PARÇACIK SÜRÜ ALGORITMASI ILE MANUEL YÜK KALDIRMA İŞLERİ IÇIN TASARIMI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 49 - 58, 30.04.2018

Harika Akalın Serap Seçkiner Yunus Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.476465

Öz

Son yıllarda otomasyonun neredeyse tüm aşamalarda kullanıldığı Endüstri
4.0 konsepti gündemde olmasına rağmen bir çok işletmede yük kaldırma işlemleri
hala manuel olarak (elle) yapılmaktadır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından
birçok yasal düzenleme ve çeşitli enstitülerin getirmiş olduğu standartlar
çerçevesinde özellikle manuel taşıma işleri için uygun işyeri tasarımı önemli
bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Genellikle yapılan kaldırma işi ile
ilgili; ağırlık, çalışma ortamı, yük ile ilgili şekil, taşıma kolaylığı vb.
bilgiler bilinmekle beraber yükün nereden, hangi açıyla, ne sıklıkla, ne kadar
yüksekliğe ve mesafeye taşınacağı yasalar ve mevzuatlar dikkate alındığında iş
yeri tasarımı açısından en iyi değerleri bulunması gereken parametreler olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapılacak iş için önceden
belirlenmiş koşullar dikkate alınarak fiziksel stresi en aza indirecek bir iş
yeri tasarımı önermektir. Çalışma alanındaki kısıtlamalar dahilinde yük
kaldırma gerektiren işlerde güvenli çalışma alanları tasarlamak için Parçacık
Sürüsü Optimizasyon Algoritması kullanılmıştır. Literatürde bulunan NIOSH(ABD
Ulusal İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Enstitüsü) tarafından sunulan manuel yük
kaldırma endeksini en aza indiren iş yeri tasarımı ile ilgili test problemleri
çözülmüş ve mevcut çalışmalarla kıyaslanmıştır. Önerilen algoritma, bu tarz
problemlerde mevcut yöntemlere kıyasla daha iyi tasarımlar sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Manuel Yük Kaldırma, İş Yeri Tasarımı, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu

A PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR MANUAL LIFTING TASKS DESIGN

Öz

In recent years although the Industry 4.0 concept, which has been used
in almost all stages, is still on the agenda, many lifting operations are still
carried out manually. In terms of occupational health and safety, many legal regulations and
the standards brought by various institutes, especially suitable for manual
transport work is an important problem. Generally related to the lifting work; weight, working environment, load
related shape, ease of handling etc. while the information is known, where the
load is to be moved, how often, how much height and distance to be taken into
consideration, the best values in terms of workplace design are the parameters
that should be found when the laws and regulations are taken into
consideration. The aim of this study is
to propose a workplace design that minimizes physical stress by considering the
predefined conditions for the work to be done. Particle Swarm Optimization
Algorithm has been used to design safe working areas for jobs requiring load
removal within the constraints of the work area. Test problems related to workplace design which minimizes manual load lifting
index presented by NIOSH are solved and compared with current studies. The proposed algorithm offers better designs compared
to existing methods in such problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Manuel lifting task, Workplace design, Particle Swarm Optimization

Kaynakça

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