PARÇACIK SÜRÜ ALGORITMASI ILE MANUEL YÜK KALDIRMA İŞLERİ IÇIN TASARIMI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 49 - 58, 30.04.2018

Harika Akalın , Serap Seçkiner , Yunus Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.476465

Öz

Son yıllarda otomasyonun neredeyse tüm aşamalarda kullanıldığı Endüstri
4.0 konsepti gündemde olmasına rağmen bir çok işletmede yük kaldırma işlemleri
hala manuel olarak (elle) yapılmaktadır. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından
birçok yasal düzenleme ve çeşitli enstitülerin getirmiş olduğu standartlar
çerçevesinde özellikle manuel taşıma işleri için uygun işyeri tasarımı önemli
bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Genellikle yapılan kaldırma işi ile
ilgili; ağırlık, çalışma ortamı, yük ile ilgili şekil, taşıma kolaylığı vb.
bilgiler bilinmekle beraber yükün nereden, hangi açıyla, ne sıklıkla, ne kadar
yüksekliğe ve mesafeye taşınacağı yasalar ve mevzuatlar dikkate alındığında iş
yeri tasarımı açısından en iyi değerleri bulunması gereken parametreler olarak
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapılacak iş için önceden
belirlenmiş koşullar dikkate alınarak fiziksel stresi en aza indirecek bir iş
yeri tasarımı önermektir. Çalışma alanındaki kısıtlamalar dahilinde yük
kaldırma gerektiren işlerde güvenli çalışma alanları tasarlamak için Parçacık
Sürüsü Optimizasyon Algoritması kullanılmıştır. Literatürde bulunan NIOSH(ABD
Ulusal İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Enstitüsü) tarafından sunulan manuel yük
kaldırma endeksini en aza indiren iş yeri tasarımı ile ilgili test problemleri
çözülmüş ve mevcut çalışmalarla kıyaslanmıştır. Önerilen algoritma, bu tarz
problemlerde mevcut yöntemlere kıyasla daha iyi tasarımlar sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Manuel Yük Kaldırma, İş Yeri Tasarımı, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu

A PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR MANUAL LIFTING TASKS DESIGN

Öz

In recent years although the Industry 4.0 concept, which has been used
in almost all stages, is still on the agenda, many lifting operations are still
carried out manually. In terms of occupational health and safety, many legal regulations and
the standards brought by various institutes, especially suitable for manual
transport work is an important problem. Generally related to the lifting work; weight, working environment, load
related shape, ease of handling etc. while the information is known, where the
load is to be moved, how often, how much height and distance to be taken into
consideration, the best values in terms of workplace design are the parameters
that should be found when the laws and regulations are taken into
consideration. The aim of this study is
to propose a workplace design that minimizes physical stress by considering the
predefined conditions for the work to be done. Particle Swarm Optimization
Algorithm has been used to design safe working areas for jobs requiring load
removal within the constraints of the work area. Test problems related to workplace design which minimizes manual load lifting
index presented by NIOSH are solved and compared with current studies. The proposed algorithm offers better designs compared
to existing methods in such problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Manuel lifting task, Workplace design, Particle Swarm Optimization

Kaynakça

• Adejuyigbe, S.b., S.o. Ismaila, H.o. Adeyemi, and A.f. Adekoya. 2015. “Low Back Pain Assessment Application for Construction Workers.” Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 13 (3): 419–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-02-2013-0008.
• Ajay Bangar, Manoj joshi, Ganesh Pal Singh Jadon, and Rajan Sharma. 2012. “Determination of Maximum Recommended We Ight Limit for Manual Lifting Task in Industry through Taguchi Parametric Optimization Technique.” International Journal of M Echanical and Industria l Engineering (IJMIE) Volume-1 (Issue-3): 69–73. http://interscience.in/IJMIE_Vol1Iss3/paper13.pdf.
• Andersen, Lars L., Emil Sundstrup, Mikkel Brandt, Efat Lali Dastjerdi, Roger Persson, and Markus D. Jakobsen. 2018. “Factors Associated with High Physical Exertion during Manual Lifting: Cross-Sectional Study among 200 Blue-Collar Workers.” Work 59 (1): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-172655.
• Andersen, Lars Louis, Nils Fallentin, Jeppe Zielinski Nguyen Ajslev, Markus Due Jakobsen, and Emil Sundstrup. 2017. “Association between Occupational Lifting and Day-to-Day Change in Low-Back Pain Intensity Based on Company Records and Text Messages.” Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 43 (1): 68–74. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3592.
• Andersen, Lars Louis, Nils Fallentin, Sannie Vester Thorsen, and Andreas Holtermann. 2016. “Physical Workload and Risk of Long-Term Sickness Absence in the General Working Population and among Blue-Collar Workers: Prospective Cohort Study with Register Follow-Up.” Occup Environ Med, January, oemed-2015-103314. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-103314.
• Anderson, Charles K., Don B. Chaffin, Gary D. Herrin, and Larry S. Matthews. 1985. “A Biomechanical Model of the Lumbosacral Joint during Lifting Activities.” Journal of Biomechanics 18 (8): 571–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(85)90012-0.
• “Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation.” 2017, May. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB94110.
• Arjmand, N., A. Plamondon, A. Shirazi-Adl, C. Larivière, and M. Parnianpour. 2011. “Predictive Equations to Estimate Spinal Loads in Symmetric Lifting Tasks.” Journal of Biomechanics 44 (1): 84–91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.028.
• Batish, Ajay, Anirban Bhattacharya, and Baljeet Singh. n.d. “Multi-Response Optimization and Empirical Modeling of Cardiopulmonary Responses during Manual Lifting Tasks.” Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 21 (1): 29–43. Accessed July 20, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20211.
• Carnahan, Brian J., and Mark S. Redfern. 1998. “Application of Genetic Algorithms to the Design of Lifting Tasks.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 21 (2): 145–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(96)00077-7.
• Chang, Chien-Chi, Don R. Brown, Donald S. Bloswick, and Simon M. Hsiang. 2001. “Biomechanical Simulation of Manual Lifting Using Spacetime Optimization.” Journal of Biomechanics 34 (4): 527–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00222-0.
• Colim, Ana S., P. Arezes, Paulo Flores, and A. C. Braga. 2015. “Study of the muscular activation in obese and non-obese subjects during lifting loads.” In Occupational Safety and Hygiene SHO2015 - Proceedings book, 76–78. Sociedade Portuguesa de Segurança e Higiene Ocupacionais (SPOSHO). http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/36360.
• De Castro, Leandro. 2002. “Immune, Swarm, and Evolutionary Algorithms. Part II: Philosophical Comparisons.” In , 1469–73 vol.3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONIP.2002.1203070.
• Dereli, Turkay, Serap Seçkiner, Gülesin Daş, Hadi Gokcen, and Mehmet Aydin. 2009. “An Exploration of the Literature on the Use of ‘swarm Intelligence-Based Techniques’ for Public Service Problems.” European Journal of Industrial Engineering 3 (January): 379–423. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIE.2009.027034.
• Eberhart, R., and J. Kennedy. 1995. “A New Optimizer Using Particle Swarm Theory.” In MHS’95. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science, 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MHS.1995.494215.
• Eberhart, Russ, Pat Simpson, and Roy Dobbins. 1996. Computational Intelligence PC Tools. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press Professional, Inc.
• Engelbrecht, A. 2014. “Particle Swarm Optimization: Global Best or Local Best?” In 2013 BRICS Congress on Computational Intelligence & 11th Brazilian Congress on Computational Intelligence (BRICS-CCI & CBIC)(CI), 124–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/BRICS-CCI-CBIC.2013.31.
• Engelbrecht, Andries P. 2007. Computational Intelligence: Particle Swarm Optimization. 2nd ed. Wiley Publishing.
• Fan, Xiangning, and Sebastian Straube. 2016. “Reporting on Work-Related Low Back Pain: Data Sources, Discrepancies and the Art of Discovering Truths.” Pain Management 6 (6): 553–59. https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt.16.8.
• Hu, Xiaohui, and Russell Eberhart. 2002. “Solving Constrained Nonlinear Optimization Problems with Particle Swarm Optimization.” In 6th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002, 203–206.
• Ismaila, S. O., and O. Aderele. 2015. “Determination of Safe Weight Limit of Sandcrete Block for Block Moulders.” In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEOM.2015.7093948.
• Jakobsen, Markus Due, Emil Sundstrup, Mikkel Brandt, Roger Persson, and Lars L. Andersen. 2018. “Estimation of Physical Workload of the Low-Back Based on Exposure Variation Analysis during a Full Working Day among Male Blue-Collar Workers. Cross-Sectional Workplace Study.” Applied Ergonomics 70 (July): 127–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.02.019.
• Kennedy, J. 1997. “The Particle Swarm: Social Adaptation of Knowledge.” In Proceedings of 1997 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation (ICEC ’97), 303–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEC.1997.592326.
• Kennedy, James. 2010. “Particle Swarm Optimization.” In Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, edited by Claude Sammut and Geoffrey I. Webb, 760–66. Boston, MA: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_630.
• Kuta, Łukasz, Jozef Ciez, and Izabela Golab. 2015. “Assessment of Workload on Musculoskeletal System of Milkers in Mechanical Milking Through the Use of Job Strain Index Method.” Scientific Papers: Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture & Rural Development 15 (1): 249–54.
• Lu, Ming-Lun, Vern Putz-Anderson, Arun Garg, and Kermit G. Davis. 2016. “Evaluation of the Impact of the Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation Evaluation of the Impact of the Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation.” Human Factors 58 (5): 667–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720815623894.
• Pavlovic-Veselinovic, Sonja, Alan Hedge, and Matija Veselinovic. 2016. “An Ergonomic Expert System for Risk Assessment of Work-Related Musculo-Skeletal Disorders.” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 53 (May): 130–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2015.11.008.
• Rahman, Mohd Nasrull Abdol, and Muhammad Fareez Ahmad Zuhaidi. 2017. “Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Ergonomic Hazards among Material Handlers in Grocery Retail Industries.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 226 (1): 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/226/1/012027.
• Seçkiner, Serap Ulusam, and Yunus Eroğlu. 2015. “Evaluation of a Harmony Search Algorithm for Manual Lifting Tasks Optimization.” International Journal of Computer Applications 131 (6): 10–17. https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume131/number6/23452-23452-2015907442.
• Singh, A., S. Singh, D. Philip, and J. Ramkumar. 2016. “A Review on NIOSH Lifting Equation Applicability.” In 2016 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/R10-HTC.2016.7906825.
• Singh, Ravindra Pratap, Ajay Batish, T. P. Singh, and Anirban Bhattacharya. n.d. “An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effect of Ambient Temperature during Manual Lifting and Design of Optimal Task Parameters.” Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 24 (1): 54–70. Accessed July 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20353.
• Sterud, Tom, and Tore Tynes. 2013. “Work-Related Psychosocial and Mechanical Risk Factors for Low Back Pain: A 3-Year Follow-up Study of the General Working Population in Norway.” Occup Environ Med 70 (5): 296–302. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2012-101116.
• Sulaiman, Mohd Herwan, Hassan Ibrahim, Hamdan Daniyal, and Mohd Rusllim Mohamed. 2014. “A New Swarm Intelligence Approach for Optimal Chiller Loading for Energy Conservation.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd International Conference on Innovation, Management and Technology Research, 129 (May): 483–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.704.
• WATERS, THOMAS R., VERN PUTZ-ANDERSON, ARUN GARG, and LAWRENCE J. FINE. 1993. “Revised NIOSH Equation for the Design and Evaluation of Manual Lifting Tasks.” Ergonomics 36 (7): 749–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139308967940.