MOTOSİKLETLİ KURYELERDE BİREYSEL GÜRÜLTÜ MARUZİYET SEVİYESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 72 - 79, 15.08.2025

Çiğdem Yarış Emre Gümüş

https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1607354

Öz

Bu çalışma, İstanbul'da motosikletli kuryelerin gerçek çalışma koşullarındaki bireysel gürültü maruziyet seviyelerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçümler, ISO 11904-1 standartlarına uygun olarak Mikrofonla Gerçek Kulak (MIRE) tekniği kullanılarak üç belirli güzergâhta gerçekleştirilmiştir. En riskli güzergâhta gürültü seviyeleri 86.84 dBA'ya ulaşmış ve maruziyetin izin verilen sınırları aştığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer güzergahlarda ise sınıra yakın seviyelerde maruziyet tespit edilmiştir. Gürültü kaynakları arasında motor sesi, rüzgâr türbülansı ve şehir trafiği yer almaktadır. Analiz, ana katkı sağlayıcı frekansların 100–1.000 Hz aralığında yoğunlaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu yüksek maruziyet, işitme kaybı risklerini artırmakta ve geliştirilmiş kask tasarımı, gürültü azaltıcı teknolojiler ile politika müdahaleleri gibi stratejilerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, özellikle yoğun kentsel bölgelerde motosikletli kuryelerin işitme sağlığını korumak için koruyucu önlemlerin önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Öneriler arasında düzenli işitme sağlığı değerlendirmeleri, optimize edilmiş teslimat güzergâhları ve mesleki gürültü riskleri konusunda farkındalık artırıcı kampanyalar yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motosikletli Kuryeler , Gürültü Maruziyeti , İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği , Gürültü Ölçümü , ergonomi

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2209-A Proje No: 1919B012301178

DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS

Öz

This paper presents an attempt to measure individual exposure to noise of motorcycle couriers working in Istanbul under real working conditions. Noise measurements were done by using the MIRE technique according to the ISO 11904-1 standard along three chosen routes. Results indicate that frequently the exposure to noise exceeded the maximum limits and reaches an adjusted Leq of 86.84 dBA for the route with the highest risk. On other routes, exposure remains close to the limit. Sources of noise were from engine noises, turbulence caused by wind, and urban traffic flow. It highlighted that frequencies between 100 Hz and 1,000 Hz provide the highest contribution. Considering high levels of exposure to this, it may increase the risk of hearing impairment among motorcycle couriers; hence, strategies for mitigation through improved design of helmets, noise-reducing technologies, and policy interventions become mandatory. This paper highlights the need for protection measures with a view ensuring the auditory health of motorcycle couriers is safeguarded, particularly in the context of metropolitan cities. It includes recommendations for routine auditory health assessments, optimized delivery routes, and increased awareness of occupational noise risks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motorcycle Couriers , Noise Exposure , Occupational Health and Safety , Noise Measurement , ergonomics

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBİTAK

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2209-A Proje No: 1919B012301178

Teşekkür

This study was supported by TÜBİTAK under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program with the application number 1919B012301178.

Kaynakça

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• Ali, A., Mohamad Hussain, R., Dahlan, A., & Asghar, A. (2020). Assessment of Motorcycle Noise Exposure Levels (LAeq, dBA) at Various Noise Standards and Speeds. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 5(15), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2455
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• Amine, J. D., Azodo, A. P., Onyekwere, S. O., & Tarihi, G. (2023). Noise Emission Characterization of Different Commercial Motorcyles in Nigeria for Appropriate Management Strategies. In USBTU (Vol. 2, Issue 1).
• Apparicio, P., Gelb, J., Carrier, M., Mathieu, M. È., & Kingham, S. (2018). Exposure to Noise and Air Pollution by Mode of Transportation During Rush Hours in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, 70, 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.06.007
• Barrero, J. P., García-Herrero, S., & Mariscal, M. A. (2022). Influence of Noise Level and Seniority in The Workplace on the SAL, ELI and Percentage of Hearing Loss Indices in The Diagnosis and Prevention of Hearing Loss in The Working Population. Journal of Safety Research, 80, 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSR.2021.12.025
• Brown, C. H., & Gordon, M. S. (2011). Motorcycle Helmet Noise and Active Noise Reduction. In The Open Acoustics Journal (Vol. 4).
• Chen, W. L., Chen, C. J., Yeh, C. Y., Lin, C. T., Cheng, H. C., & Chen, R. Y. (2013). Workplace Noise Exposure and Its Consequent Annoyance to Dentists. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 5(5), 177–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECM.2013.08.009
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• He, J., Smith, L. M., Shkembi, A., & Neitzel, R. L. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Occupational Noise Exposure on Workplace Fatal and Nonfatal Injuries in The U.S. (2006–2020). International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 263, 114468. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEH.2024.114468
• Hernandez, M., Kockelman, K. M., Lentz, J. O., & Lee, J. (2019). Emissions and noise mitigation through use of electric motorcycles. Transportation Safety and Environment, 1(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdz013
• Jo, H., & Baek, E. M. (2024). Impacts of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss on Sleep, Health, And Workplace: Multi-Group Analysis. Heliyon, 10(9), e30861. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E30861
• Jordan, C., Hetherington, O., Woodside, A., & Harvey, H. (2004). Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Occupational Motorcyclists. Journal of Environmental Health Research, 3(2), 66–71.
• Lechner, C., Schnaiter, D., Siebert, U., & Böse-O’reilly, S. (2020). Effects of Motorcycle Noise on Annoyance—A Cross-Sectional Study in The Alps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051580
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• Paviotti, M., & Vogiatzis, K. (2012). On the Outdoor Annoyance from Scooter and Motorbike Noise in The Urban Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 430, 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.010
• Regulation on the Type Approval of the External Noise Emissions and Exhaust Systems of Motor Vehicles (70/157/AT), Pub. L. No. 24246 (2000).
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