“Ahlak” Üzerine Notlar

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 44, 161 - 172, 04.12.2005

Erdoğan Yıldırım

Öz

Günümüzde giderek yaygınlaşarak kullanılan etik kavramı ve onunla sonlanan isim tamlamaları analitik bir temelden yoksundur. Doğrusu Türkçe’ye ‘ahlak’ olarak çevrilmesi gereken günümüz
‘etik’ söylemlerinin analizi Hegel’in Kant eleştirisinde olduğu gibi bu alanın iki farklı kavramla ele
alınması gerekliliğini ortaya koyar. Buna göre, insanın içsel akıl yürütmesi sonucu sahip olduğu iyikötü bilgisi olarak ahlak (moralitat) ve toplumsal yaşayıştan doğan kurallar dizgesi olarak kendisini
gösteren töre (ya da töresel yaşam, ethic veya Sittlichkeit) arasında ciddi bir aynm vardır. Bu ikisinin
karıştırılması ve ahlakın töresel yaşamın gerçekleri aleyhine önplana çıkartılması gerçekçi olmamasının ötesinde felsefi, hukuki ve siyasi açıdan ciddi sorunlar doğurur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ahlak, töre, töresel yaşam, hak, kalıcı barış

Consıderatıons on Moralıty

Öz

The concept of ethic and compound concepts ending with it that acquire increasing popularity
in our contemporary world are missing any analytical ground. A preliminary analysis of the concept of
ethic shovvs that indeed we need two close but quite different concepts in approaching this field as one
can see in Hegel’s critique of Kantian conceptualization. According to Hegel, there is a serious need
to differentiate betvveen morality (moralitat) understood as the knowledge of good and evil acquired
through inner reflection and ethic (ethical life, Sittlichkeit) as set of rules of conduct arisin from the
actuality of the social life. Any confusion in this differentiation will inevitably lead to the emergence
of grave difficulties in theoretical, juridical, political and social life in addition to its being unrealistic. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

morality, ethic, ethical life, right, perpetual peace

Kaynakça

• Aristotle, 1985, Nichomachean Ethics, in Bames, Jonathan (yay.), The Complete Works of Aristotle, Vol. II, The Princeton University Press, Princeton, içinde sh. 1729-1867.
• Foucault, Michel, 1979, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Vintage Books, New York.
• - 1980a, ‘Tw o Lectures”, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, The Harvester Press, Sussex, içinde sh. 78-108.
• - 1980b, “Povvers and Strategies” , Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, The Harvester Press, Sussex, içinde sh. 134- 145.
• - 1980c, ‘T he Eye of Povver” , Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, The Harvester Press, Sussex, içinde sh. 146-165.
• - 1980d, ‘The History of Sexuality” , Power/Knowledge: Selected lnterviews and Other Writings 1972-1977, The Harvester Press, Sussex, içinde sh. 183- 193.
• - 1984, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth.
• - 1986, The History o f Sexuality, Vol. II: The Use o f Pleasure, Vintage Books, New York.
• Habermas, Jürgen ve Jacques Derrida, 2003, “February 15, or What Binds Europeans Together: A Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in the Core of Europe”, Constellations, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 291-297.
• Hegel, G. W. F., 1996, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, çev. H. B. Nisbet, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Kant, Immanuel, (1775-1780) 1963, Lectures on Ethics, Harper & Row, New York.
• - (1784) 1983, “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Intent”, Kant Immanuel, 1983, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Morals, çev. Ted Humphrey, Hackett Publishing Co., Indianapolis, Cambridge, sh. 29-40 (Türkçe metindeki kısaltılmış başlık: “Evrensel Tarih”).
• - (1785) 1956, Groundwork o f the Metaphysic of Morals, Harper & Row, New York.
• - (1786) 1983, “Speculative Beginning of Human History”, Kant Immanuel, 1983, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Morals, çev. Ted Humphrey, Hackett Publishing Co., Indianapolis, Cambridge, sh. 49-60 (Metin içinde kısaltılmış başlık: “İnsanlık Tarihi”).
• - (1788) 1975, Critique of Practical Reason, The Bobbs-Merril Comp., Indianapolis.
• - (1793) 1983, “On the Proverb: That may be True in Theory, But is of No Practical Use”, Kant Immanuel, 1983, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Morals, çev. Ted Humphrey, Hackett Publishing Co., Indianapolis, Cambridge, sh. 61-92 (Metin içinde kısaltılmış başlık: ‘Teori ve Pratik”).
• - (1794) 1983, ‘T he End of Ali Things”, Kant Immanuel, 1983, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Morals, çev. Ted Humphrey, Hackett Publishing Co., Indianapolis, Cambridge, sh. 93-105 (Türkçe başlığı: “Herşeyin Sonu”).
• - (1795) 1983, ‘T o Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch”, Kant Immanuel, 1983, Perpetual Peace and Other Essays on Politics, History, and Morals, çev. Ted Humphrey, Hackett Publishing Co., Indianapolis, Cambridge, sh. 107-143 (Metin içinde kısaltılmış başlık: “Kalıcı Barış”).
• - (1797) 1991, The Metaphysics o f Morals, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge ve Ne w York.
• Parliament of the W orld’s Religions, 1993, Declaration Toward a Global Ethic, Chicago.
• Plato, 1980, Republic, Hamilton, Edith and Huntington Cairns (yay.), The Collected Dialogues of Plato (Including Letters), Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, içinde sh. 575-844.
• Ringen, Stein, 2004, ”Wealth and Decay: Norway Funds a Massive Political SelfExamination — and Finds Trouble for Ali”, Times Literary Supplement, February 13, no. 5263, sh. 3-5.
• Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, 2001, ‘Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Bankacılık Etik İlkeleri”, İstanbul.