DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS

Çiğdem Yarış; Emre Gümüş

doi:10.33439/ergonomi.1607354

TR EN

MOTOSİKLETLİ KURYELERDE BİREYSEL GÜRÜLTÜ MARUZİYET SEVİYESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, İstanbul'da motosikletli kuryelerin gerçek çalışma koşullarındaki bireysel gürültü maruziyet seviyelerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçümler, ISO 11904-1 standartlarına uygun olarak Mikrofonla Gerçek Kulak (MIRE) tekniği kullanılarak üç belirli güzergâhta gerçekleştirilmiştir. En riskli güzergâhta gürültü seviyeleri 86.84 dBA'ya ulaşmış ve maruziyetin izin verilen sınırları aştığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer güzergahlarda ise sınıra yakın seviyelerde maruziyet tespit edilmiştir. Gürültü kaynakları arasında motor sesi, rüzgâr türbülansı ve şehir trafiği yer almaktadır. Analiz, ana katkı sağlayıcı frekansların 100–1.000 Hz aralığında yoğunlaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu yüksek maruziyet, işitme kaybı risklerini artırmakta ve geliştirilmiş kask tasarımı, gürültü azaltıcı teknolojiler ile politika müdahaleleri gibi stratejilerin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, özellikle yoğun kentsel bölgelerde motosikletli kuryelerin işitme sağlığını korumak için koruyucu önlemlerin önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Öneriler arasında düzenli işitme sağlığı değerlendirmeleri, optimize edilmiş teslimat güzergâhları ve mesleki gürültü riskleri konusunda farkındalık artırıcı kampanyalar yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motosikletli Kuryeler, Gürültü Maruziyeti, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Gürültü Ölçümü, ergonomi

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2209-A Proje No: 1919B012301178

DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS

Öz

This paper presents an attempt to measure individual exposure to noise of motorcycle couriers working in Istanbul under real working conditions. Noise measurements were done by using the MIRE technique according to the ISO 11904-1 standard along three chosen routes. Results indicate that frequently the exposure to noise exceeded the maximum limits and reaches an adjusted Leq of 86.84 dBA for the route with the highest risk. On other routes, exposure remains close to the limit. Sources of noise were from engine noises, turbulence caused by wind, and urban traffic flow. It highlighted that frequencies between 100 Hz and 1,000 Hz provide the highest contribution. Considering high levels of exposure to this, it may increase the risk of hearing impairment among motorcycle couriers; hence, strategies for mitigation through improved design of helmets, noise-reducing technologies, and policy interventions become mandatory. This paper highlights the need for protection measures with a view ensuring the auditory health of motorcycle couriers is safeguarded, particularly in the context of metropolitan cities. It includes recommendations for routine auditory health assessments, optimized delivery routes, and increased awareness of occupational noise risks.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motorcycle Couriers, Noise Exposure, Occupational Health and Safety, Noise Measurement, ergonomics

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBİTAK

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2209-A Proje No: 1919B012301178

Teşekkür

This study was supported by TÜBİTAK under the 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program with the application number 1919B012301178.

Kaynakça

Ali, A., & Dom, N. C. (2018). At-Ear Noise Levels Under the Helmet: A Field Study on Noise Exposure of Young Motorcyclists. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(3S), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v10i3s.18
Ali, A., Mohamad Hussain, R., Dahlan, A., & Asghar, A. (2020). Assessment of Motorcycle Noise Exposure Levels (LAeq, dBA) at Various Noise Standards and Speeds. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 5(15), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2455
Amine, J. D., Azodo, A. P., Onyekwere, S. O., & Tarihi, G. (2023). Noise Emission Characterization of Different Commercial Motorcyles in Nigeria for Appropriate Management Strategies. In USBTU (Vol. 2, Issue 1).
Apparicio, P., Gelb, J., Carrier, M., Mathieu, M. È., & Kingham, S. (2018). Exposure to Noise and Air Pollution by Mode of Transportation During Rush Hours in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, 70, 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.06.007
Barrero, J. P., García-Herrero, S., & Mariscal, M. A. (2022). Influence of Noise Level and Seniority in The Workplace on the SAL, ELI and Percentage of Hearing Loss Indices in The Diagnosis and Prevention of Hearing Loss in The Working Population. Journal of Safety Research, 80, 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSR.2021.12.025
Brown, C. H., & Gordon, M. S. (2011). Motorcycle Helmet Noise and Active Noise Reduction. In The Open Acoustics Journal (Vol. 4).
Chen, W. L., Chen, C. J., Yeh, C. Y., Lin, C. T., Cheng, H. C., & Chen, R. Y. (2013). Workplace Noise Exposure and Its Consequent Annoyance to Dentists. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 5(5), 177–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECM.2013.08.009
Diyana, N., Karuppiah, K., Rasdi, I., Sambasivam, S., Tamrin, S. M., Mani, KulanthayanK. C., Syahira, P., & Azmi, I. (2017). Vibration Exposure and Work‐Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Traffic Police Riders in Malaysia: A Review. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.4103/ATMPH.ATMPH_91_17
Figlus, T., Szafraniec, P., & Skrúcaný, T. (2019). Methods of Measuring and Processing Signals During Tests of The Exposure of a Motorcycle Driver to Vibration and Noise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173145
Goines, L., & Hagler, L. (2007). Noise Pollution: A Modern Plague. Southern Medical Journal, 100(3), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3180318be5

Gopinath, B., Thiagalingam, A., Teber, E., & Mitchell, P. (2011). Exposure to Workplace Noise and The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Mortality Among Older Adults. Preventive Medicine, 53(6), 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.10.001
He, J., Smith, L. M., Shkembi, A., & Neitzel, R. L. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Occupational Noise Exposure on Workplace Fatal and Nonfatal Injuries in The U.S. (2006–2020). International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 263, 114468. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEH.2024.114468
Hernandez, M., Kockelman, K. M., Lentz, J. O., & Lee, J. (2019). Emissions and noise mitigation through use of electric motorcycles. Transportation Safety and Environment, 1(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdz013
Jo, H., & Baek, E. M. (2024). Impacts of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss on Sleep, Health, And Workplace: Multi-Group Analysis. Heliyon, 10(9), e30861. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E30861
Jordan, C., Hetherington, O., Woodside, A., & Harvey, H. (2004). Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Occupational Motorcyclists. Journal of Environmental Health Research, 3(2), 66–71.
Lechner, C., Schnaiter, D., Siebert, U., & Böse-O’reilly, S. (2020). Effects of Motorcycle Noise on Annoyance—A Cross-Sectional Study in The Alps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051580
Leq Equivalent Continuous Sound Level | Svantek Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved March 26, 2025, from https://svantek.com/academy/leq-equivalent-continuous-sound-level/
Muazu, N. B. (2019). Environmental Impact of Commercial Motorcycles in Katsina Metropolis: Implications for Environmental Sustainability. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2019/v24i430172
Paviotti, M., & Vogiatzis, K. (2012). On the Outdoor Annoyance from Scooter and Motorbike Noise in The Urban Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 430, 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.010
Regulation on the Type Approval of the External Noise Emissions and Exhaust Systems of Motor Vehicles (70/157/AT), Pub. L. No. 24246 (2000).
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2020, June 1). Road Traffic Accident Statistics, 2019. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Road-Traffic-Accident-Statistics-2019-33628
Ali, A., & Dom, N. C. (2018). At-Ear Noise Levels Under the Helmet: A Field Study on Noise Exposure of Young Motorcyclists. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(3S), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v10i3s.18
Ali, A., Mohamad Hussain, R., Dahlan, A., & Asghar, A. (2020). Assessment of Motorcycle Noise Exposure Levels (LAeq, dBA) at Various Noise Standards and Speeds. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 5(15), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2455
Amine, J. D., Azodo, A. P., Onyekwere, S. O., & Tarihi, G. (2023). Noise Emission Characterization of Different Commercial Motorcyles in Nigeria for Appropriate Management Strategies. In USBTU (Vol. 2, Issue 1).
Apparicio, P., Gelb, J., Carrier, M., Mathieu, M. È., & Kingham, S. (2018). Exposure to Noise and Air Pollution by Mode of Transportation During Rush Hours in Montreal. Journal of Transport Geography, 70, 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.06.007
Barrero, J. P., García-Herrero, S., & Mariscal, M. A. (2022). Influence of Noise Level and Seniority in The Workplace on the SAL, ELI and Percentage of Hearing Loss Indices in The Diagnosis and Prevention of Hearing Loss in The Working Population. Journal of Safety Research, 80, 428–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSR.2021.12.025
Brown, C. H., & Gordon, M. S. (2011). Motorcycle Helmet Noise and Active Noise Reduction. In The Open Acoustics Journal (Vol. 4).
Chen, W. L., Chen, C. J., Yeh, C. Y., Lin, C. T., Cheng, H. C., & Chen, R. Y. (2013). Workplace Noise Exposure and Its Consequent Annoyance to Dentists. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, 5(5), 177–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECM.2013.08.009
Diyana, N., Karuppiah, K., Rasdi, I., Sambasivam, S., Tamrin, S. M., Mani, KulanthayanK. C., Syahira, P., & Azmi, I. (2017). Vibration Exposure and Work‐Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Traffic Police Riders in Malaysia: A Review. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(2), 334. https://doi.org/10.4103/ATMPH.ATMPH_91_17
Figlus, T., Szafraniec, P., & Skrúcaný, T. (2019). Methods of Measuring and Processing Signals During Tests of The Exposure of a Motorcycle Driver to Vibration and Noise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173145
Goines, L., & Hagler, L. (2007). Noise Pollution: A Modern Plague. Southern Medical Journal, 100(3), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3180318be5
Gopinath, B., Thiagalingam, A., Teber, E., & Mitchell, P. (2011). Exposure to Workplace Noise and The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Mortality Among Older Adults. Preventive Medicine, 53(6), 390–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.10.001
He, J., Smith, L. M., Shkembi, A., & Neitzel, R. L. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Occupational Noise Exposure on Workplace Fatal and Nonfatal Injuries in The U.S. (2006–2020). International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 263, 114468. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEH.2024.114468
Hernandez, M., Kockelman, K. M., Lentz, J. O., & Lee, J. (2019). Emissions and noise mitigation through use of electric motorcycles. Transportation Safety and Environment, 1(2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdz013
Jo, H., & Baek, E. M. (2024). Impacts of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss on Sleep, Health, And Workplace: Multi-Group Analysis. Heliyon, 10(9), e30861. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E30861
Jordan, C., Hetherington, O., Woodside, A., & Harvey, H. (2004). Noise Induced Hearing Loss in Occupational Motorcyclists. Journal of Environmental Health Research, 3(2), 66–71.
Lechner, C., Schnaiter, D., Siebert, U., & Böse-O’reilly, S. (2020). Effects of Motorcycle Noise on Annoyance—A Cross-Sectional Study in The Alps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051580
Leq Equivalent Continuous Sound Level | Svantek Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved March 26, 2025, from https://svantek.com/academy/leq-equivalent-continuous-sound-level/
Muazu, N. B. (2019). Environmental Impact of Commercial Motorcycles in Katsina Metropolis: Implications for Environmental Sustainability. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2019/v24i430172
Paviotti, M., & Vogiatzis, K. (2012). On the Outdoor Annoyance from Scooter and Motorbike Noise in The Urban Environment. Science of the Total Environment, 430, 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.010
Regulation on the Type Approval of the External Noise Emissions and Exhaust Systems of Motor Vehicles (70/157/AT), Pub. L. No. 24246 (2000).
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2020, June 1). Road Traffic Accident Statistics, 2019. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Road-Traffic-Accident-Statistics-2019-33628
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2024a, May 16). Road Traffic Accident Statistics, 2023. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Road-Traffic-Accident-Statistics-2023-53479
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2024b, July 19). Road Motor Vehicles, June 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Road-Motor-Vehicles-June-2024-53458
Williams, W., Purdy, S. C., Storey, L., Nakhla, M., & Boon, G. (2007). Towards More Effective Methods for Changing Perceptions of Noise in The Workplace. Safety Science, 45(4), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSCI.2006.07.005
Yao, C. M. K. L., Ma, A. K., Cushing, S. L., & Lin, V. Y. W. (2017). Noise Exposure While Commuting in Toronto - A Study of Personal and Public Transportation in Toronto. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 46(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-017-0239-6

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İşçi Sağlığı ve İş Güvenliği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Çiğdem Yarış Bu kişi benim
0009-0001-4231-5698
Türkiye

Emre Gümüş ^*
0000-0002-9446-6420
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

15 Ağustos 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

25 Aralık 2024

Kabul Tarihi

27 Mayıs 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1607354

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA79JZ96XN

APA

Yarış, Ç., & Gümüş, E. (2025). DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS. Ergonomi, 8(2), 72-79. https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1607354

AMA

1.Yarış Ç, Gümüş E. DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS. ERGONOMİ. 2025;8(2):72-79. doi:10.33439/ergonomi.1607354

Chicago

Yarış, Çiğdem, ve Emre Gümüş. 2025. “DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS”. Ergonomi 8 (2): 72-79. https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1607354.

EndNote

Yarış Ç, Gümüş E (01 Ağustos 2025) DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS. Ergonomi 8 2 72–79.

IEEE

[1]Ç. Yarış ve E. Gümüş, “DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS”, ERGONOMİ, c. 8, sy 2, ss. 72–79, Ağu. 2025, doi: 10.33439/ergonomi.1607354.

ISNAD

Yarış, Çiğdem - Gümüş, Emre. “DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS”. Ergonomi 8/2 (01 Ağustos 2025): 72-79. https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1607354.

JAMA

1.Yarış Ç, Gümüş E. DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS. ERGONOMİ. 2025;8:72–79.

MLA

Yarış, Çiğdem, ve Emre Gümüş. “DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS”. Ergonomi, c. 8, sy 2, Ağustos 2025, ss. 72-79, doi:10.33439/ergonomi.1607354.

Vancouver

1.Çiğdem Yarış, Emre Gümüş. DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS. ERGONOMİ. 01 Ağustos 2025;8(2):72-9. doi:10.33439/ergonomi.1607354

Dergi yılda 3 sayı (Nisan, Ağustos ve Aralık) olarak yayımlanmaktadır. Bu sayılara ek olarak Editörler Kurulu’nun kararıyla, Ulusal Ergonomi Kongresi’nde sunulan bildiriler “Özel Sayı” olarak yayımlanabilmektedir.

MOTOSİKLETLİ KURYELERDE BİREYSEL GÜRÜLTÜ MARUZİYET SEVİYESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Proje Numarası

DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUAL NOISE EXPOSURE LEVEL IN MOTORCYCLE COURIERS

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Teşekkür

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

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