Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Fragment of Old Uyghur Uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāma-dhāraṇī from the Berlin Turfan Collection

Yıl 2018, , 223 - 250, 29.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.32704/erdem.496892

Öz

ABSTRACT

Old Uyghur translations of Buddhist canonical texts have played a predominant role in the emergence of written sources of Central Asian Turkish Buddhism. Among these texts, there are also texts of the Esoteric Buddhism which has developed as a form of Mahāyāna and Mahāyāna Buddhism and contained liturgical practices such as magic and ritual. One of the dhāraṇī sūtra, which contains elements related to the esoteric Buddhist beliefs and practices that constitutes the subject of this paper, is Sanskrit Ārya-sarva-durgatipariśodhana-uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāma-dhāraṇī. Old Uyghur Ārya-sarvadurgati-pariśodhana-uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāma-dhāraṇī consists of block printed fragments preserved in the Turfan Collection at the Berlin- Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. This Old Uyghur work, which was published by F.W.K. Müller in the edition of Uigurica II, has been prepared on the basis of block prints in the Berlin Turfan Collection. In addition to these fragments, which constitute the basis of the Müller edition, there is also a fragment of manuscript of this text, which is currently located in the Berlin Turfan Collection with the archive number of U 2378a (T I T 301.500). Based on the edition 224 and translation of this fragment of manuscript, this paper aims to introduce the manuscript which has not been published until now, to make explanations on the aforementioned manuscript, and to prepare the index of the text.

Keywords: Central Asian Buddhism, Esoteric Buddhism,
Tantric texts,
dhāraṇī
sūtras,

Old Uyghur, Uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāma-dhāraṇī.

ÖZ

Berlin Turfan Koleksiyonu’ndan Eski Uygurca Uṣṇīṣavijayānāma-dhāraṇī’nin Bir Fragmanı Budist külliyata ilişkin metinlerin Eski Uygurcaya tercümesi Orta Asya Türk Budizmi’nin yazılı kaynaklarının oluşmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Mahāyāna Budizmi ve Mahāyāna’nın bir formu olarak gelişen, büyü ve ritüel gibi ayine ilişkin uygulamaları ihtiva eden Ezoterik Budizm’e ait metinler de bunlar arasında yer alır. Bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan Ezoterik Budist inanç ve uygulamalara ilişkin unsurları ihtiva eden dhāraṇī sūtralardan biri de Sanskritçe Ārya-sarva-durgati-pariśodhana-uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāma-dhāraṇī’dir. Eski Uygurca Ārya-sarva-durgati-pariśodhana-uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāmadhāraṇī Berlin-Brandenburg Bilimler Akademisi’ndeki Turfan Koleksiyonu’nda saklanan blok baskı fragmanlardan oluşmaktadır. F.W.K. Müller tarafından Uigurica II içerisinde neşredilmiş olan bu Eski Uygurca eser Berlin Turfan Koleksiyonu’nda bulunan blok baskı metinler temelinde hazırlanmıştır. Müller neşrinin temelini oluşturan bu fragmanlara ek olarak metne ait olan bugün Berlin Turfan Koleksiyonu’nda U 2378a (T I T 301.500) arşiv numarasıyla korunan bir yazma fragman da mevcuttur. Bu yazma fragmanın neşri ve tercümesi temelinde, bu yazı şimdiye kadar yayımlanmamış olan yazmayı tanıtmayı, mevzubahis metne ilişkin açıklamalarda bulunmayı ve metnin dizininin hazırlanmasını amaçlamaktadır.



Kaynakça

  • Adams, Douglas Q. (2013). A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Revised and greatly enlarged 2nd edition, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi. (Leiden Studies in Indo-European, 10.)
  • Chandra, Lokesh (1980). “Comparative Iconography of the Goddess Uṣṇīṣavijayā”, Acta Orientalia Academia Scientiarium Hungaricae 34, no. 1/3, pp. 125-137.
  • Clauson, Sir Gerard (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish, Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press.
  • Copp, Paul (2011). “Dhāraṇī Scriptures”, In: Teiser S. F. - Kern M. - Brook T. (eds.): Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 176-180. (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Four, China, 24.)
  • Copp, Paul F. (2005). Voice, Dust, Shadow, Stone: The Makings of Spells in Medieval Chinese Buddhism, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Princeton University.
  • DDB = Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, www.buddhism-dict.net (Accessed online at 5 August 2018).
  • Edgerton, Franklin (1953). Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. Vol. II: Dictionary, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Elverskog, Johan (1997). Uygur Buddhist Literature, Turnhout: Brepols. (Silk Road Studies, 1.)
  • Erdal, Marcel (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation. A Functional Approach to the Lexicon. I-II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Turcologica 7.)
  • Fragment U 2378a: [recto] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u2378aseite2.jpg and [verso] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u2378aseite1.jpg (Accessed online at 5 August 2018).
  • Giebel, Rolf W. (2011). “Taishō Volumes 18-21”, In: Teiser S. F. - Kern M. - Brook T. (eds.): Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia, Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 27-36. (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Four, China, 24.)
  • Giles, Herbert A. (1912). A Chinese-English Dictionary. I-II. 2nd edition, Shanghai/London: Kelly and Walsh.
  • Hidas, Gergely (2015). “Dhāraṇī Sūtras”, In: Silk J. A. - von Hinüber O. - Eltschinger V. (eds.): Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Vol. I: Literature and Languages. Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 129-137. (Handbook of Oriental Studies, Handbuch der Orientalistik Section Two: India 29/1.)
  • Hirakawa, Akira (1997). A Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary, Tōkyō: Reiyukai.
  • Kara, Georg (1996): “Čoga. Ein tibetisches Lehnwort in der uigurischen Uṣṇīṣa-vijaya-dhāraṇī”, In: Emmerick, R. E. - Sundermann, W. - Warnke, I. - Zieme, P. (eds.): Turfan, Khotan und Dunhuang. Vorträge der Tagung „Annemarie v. Gabain und die Turfanforschung“, veranstaltet von der Berlin-Brandenburgisches Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin (9.-12. 12. 1994), pp. 175-177. Berlin.
  • Kaya, Ceval (1994). Uygurca Altun Yaruk. Giriş, Metin ve Dizin, Ankara: TDK Yayınları. (Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 607.)
  • Monier-Williams, Monier (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Müller, F. Max and Bunyiu Nanjio (1884). The Ancient Palm-Leaves. Containing the Pragn͂â-Pâramitâ-Hridaya-Sûtra and The Ushnîha-Vigaya-Dhâranî, Oxford. (Aryan Series. Vol. I-Part III.)
  • Müller, F. W. K. (1911). Uigurica II, Berlin. (Abhandlungen der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Phil.-hist. Cl. 1910:3) [Reprint: Sprachwissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Turfan-Forschung 1, 61-168]
  • Oda, Juten (1998). “A Fragment of the Commentary on the Säkiz yükmäk yaruq Sūtra”, In: Laut, J. P. - Ölmez, M. (eds.): Bahşı Ögdisi. Festschrift für Klaus Röhrborn anläβlich seines 60. Geburtstags / 60. Doğum Yılı Dolayısıyla Klaus Röhrborn Armağanı, Freiburg/İstanbul, pp. 231-234. (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi 21.)
  • Rhys Davids, Thomas and William Stede (1921-1925). The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary, London [Reprint: 21952].
  • Röhrborn, Klaus (1977-1998). Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, 1-6, Wiesbaden: Steiner.
  • Röhrborn, Klaus (2010). Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien. Neubearbeitung. I. Verben. Vol. 1: ab- - äzüglä-, Stuttgart: Steiner.
  • Röhrborn, Klaus (2017). Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien. Neubearbeitung. II. Nomina - Pronomina - Partikeln. Vol. 2: aš - äžük, Stuttgart: Steiner.
  • Röhrborn, Klaus and András Róna-Tas (2005). Spätformen des zentralasiatischen Buddhismus. Die altuigurische Sitātapatrā-dhāraṇī, Göttingen. (Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, I. Philologisch-historische Klasse Jahrgang 2005, Nr. 3.)
  • Rybatzki, Volker (2006). Die Personennamen und Titel der mittelmongolischen Dokumente. Eine lexikalische Untersuchung, Helsinki.
  • Soothill, William Edward and Lewis Hodous (1937). A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Sørensen, Henrik H. (2011a). “On Esoteric Buddhism in China: A Working Definition”, In: Teiser S. F. - Kern M. - Brook T. (eds.): Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia. Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 155-175. (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Four, China, 24.)
  • Sørensen, Henrik H. (2011b). “Textual Material Relating to Esoteric Buddhism in China Outside the Taishō, vol. 18-21”, In: Teiser, S. F. - Kern, M. - Brook T. (eds.): Esoteric Buddhism and the Tantras in East Asia. Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 37-67. (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section Four, China, 24.)
  • Sørensen, Henrik H. (2015). “Esoteric Buddhism at the Crossroads: Religious Dynamics at Dunhuang, 9th-10th Centuries”, In: Meinert, C. (ed.): Transfer of Buddhism Across Central Asian Networks (7th to 13th Centuries). Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 250-284.
  • Taishō Tripiṭaka No. 967, vol. 19: http://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T0967_.19.0349a04:0349a04.cit (Accessed online at 5 August 2018).
  • Tōhoku (1934). A Complete Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons, Sendai.
  • Yakup, Abdurishid (2009). Alttürkische Handschriften. Teil 15: Die uigurischen Blockdrucke der Berliner Turfansammlung. Teil 3: Stabreimdichtungen, Kalendarisches, Bilder, unbestimmte Fragmente und Nachträge, Stuttgart: Steiner. (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland 13, 23.)
  • Yakup, Abdurishid (2016). Altuigurische Aparimitāyus-Literatur und kleinere tantrische Texte, Turnhout: Brepols. (Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Akademienvorhaben Turfanforschung. Berliner Turfantexte 36.)
  • Yakup, Abdurishid and Michael Knüppel (2007). Alttürkische Handschriften. Teil 11. Die uigurischen Blockdrucke der Berliner Turfansammlung. Teil 1: Tantrische Texte, Stuttgart: Steiner. (Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland 13, 19.)
  • Zieme, Peter (1981a). “Ein Hochzeitssegen uigurischer Christen”, In: Röhrborn, K. - Brands, H. W. (eds.): Scholia. Beiträge zur Turkologie und Zentralasienkunde. Annemarie von Gabain zum 80. Geburtstag am 4. Juli 1981 dargebracht von Kollegen, Freunden und Schülern, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 221-232. (Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica. 14.)
  • Zieme, Peter (1981b). “Materialien zum uigurischen Onomasticon II”, Türk Dili Araştırmaları Yıllığı - Belleten 1978-79, pp. 81-94.
  • Zieme, Peter (2005). Magische Texte des uigurischen Buddhismus. Mit 208 Abbildungen auf 97 Tafeln, Turnhout: Brepols. (Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Akademienvorhaben Turfanforschung. Berliner Turfantexte 23.)
  • Zieme, Peter (2013). “A Brāhmaṇa Painting from Bäzäklik in the Hermitage of St. Petersburg and Its Inscriptions”, In: Pang, T. - Raschmann, S.-C. - Winkelhane, G. (eds.): Unknown Treasures of the Altaic World in Libraries, Archives and Museums. 53rd Annual Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS St. Petersburg, July 25-30, 2010, Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, pp. 181-195.
  • Zieme, Peter (2015). “Local Literatures: Uighur”, In: Silk J. A. - von Hinüber O. - Eltschinger V. (eds.): Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Vol. I: Literature and Languages. Leiden/Boston: Brill, pp. 871-882. (Handbook of Oriental Studies, Handbuch der Orientalistik Section Two: India 29/1.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Erdem
Yazarlar

Uğur Uzunkaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Uzunkaya, U. (2018). A Fragment of Old Uyghur Uṣṇīṣavijayā-nāma-dhāraṇī from the Berlin Turfan Collection. Erdem(75), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.32704/erdem.496892

Cited By

ERDEM Dergisi TR Dizin, MLA International Bibliography, EBSCOhost, SOBIAD, ASI (Advanced Science Index) İSAM, DAVET, AYK Dergi Dizini ve Academindex tarafından dizinlenmektedir.

ERDEM Journal is indexed by TR Dizin, MLA International Bibliography, EBSCOhost, SOBIAD, ASI (Advanced Science Index) ISAM, DAVET, AYK Journal Index and Academindex.