Bir Sosyalleşme ve Kişilik Oluşturma Aracı Olarak Sosyal Sınıflar

Yıl 2009, Sayı: 54, 1 - 52, 01.08.2009

Turhan Yörükan

Öz

Bir sosyo-ekonomik seviye göstergesi olarak sosyal sınıf gruplaşmaları, kastlara ve renk kastlarına nazaran, kendi içerisinde, bir dereceye
kadar sosyal hareketliliğe imkân veren sosyal yapı kuruluşlarıdır. En
belirgin şekilleriyle şehirlerde oluşmuş olan bu gruplar, aynı zamanda
birer cemaat (yerel toplum) özelliğine sahiptirler. İş, meslek, gelir, eğitim seviyesi ve benimsenen hayat tarzı bakımından farklaşmış, değişik
özellikte mahalle veya semtlerde ve evlerde oturmakta olan bu gruplar,
benimsedikleri genel kültürün yanında, birer grup olarak, onların tavır
ve hareketlerine şekil veren, birbirleriyle olan kalıplaşmış ilişkilerini
belirleyen, en belirgin şekillerini Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde gördüğümüz tâli-kültür kalıplarına da sahiptirler.
Yazımız, tarihî bir inceleme seyri izleyerek, kabaca yüksek, orta ve
aşağı olarak nitelenebilecek sosyal sınıfların ne tür tâli- kültür özelliklerine
sahip olduklarını; oluşmuş bulunan bu kültürel zeminlerde ne tür sosyalleşme tekniklerinin uygulanmış olduğunu; tâli-kültürlerin bireylerin
kişilikleri ve sosyo-kültürel kişilikleri üzerinde ne gibi olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri bulunabileceğini; bu etkileme ile oluşmuş status kişiliklerinin,
sınıf atlama anlamında, bir dikey hareketliliğe yol açıp açmadığını; bir
insanın sınıfını yükseltmesinde, başarı motivasyonu denen psikolojik
mekanizmanın, aşılanan yükselme hırsının bir etkisinin bulunup bulunmadığını; ve bugünün sanayileşmiş toplumlarında sınıf atlamada
öne çıkan bir faktör olarak, eğitimin, maharet sahibi olmanın, bir başka
deyimle, insanî sermayenin rolünün ne olduğunu incelemeye çalışmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal sınıf, tâli-kültür, sosyalleşme, kişilik, dikey hareketlilik, başarı motivasyonu, eğitim

Social Classes as a Factor of Socialization and Personality Formation

Öz

Social class groupings, in reference to castes and color castes as
an indicator of socioeconomic status, are social structures which,
to certain extent, allow social mobility. These groups, in their most coherent shape, have formed in the cities, at the same time each
have local community characteristics. These groups that are residing
in districts, neighborhoods and buildings of different characters are
differentiated by occupation, income, education level and accepted life
style, in addition to the general culture they have adopted, have also
sub-cultural patterns that shape their attitudes and value orientations
which are observed most manifestly in the United States (of America).
Following an historical investigation route, our essay tries to study
the kinds of social structural characteristics of classes that may
rouphly be classified as high, medium and low. We also study, whether
the socializing functions of sub-cultures have these classes on
personality formation; whether the status personalities formed by sociocultural interaction processes cause any vertical mobility; whether the
psychological mechanism called achievement motivation has any effect
in one’s going up and down in class position and whether the role of
education and aspiration in occupation as a leading factor or nearly
indispensable prerequisite for social mobility in the industrialized
communities of present day.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social class, sub-culture, socialization, personality, vertical mobility, achievement motivation, education

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