledge.
  • Holton, A. E. (2016). Intrapreneurial informants: An emergent role of freelance journalists. Journalism Practice, 10(7), 917–927. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1166069
  • Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., & Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter: Journalism practice in an emerging communication space. Journalism Studies, 13(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2011.571825
  • Legard, R., Keegan, J., & Ward, K. (2003). In-depth interviews. In J. Ritchie & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers (pp. 138–170). SAGE Publications.
  • Lewis, S. C., Holton, A. E., & Coddington, M. (2014). Reciprocal journalism. Journalism Practice, 8(2), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.859840
  • Liu, H. (2007). Social network profiles as taste performances. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 252–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2007.00395.X
  • Malmelin, N., & Villi, M. (2016). Audience community as a strategic resource in media work: Emerging practices. Journalism Practice, 10(5), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1036903
  • Manfredi Sánchez, J. L., Rojas-Torrijos, J. L., & Herranz de la Casa, J. M. (2015). Entrepreneurial journalism: Sports journalism in Spain. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social , 70, 69–90. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1035EN
  • McGregor, S. C. (2019). Social media as public opinion: How journalists use social media to represent public opinion. Journalism, 20(8), 1070–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919845458
  • Mellado, C., & Hermida, A. (2021). The promoter, celebrity, and joker roles in journalists’ social media performance. Social Media and Society, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121990643/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_2056305121990643-FIG1.JPEG
  • Molyneux, L., Holton, A., & Lewis, S. C. (2018). How journalists engage in branding on Twitter: Individual, organizational, and institutional levels. Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), 1386–1401. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1314532
  • Netchitailova, E. P. (2014). The flâneur, the badaud and empathetic worker. TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31269/TRIPLEC.V12I1.500
  • Newman, N., Dutton, W. H., & Blank, G. (2013). Social media in the changing ecology of news: The fourth and fifth estates in Britain. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 6–22. http://www.worldinternetproject.net/#about
  • Nölleke, D., Grimmer, C. G., & Horky, T. (2017). News sources and follow-up communication: Facets of complementarity between sports journalism and social media. Journalism Practice, 11(4), 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1125761
  • Papacharissi, Z. (2011). A networked self. In Z. Papacharissi (Ed.), A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites (pp. 304–319). Routledge.
  • Pavlik, J. V. (2004). A sea-change in journalism: Convergence, journalists, their audiences and sources. Convergence, 10(4), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/135485650401000404/ASSET/135485650401000404.FP.PNG_V03
  • Phillips, A. (2012). Sociability, speed and quality in the changing news environment. Journalism Practice, 6(5–6), 669–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.689476
  • Powers, M., & Vera-Zambrano, S. (2018). How journalists use social media in France and the United States: Analyzing technology use across journalistic fields. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2728–2744. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731566
  • Ruotsalainen, J., & Villi, M. (2018). Hybrid engagement: Discourses and scenarios of entrepreneurial journalism. Media and Communication, 6(4), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.17645/MAC.V6I4.1465
  • Wach, E., & Ward, R. (2013). Learning about qualitative document analysis. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/2989/PP%20InBrief% 2013%20QDA%20FINAL2.pdf?sequence=4
  • Weaver, D. H., & Willnat, L. (2016). Changes in US journalism: How do journalists think about social media? Journalism Practice, 10(7), 844–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1171162
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Professionalism? Restricting Expressions? Determining Journalists' Individual Social Media Uses Based on Institutional Guidelines

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 405 - 422, 30.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1442004

Öz

The usage of social media by journalists might lead to problems with the conflict between their personal and professional identities. Because it can be difficult to distinguish between private and public posts, media companies are developing guidelines to regulate how their employees use social media. The study examines how institutional guidelines for journalists' use of social media can influence their personal use of social media. Through document analysis, the guidelines of both the BBC and Anadolu Agency in Türkiye were examined with the aim of uncovering the expectations of these institutions. Both documents were analyzed using the Python programming language. Furthermore, with the goal to uncover the journalists' perceptions of the guidelines, in-depth interviews were carried out with personnels from BBC and Anadolu Agency. The research showed that the guidelines were designed to safeguard corporate identity and reliability. Moreover, it was noted that the journalists who were interviewed did not view the guidelines as a form of intervention or censorship.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, A. N. (2010). Is Twitter a useful tool for journalists? Journal of Media Practice, 11(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1386/jmpr.11.2.145_1
  • Allan, S. (2006). Online News: Journalism and the internet. Open University Press.
  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2022). Sosyal medya. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/p/sosyal-medya
  • BBC. (2020). Guidance: Individual use of social media. https://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidance/individual-use-of-social-media/
  • Bossio, D. (2017). Journalism and social media: Practitioners, Organisations and Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bossio, D., & Sacco, V. (2017). From “selfies” to breaking tweets: How journalists negotiate personal and professional identity on social media. Journalism Practice, 11(5), 527–543. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1175314
  • Brems, C., Temmerman, M., Graham, T., & Broersma, M. (2017). Personal branding on Twitter: How employed and freelance journalists stage themselves on social media. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 443–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1176534
  • Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2012). Social media as beat: Tweets as a news source during the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Journalism Practice, 6(3), 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.663626
  • Broersma, M., & Graham, T. (2013). Twitter as a news source: How Dutch and British newspapers used tweets in their news coverage. Journalism Practice, 7(4), 446–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.802481
  • Canter, L. (2013). The interactive spectrum: The use of social media in UK regional newspapers. Convergence, 19(4), 472–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856513493698
  • Canter, L. (2015). Personalised Tweeting: The emerging practices of journalists on Twitter. Digital Journalism, 3(6), 888–907. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.973148
  • Dalton, J. C., & Crosby, P. C. (2013). Digital identity: How social media are influencing student learning and development in college. Journal of College and Character, 14(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1515/JCC-2013-0001
  • Djerf-Pierre, M., Ghersetti, M., & Hedman, U. (2020). Appropriating social media: The changing uses of social media among journalists across time. In S. Allan, C. Carter, S. Cushion, L. Dencik, I. Garcia-Blanco, J. Harris, R. Sambrook, K. Wahl-Jorgensen, & A. Williams (Eds.), The Future of Journalism: Risks, Threats and Opportunities (pp. 46–57). Routledge.
  • Gulyas, A. (2013). The influence of professional variables on journalists’uses and views of social media: A comparative study of Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Digital Journalism, 1(2), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2012.744559
  • Hanusch, F., & Bruns, A. (2017). Journalistic branding on Twitter: A representative study of Australian journalists’ profile descriptions. Digital Journalism, 5(1), 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1152161
  • Harlow, S. (2018). Quality, innovation, and financial sustainability: Central American entrepreneurial journalism through the lens of its audience. Journalism Practice, 12(5), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2017.1330663
  • Hedman, U., & Djerf-Pierre, M. (2013). The social journalist: Embracing the social media life or creating a new digital divide? Digital Journalism, 1(3), 368–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.776804
  • Hermida, A. (2012). Social journalism: Exploring how social media is shaping journalism. In E. Siapera & A. Veglis (Eds.), The Handbook of Global Online Journalism (pp. 309–328). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Hermida, A. (2013). “#Journalism: Reconfiguring journalism research about Twitter, one tweet at a time. Digital Journalism, 1(3), 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2013.808456
  • Hermida, A., Fletcher, F., Korell, D., & Logan, D. (2012). Share, like, recommend: Decoding the social media news consumer. Journalism Studies, 13(5–6), 815–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2012.664430
  • Hill, S., & Bradshaw, P. (2018). Mobile-first journalism: Producing news for social and interactive media. Routledge.
  • Holton, A. E. (2016). Intrapreneurial informants: An emergent role of freelance journalists. Journalism Practice, 10(7), 917–927. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1166069
  • Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., & Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter: Journalism practice in an emerging communication space. Journalism Studies, 13(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2011.571825
  • Legard, R., Keegan, J., & Ward, K. (2003). In-depth interviews. In J. Ritchie & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers (pp. 138–170). SAGE Publications.
  • Lewis, S. C., Holton, A. E., & Coddington, M. (2014). Reciprocal journalism. Journalism Practice, 8(2), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.859840
  • Liu, H. (2007). Social network profiles as taste performances. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 252–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1083-6101.2007.00395.X
  • Malmelin, N., & Villi, M. (2016). Audience community as a strategic resource in media work: Emerging practices. Journalism Practice, 10(5), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1036903
  • Manfredi Sánchez, J. L., Rojas-Torrijos, J. L., & Herranz de la Casa, J. M. (2015). Entrepreneurial journalism: Sports journalism in Spain. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social , 70, 69–90. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1035EN
  • McGregor, S. C. (2019). Social media as public opinion: How journalists use social media to represent public opinion. Journalism, 20(8), 1070–1086. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919845458
  • Mellado, C., & Hermida, A. (2021). The promoter, celebrity, and joker roles in journalists’ social media performance. Social Media and Society, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121990643/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_2056305121990643-FIG1.JPEG
  • Molyneux, L., Holton, A., & Lewis, S. C. (2018). How journalists engage in branding on Twitter: Individual, organizational, and institutional levels. Information, Communication & Society, 21(10), 1386–1401. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1314532
  • Netchitailova, E. P. (2014). The flâneur, the badaud and empathetic worker. TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.31269/TRIPLEC.V12I1.500
  • Newman, N., Dutton, W. H., & Blank, G. (2013). Social media in the changing ecology of news: The fourth and fifth estates in Britain. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 6–22. http://www.worldinternetproject.net/#about
  • Nölleke, D., Grimmer, C. G., & Horky, T. (2017). News sources and follow-up communication: Facets of complementarity between sports journalism and social media. Journalism Practice, 11(4), 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1125761
  • Papacharissi, Z. (2011). A networked self. In Z. Papacharissi (Ed.), A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites (pp. 304–319). Routledge.
  • Pavlik, J. V. (2004). A sea-change in journalism: Convergence, journalists, their audiences and sources. Convergence, 10(4), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/135485650401000404/ASSET/135485650401000404.FP.PNG_V03
  • Phillips, A. (2012). Sociability, speed and quality in the changing news environment. Journalism Practice, 6(5–6), 669–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.689476
  • Powers, M., & Vera-Zambrano, S. (2018). How journalists use social media in France and the United States: Analyzing technology use across journalistic fields. New Media & Society, 20(8), 2728–2744. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817731566
  • Ruotsalainen, J., & Villi, M. (2018). Hybrid engagement: Discourses and scenarios of entrepreneurial journalism. Media and Communication, 6(4), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.17645/MAC.V6I4.1465
  • Wach, E., & Ward, R. (2013). Learning about qualitative document analysis. https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/2989/PP%20InBrief% 2013%20QDA%20FINAL2.pdf?sequence=4
  • Weaver, D. H., & Willnat, L. (2016). Changes in US journalism: How do journalists think about social media? Journalism Practice, 10(7), 844–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1171162
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gazetecilik, Gazetecilik Çalışmaları, Sosyal Medya Çalışmaları, Yeni İletişim Teknolojileri, Yeni Medya
Bölüm Yabancı Dillerdeki Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sertaç Kaya 0000-0003-3483-572X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, S. (2024). Professionalism? Restricting Expressions? Determining Journalists’ Individual Social Media Uses Based on Institutional Guidelines. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 11(2), 405-422. https://doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1442004