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Examining the Relationship between the Level of Post-Traumatic Stress Response on Occupational Balance and Quality of Life in Syrian Refugee Children

Yıl 2023, , 1 - 10, 10.01.2023

Sümeyye Belhan Çelik , Meral Huri

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1020420

Öz

Purpose: It is known that children who are exposed to traumatic events resulting from conflict have an increased response to stress after trauma. The study aimed to examine the effect of the level of the post-traumatic stress response (LPTS) on occupational balance (OB) and quality of life (QoL). Material and Methods: Ninety-two refugee children between the ages of 12 and 16 who had experienced war in their country participated in the study. The Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index, the Occupational Balance Questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory were administered to the participants. The relationships between the level of stress and occupational balance and quality of life were investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post-traumatic Child Activity Quality of Life

Kaynakça

  • Abdeen, Z., Qasrawi, R., Nabil, S., & Shaheen, M. (2008). Psychological reactions to Israeli occupation: findings from the national study of school-based screening in Palestine. IJBD, 32(4), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408092220
  • Akinyemi, O., Owoaje, E., Ige, O., & Popoola, O. (2012). Comparative study of mental health and quality of life in long term refugees and host populations in Oru-Ijebu, Southwest Nigeria. BMC Res Notes, 5(394), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-394
  • Al‐Smadi, A. M., Tawalbeh, L. I., Gammoh, O. S., Ashour, A. F., Alshraifeen, A., & Gougazeh, Y. M. (2017). Anxiety, stress, and quality of life among Iraqi refugees in Jordan: a cross sectional survey. Nurs Health Sci, 19(1), 100-104. https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.1.1744
  • Ashing-Giwa, K. T., Lim, J. W., & Tang, J. (2010). Surviving cervical cancer: does health-related quality of life influence survival? Gynecol Oncol, 118(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.02.027
  • Bani-Rshaid, A. M., Al-Serhan, M. A., & Jaradat, A. K. M. (2019). Quality of life and self-determination among syrian female refugees in Jordan. JSHSR, 7(4), 505-514.
  • Beers, S. R., & De Bellis, M. D. (2002). Neuropsychological function in children with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 159(3), 483-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.483
  • Belhan Çelik, S., Özkan, E., & Bumin, G. (2022). Effects of occupational therapy via telerehabilitation on occupational balance, well-being, intrinsic motivation and quality of life in syrian refugee children in COVID-19 lockdown: a randomized controlled trial. Children, 9(4), 485. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/children9040485
  • Betancourt, T. S., Frounfelker, R., Mishra, T., Hussein, A., & Falzarano, R. (2015). Addressing health disparities in the mental health of refugee children and adolescents through community-based participatory research: a study in 2 communities. Am J Public Health, 105(53), S475-S482. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504
  • Boylu, A. A., & Paçacıoğlu, B. (2016). Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 8(15), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.266011
  • Brymer, M., Steinberg, A., Sonoborger, J., Layne, C. & Pynoos, R. (2008). Acute interventions for refugee children and families. Child and Adoles Psychiatr Clin . Am, 17(3), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2008.02.007
  • Bücker, J., Kapczinski, F., Post, R., Ceresér, K. M., Szobot, C., Yatham, L. N., et al. (2012). Cognitive impairment in school-aged children with early trauma. Compr Psychiatry, 53(6), 758-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.12.006
  • Carlsson, J. M., Olsen, D. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Kastrup, M. (2006). Mental health and health-related quality of life: a 10-year follow-up of tortured refugees. J Nerv Ment, 194(10), 725-731. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000243079.52138.b7
  • Copley, J., Turpin, M., Gordon, S., & McLaren, C. (2011). Development and evaluation of an occupational therapy program for refugee high school students. Aust Occup Ther J, 58(4), 310-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2011.00933.x.
  • Danielsson, F. B., Schultz Larsen, M., Nørgaard, B., & Lauritsen, J. M. (2018). Quality of life and level of post-traumatic stress disorder among trauma patients: a comparative study between a regional and a university hospital. Scand J Trauma Resusc, 26(2018), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-018-0507-0
  • Darawsheh, W. B. (2019). Exploration of occupational deprivation among Syrian refugees displaced in Jordan. Am J Occup Ther, 73(4), 7304205030p1-7304205030p9. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.030460
  • Driver, C., & Beltran, R. O. (1998). Impact of refugee trauma on children's occupational role as school students. Aust Occup Ther J, 45(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1998.tb00779.x
  • Erden, G., Kılıç, E. Z., Uslu, R. İ., & Kerimoğlu, E. (1999). Çocuklar İçin Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlik, güvenirlik çalışması. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 6(3), 143-149.
  • Gümüşten, D. (2017). Mülteci çocukların eğitimi ve uyumlarına yönelik yapılan müdahale programları üzerine bir derleme. Nesne-Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(10), 247-264. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-05-10-03
  • Günal, A., Pekçetin, S., Demirtürk, F., Şenol, H., Håkansson, C., & Wagman, P. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Turkish Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T). Scand J Occup Ther, 27(7), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1673479
  • Herman, J. L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York, NY: Basic Books. Huijts, I., Kleijn, W. C., van Emmerik, A. A., Noordhof, A., & Smith, A. J. (2012). Dealing with man‐made trauma: the relationship between coping style, posttraumatic stress, and quality of life in resettled, traumatized refugees in the Netherlands. J Trauma Stress, 25(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21665
  • Kaplan, I., Stolk, Y., Valibhoy, M., Tucker, A., & Baker, J. (2016). Cognitive assessment of refugee children: effects of trauma and new language acquisition. Transcult Psychiatry, 53(1), 81-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461515612933
  • Kim, J., Heo, J., & Lee, C. (2016). Exploring the relationship between types of leisure activities and acculturation among Korean immigrants. Leisure Stud, 35(1), 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816631107
  • Lewis, H. (2015). Music, dancing and clothing as belonging and freedom among people seeking asylum in the UK. Leisure Stud, 34(1), 42-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.966744
  • Mace, A. O., Mulheron, S., Jones, C., & Cherian, S. (2014). Educational, developmental and psychological outcomes of resettled refugee children in Western Australia: a review of school of special educational needs: medical and Mental Health input. J Paediatr Child Health, 50(May), 985–992. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12674
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Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2023, , 1 - 10, 10.01.2023

Sümeyye Belhan Çelik , Meral Huri

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1020420

Öz

Amaç: Savaş deneyimine bağlı olarak gelişen travmatik olaylara maruz kalan çocukların travma sonrasında strese karşı tepki düzeyinin arttığı bilinmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, travma sonrası stres tepki düzeyinin aktivite-rol dengesi ve yaşam kalitesine etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya ülkesinde savaş deneyimi yaşamış 12-16 yaş aralığındaki 92 mülteci çocuk katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Çocuklar için Travma sonrası Stres Tepki Ölçeği (ÇTSTÖ), Rol-Aktivite Dengesi Anketi (RADA) ve Çocuklar için Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ÇİYKÖ) uygulanmıştır. Stres tepki düzeyinin aktivite-rol dengesi ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Çocukların travma sonrası stres tepki düzeyi ile aktivite-rol dengesi arasında (r=-0,948, p=0,001) ve travma sonrası stres tepki düzeyi ile yaşam kalitesi arasında (r=-0,820, p=0,001) istatistiksel olarak negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulundu. Tartışma: Savaş ve zorunlu göç gibi travmatik deneyimler nedeniyle aktivite-rol dengesi ve yaşam kalitesi olumsuz olarak etkilenmektedir. Çalışmamızda da her iki parametre travma sonrası stres tepki düzeyinin artışıyla beraber negatif yönde güçlü oranda etkilenmiştir. Bunun yanında, travma sonrası stres tepki düzeyinin aktivite-rol dengesi üzerindeki etkilerine yönelik mülteci popülasyonuyla yapılmış herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Travmatik yaşam deneyimlerine maruz kalan mülteci çocuklar için kapsamlı bir değerlendirme ve müdahale yaklaşımlarını içeren ergoterapi ve rehabilitasyon programlarının geliştirilmesi ve anlamlı ve amaçlı aktivitelerin oluşturulması çocukların mental sağlığı için büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Post-travmatik çocuk aktivite yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

  • Abdeen, Z., Qasrawi, R., Nabil, S., & Shaheen, M. (2008). Psychological reactions to Israeli occupation: findings from the national study of school-based screening in Palestine. IJBD, 32(4), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408092220
  • Akinyemi, O., Owoaje, E., Ige, O., & Popoola, O. (2012). Comparative study of mental health and quality of life in long term refugees and host populations in Oru-Ijebu, Southwest Nigeria. BMC Res Notes, 5(394), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-394
  • Al‐Smadi, A. M., Tawalbeh, L. I., Gammoh, O. S., Ashour, A. F., Alshraifeen, A., & Gougazeh, Y. M. (2017). Anxiety, stress, and quality of life among Iraqi refugees in Jordan: a cross sectional survey. Nurs Health Sci, 19(1), 100-104. https://doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.1.1744
  • Ashing-Giwa, K. T., Lim, J. W., & Tang, J. (2010). Surviving cervical cancer: does health-related quality of life influence survival? Gynecol Oncol, 118(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.02.027
  • Bani-Rshaid, A. M., Al-Serhan, M. A., & Jaradat, A. K. M. (2019). Quality of life and self-determination among syrian female refugees in Jordan. JSHSR, 7(4), 505-514.
  • Beers, S. R., & De Bellis, M. D. (2002). Neuropsychological function in children with maltreatment-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 159(3), 483-486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.483
  • Belhan Çelik, S., Özkan, E., & Bumin, G. (2022). Effects of occupational therapy via telerehabilitation on occupational balance, well-being, intrinsic motivation and quality of life in syrian refugee children in COVID-19 lockdown: a randomized controlled trial. Children, 9(4), 485. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/children9040485
  • Betancourt, T. S., Frounfelker, R., Mishra, T., Hussein, A., & Falzarano, R. (2015). Addressing health disparities in the mental health of refugee children and adolescents through community-based participatory research: a study in 2 communities. Am J Public Health, 105(53), S475-S482. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302504
  • Boylu, A. A., & Paçacıoğlu, B. (2016). Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 8(15), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.266011
  • Brymer, M., Steinberg, A., Sonoborger, J., Layne, C. & Pynoos, R. (2008). Acute interventions for refugee children and families. Child and Adoles Psychiatr Clin . Am, 17(3), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2008.02.007
  • Bücker, J., Kapczinski, F., Post, R., Ceresér, K. M., Szobot, C., Yatham, L. N., et al. (2012). Cognitive impairment in school-aged children with early trauma. Compr Psychiatry, 53(6), 758-764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.12.006
  • Carlsson, J. M., Olsen, D. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Kastrup, M. (2006). Mental health and health-related quality of life: a 10-year follow-up of tortured refugees. J Nerv Ment, 194(10), 725-731. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000243079.52138.b7
  • Copley, J., Turpin, M., Gordon, S., & McLaren, C. (2011). Development and evaluation of an occupational therapy program for refugee high school students. Aust Occup Ther J, 58(4), 310-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2011.00933.x.
  • Danielsson, F. B., Schultz Larsen, M., Nørgaard, B., & Lauritsen, J. M. (2018). Quality of life and level of post-traumatic stress disorder among trauma patients: a comparative study between a regional and a university hospital. Scand J Trauma Resusc, 26(2018), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-018-0507-0
  • Darawsheh, W. B. (2019). Exploration of occupational deprivation among Syrian refugees displaced in Jordan. Am J Occup Ther, 73(4), 7304205030p1-7304205030p9. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.030460
  • Driver, C., & Beltran, R. O. (1998). Impact of refugee trauma on children's occupational role as school students. Aust Occup Ther J, 45(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1998.tb00779.x
  • Erden, G., Kılıç, E. Z., Uslu, R. İ., & Kerimoğlu, E. (1999). Çocuklar İçin Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlik, güvenirlik çalışması. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health, 6(3), 143-149.
  • Gümüşten, D. (2017). Mülteci çocukların eğitimi ve uyumlarına yönelik yapılan müdahale programları üzerine bir derleme. Nesne-Psikoloji Dergisi, 5(10), 247-264. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-05-10-03
  • Günal, A., Pekçetin, S., Demirtürk, F., Şenol, H., Håkansson, C., & Wagman, P. (2019). Validity and reliability of the Turkish Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11-T). Scand J Occup Ther, 27(7), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1673479
  • Herman, J. L. (1997). Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence - From Domestic Abuse to Political Terror. New York, NY: Basic Books. Huijts, I., Kleijn, W. C., van Emmerik, A. A., Noordhof, A., & Smith, A. J. (2012). Dealing with man‐made trauma: the relationship between coping style, posttraumatic stress, and quality of life in resettled, traumatized refugees in the Netherlands. J Trauma Stress, 25(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21665
  • Kaplan, I., Stolk, Y., Valibhoy, M., Tucker, A., & Baker, J. (2016). Cognitive assessment of refugee children: effects of trauma and new language acquisition. Transcult Psychiatry, 53(1), 81-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461515612933
  • Kim, J., Heo, J., & Lee, C. (2016). Exploring the relationship between types of leisure activities and acculturation among Korean immigrants. Leisure Stud, 35(1), 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167816631107
  • Lewis, H. (2015). Music, dancing and clothing as belonging and freedom among people seeking asylum in the UK. Leisure Stud, 34(1), 42-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2014.966744
  • Mace, A. O., Mulheron, S., Jones, C., & Cherian, S. (2014). Educational, developmental and psychological outcomes of resettled refugee children in Western Australia: a review of school of special educational needs: medical and Mental Health input. J Paediatr Child Health, 50(May), 985–992. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12674
  • MacMillan, K. K., Ohan, J., Cherian, S., & Mutch, R. C. (2015). Refugee children's play: before and after migration to Australia. J Paediatr Child Health, 51(8), 771-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12849
  • McElroy, T., Muyinda, H., Atim, S., Spittal, P., & Backman, C. (2012). War, displacement and productive occupations in northern Uganda. J Occup Sci, 19(3), 198-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12849
  • Memik, N. C., Agaoglu, B., Coskun, A., Uneri, O. S., & Karakaya, I. (2007). The validity and reliability of the Turkish Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for children 13-18 years old. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 18(4), 353-363.
  • Morville, A. L., & Erlandsson, L. K. (2013). The experience of occupational deprivation in an asylum centre: the narratives of three men. J Occup Sci, 20(3), 212-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2013.808976
  • Mülteciler Derneği. (2021). Türkiyedeki Suriyeli Sayısı Ekim 2021. Retrieved from the Web, December 5, 2021. https://multeciler.org.tr/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-sayisi/
  • Nakeyar, C., Esses, V., & Reid, G. J. (2018). The psychosocial needs of refugee children and youth and best practices for filling these needs: a systematic review. Clin Child Psychol, 23(2), 186-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104517742188
  • Niemi, M., Manhica, H., Gunnarsson, D., Ståhle, G., Larsson, S., & Saboonchi, F. (2019). A scoping review and conceptual model of social participation and mental health among refugees and asylum seekers. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(20), 4027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204027
  • Parente, M., Tofani, M., De Santis, R., Esposito, G., Santilli, V., & Galeoto, G. (2017). The role of the occupational therapist in disaster areas: systematic review. Occup Ther Int, 2017(2), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6474761
  • Pressman, S. D., Matthews, K. A., Cohen, S., Martire, L. M., Scheier, M., Baum, A., et al. (2009). Association of enjoyable leisure activities with psychological and physical well-being. Psychosom Med, 71(7), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ad7978
  • Prince, M., Patel, V., Saxena, S., Maj, M., Maselko, J., Phillips, M. R., et al. (2007). No health without mental health. Lancet, 370(9590), 859-877. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61238-0
  • Pynoos, R. S., Frederick, C., Nader, K., Arroyo, W., Steinberg, A., Eth, S., et al. (1987). Life threat and posttraumatic stress in school-age children. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44(12), 1057-1063. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800240031005
  • Rambeau, N. (2010). The effects of trauma-related occupational deprivation on adolescent refugees. Emerging Practicecats, Retrieved from the Web February 3, 2022. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48844518.pdf
  • Raveica, G., Raveica, I. C., & Ciucurel, M. M. (2012). Occupational balance in children of 8-10 years and its influence on school performance. Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 46(2012), 3752-3756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.141
  • Ringburg, A., Polinder, S., Van Ierland, P., Steyerberg, E., Lieshout, E., & Patka, P. (2011). Prevalence and prognostic factors of disability after major trauma. J Trauma Inj, 70(4), 916–922. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e3181f6bce8
  • Rousseau, C. (1995). The mental health of refugee children. J Trauma Inj, 32(3), 299-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/136346159503200304
  • Rousseau, C., Drapeau, A., & Corin, E. (1996). School performance and emotional problems in refugee children. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 66(2), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0080175
  • Sahin, E., Dagli, T. E., Acarturk, C., & Dagli, F. S. (2021). Vulnerabilities of Syrian refugee children in Turkey and actions taken for prevention and management in terms of health and wellbeing. Child Abuse Negl, 119, 104628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104628
  • Schlack, R., Ravens-Sieberer, U., & Petermann, F. (2013). Psychological problems, protective factors and health-related quality of life in youth affected by violence: the burden of the multiply victimised. J Adolesc, 36(3), 587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.006
  • Silove, D. (1999). The psychosocial effects of torture, mass human rights violations, and refugee trauma: toward an integrated conceptual framework. J Nerv Ment Dis, 187(4), 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199904000-00002
  • Sirin, S. R., & Rogers-Sirin, L. (2015). The Educational and Mental Health Needs of Syrian Refugee Children. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.
  • Steindl, C., Winding, K., & Runge, U. (2008). Occupation and participation in everyday life: women's experiences of an Austrian refugee camp. J Occup Sci, 15(1), 36-42.
  • Stickley, A., & Stickley, T. (2010). A holistic model for the rehabilitation and recovery of internally displaced people in war-torn Uganda. BJOT, 73(7), 335-338. https://10.4276/030802210X12759925544461
  • Stodolska, M., & Livengood, J. S. (2006). The influence of religion on the leisure behavior of immigrant Muslims in the United States. J Leis Res, 38(3), 293-320. 10.1080/00222216.2006.11950080
  • Teodorescu, D., Siqveland, J., Heir, T., Hauff, E., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Lars, L. (2012). Posttraumatic growth, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, post-migration stressors and quality of life in multi- traumatized psychiatric outpatients with a refugee background in Norway. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 10(84), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-84
  • Thabet, A. A. M., Abed, Y., & Vostanis, P. (2004). Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict. J Child Psychol Psyc, 45(3), 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00243.x
  • The Whoqol Group. (1998). The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL): development and general psychometric properties. Soc Sci Med 46(12), 1569-1585. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00009-4
  • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2020). Global trends in forced displacement-2020. Retrieved from the Web, December 5, 2021. https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/60b638e37/global-trends-forced-displacement-2020.html
  • Van Der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S., Pelcovitz, D., Sunday, S., & Spinazzola, J. (2005). Disorders of extreme stress: the empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma. J Trauma Stress, 18(5), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1002/JTS.20047
  • Varni, J. W., Seid, M., & Kurtin, P. S. (2001). PedsQL™ 4.0: Reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales in healthy and patient populations. Med Care, 39(8), 800-812. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200108000-000
  • Wagman, P., & Håkansson, C. (2014). Introducing the occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ). Scand J Occup Ther, 21(3), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2014.900571
  • Wagman, P., Håkansson, C., & Björklund, A. (2012). Occupational balance as used in occupational therapy: a concept analysis. Scand J Occup Ther, 19(4), 322-327. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2011.596219
  • Wagman, P., Lindmark, U., Rolander, B., Wahlin, C., & Hakansson, C. (2017). Occupational balance in health professionals in Sweden. Scand J Occup Ther, 24, 18–23 https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2016.1203459
  • Wilcock, A. A., & Hocking, C. (2015). Occupational Risk Factors. Wilcock, A. A., & Hocking, C. (Eds.), An Occupational Perspective of Health, (Third Edition, pp.137). Thorofare, NJ: Slack.
  • Wilcock, A. A., Chelin, M., Hall, M., Hamley, N., Morrison, B., Scrivener, L., et al. (1997). The relationship between occupational balance and health: a pilot study. Occup Ther Int, 4(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.45
  • Yau, M. K. S. (1997). The impact of refugee resettlement on Southeast Asian adolescents and young adults: implications for occupational therapists. Occup Ther Inter, 4(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.44
  • Yun, K., Hebrank, K., Graber, L. K., Sullivan, M. C., Chen, I., & Gupta, J. (2012). High prevalence of chronic non-communicable conditions among adult refugees: implications for practice and policy. J Community Health, 37(5), 1110-1118. https://10.1007/s10900-012-9552-1
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sümeyye Belhan Çelik 0000-0002-2333-0286

Meral Huri 0000-0002-8738-9594

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Belhan Çelik, S., & Huri, M. (2023). Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 11(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1020420
AMA Belhan Çelik S, Huri M. Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. Ocak 2023;11(1):1-10. doi:10.30720/ered.1020420
Chicago Belhan Çelik, Sümeyye, ve Meral Huri. “Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11, sy. 1 (Ocak 2023): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1020420.
EndNote Belhan Çelik S, Huri M (01 Ocak 2023) Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11 1 1–10.
IEEE S. Belhan Çelik ve M. Huri, “Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, ss. 1–10, 2023, doi: 10.30720/ered.1020420.
ISNAD Belhan Çelik, Sümeyye - Huri, Meral. “Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11/1 (Ocak 2023), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1020420.
JAMA Belhan Çelik S, Huri M. Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2023;11:1–10.
MLA Belhan Çelik, Sümeyye ve Meral Huri. “Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi Ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, c. 11, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 1-10, doi:10.30720/ered.1020420.
Vancouver Belhan Çelik S, Huri M. Suriyeli Mülteci Çocuklarda Travma Sonrası Stres Tepki Düzeyinin Aktivite-Rol Dengesi ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2023;11(1):1-10.

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