MADENCİLİK SEKTÖRÜNDE GÖRÜLEN ERGONOMİK RİSK FAKTÖRLERİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 55 - 71, 15.04.2022

Melike Yağcı , Osman Yıldızlar , Murat Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1070084

Öz

Madencilik sektörü çok tehlikeli sınıfta yer almakla beraber en kısa sürede en fazla üretimi ve kar elde etmeyi hedef alır. Kas İskelet Sistemi Rahatsızlıkları (KİSR) başta olmak üzere işyerlerindeki sağlık ve güvenlik sorunlarını en aza indirip üretkenlik ve doyum dâhil olmak üzere insan performansını en üst düzeye çıkarmak üzere yapılan girişimler ergonomi alanının konusudur. Madencilikte ergonomik risklerin getirdiği iş günü, işgücü kaybı gibi sonuçlar, bu konuda yapılan araştırma ve incelemelere ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında; madencilikteki ergonomik risklerin özellikle Kas İskelet Sistemi (KİS) riskleri bağlamında ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. ‘Google Scholar’ elektronik veri tabanı ile 2002- 2021 yılları arasındaki ulusal ve uluslararası makale, konferans bildirileri ve kitap bölümleri incelenmiştir. Madencilikte ergonomi ve KİSR’ye yönelik yapılmış çalışmalar mantıksal bütünlük halinde ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda madencilikte görülen ergonomik risk faktörleri; fiziksel, kişisel, psikososyal, organizasyonel (örgütsel) ve çevresel boyutta başlıklar halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışmalar maden türüne ve belirtilen ergonomik risk türüne göre sınıflandırılmış olup; risk türlerine göre karşılaşılan özellikli durumlar irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

madencilik sektörü, ergonomik risk, kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıkları, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği

ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY

Öz

Although the mining industry is in the very dangerous class, it aims to achieve the highest production and profit in the shortest time. The initiatives taken to minimize health and safety problems in the workplace, especially about Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) and to maximize human performance including productivity and satisfaction are the subject of ergonomics. Results such as loss of workday and workforce brought by ergonomic risks in mining show that there is need for researches and investigations on this subject. In this compilation study; it is aimed to address ergonomic risks in mining, especially in the context of musculoskeletal system risks. With the "Google Scholar" electronic database, national and international articles and conference proceedings between 2002 and 2021 were examined. Studies on ergonomics and MSD in mining are handled in a logical integrity. In this context ergonomic risk factors seen in mining; physical, personal, psychosocial, organizational and environmental dimensions. The studies are classified according to the mine type and the ergonomic risk type; special situations encountered according to risk types are examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mining industry, Ergonomic risk, musculoskeletal disorders, occupational health and safety

Kaynakça

• Aksüt, G., Tamer, E. & Tüfekçi, M. (2020). Ergonomİk Risk Faktörlerinin Sınıflandırılması Bir Literatür Taraması. Ergonomi, 3(3), 169-192.
• Amponsah-Tawiah, K., Leka, S., Jain, A., Hollis, D. & Cox, T. (2014). The Impact of Physical and Psychosocial Risks on Employee Well-being and Quality of Life: The Case of the Mining Industry in Ghana. Safety Science, 65, 28-35.
• Bhattacherjee, A., Kunar, B. M., Baumann, M. & Chau, N. (2013). The Role of Occupational Activities and Work Environment in Occupational Injury and Interplay of Personal Factors in Various Age Groups Among Indian and French Coalminers. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 26(6), 910-929.
• Biering-Sørensen, F. (1984). Physical Measurements as Risk Indicators for Low-Back Trouble Over a One-Year Period. Spine, 9(2), 106-119.
• Bilir, N. (2016). İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği. Güneş Tıp Kitabevi, Ankara.
• Boğa, B. (2014). Açık Ocak Yöntemi ile Çalışılan Bir Madende Ergonomik Risklerin Anket Yoluyla Değerlendirilmesi. Uzmalık Tezi, Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Ankara.
• Carlisle, K. N. & Parker, A. W. (2014). Psychological Distress and Pain Reporting in Australian Coal Miners. Safety and health at work, 5(4), 203-209.
• Chaudhary, D. K., Bhattacherjee, A., Patra, A. K., Upadhyay, R. & Chau, N. (2019). Associations Between Whole-Body Vibration Exposure and Occupational and Personal Factors in Drill Operators in Indian Iron Ore Mines. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 36(3), 495-511.
• Choi, S. D. & Woletz, T. (2010). Do Stretching Programs Prevent Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Journal of safety, health and environmental research, 6(3), 1-19.
• Da Costa, B. R. & Vieira, E. R. (2010). Risk factors for Work‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review of Recent Longitudinal Studies. American journal of industrial medicine, 53(3), 285-323.
• Demir, G., Yılmaz, M. & Şen, M. (2016). Eti Bakır A.Ş Küre Yeraltı İşletmesi'nde Gerçekleştirilen Patlatma Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 55(2), 53-62.
• Deuster, P. A. & Silverman, M. N. (2013). Physical Fitness: a Pathway to Health and Resilience. US Army Medical Department Journal.
• Erdem, B., Doğan, T., Duran, Z. & Özgen, Z. (2016). Maden İşyerlerinde Kullanılan Bazı İş Araçlarından Kaynaklanan El-Kol Titreşim Maruziyetinin Ölçümü ve Değerlendirilmesi. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 55(2), 23-44.
• Ghosh, A. K., Bhattacherjee, A. & Chau, N. (2004). Relationships of Working Conditions and Individual Characteristics to Occupational Injuries: A Case-Control Study in Coal Miners. Journal of occupational health, 46(6), 470-480.
• Günaydın, M. & Şüküroğlu, E. E. (2021). Yeraltı Maden Çalışanlarının Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Çalışmalarına Etkisi. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 179-209.
• Hardison, M. E. & Roll, S. C. (2017). Factors Associated with Success in An Occupational Rehabilitation Program for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71(1), 1-8.
• Hossny, M., Nahavandi, D., Nahavandi, S., Haydari, V. & Harding, S. (2015). Musculoskeletal Analysis of Mining Activities. Paper presented at the 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering.
• Jahangiri, M., Moussavi Najarkola, S. A., Gholami, T., Mohammadpour, H., Jahangiri, A., Hesam, G. & Jalali, M. (2015). Ergonomics Intervention to Reduce Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in A Lead Mine. Health Scope, 4(4).
• Jiskani, I. M., Silva, J. M. N. D., Chalgri, S. R., Behrani, P., Lu, X. & Manda, E. (2020). Mine Health and Safety: Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Miners in Pakistan. International Journal of Mining and Mineral Engineering, 11(2), 152-167.
• Keskin, M. Ö., Doğan, O. & Ersoy, S. (2020). Metalik Bir Yeraltı Maden İşletmesi, Cevher Çıkarma, Üretim ve Nakliyat Aşamalarında Risk Değerlendirmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 9(2), 84-98.
• Komljenovic, D., Loiselle, G. & Kumral, M. (2017). Organization: A New Focus on Mine Safety Improvement in A Complex Operational and Business Environment. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 27(4), 617-625.
• Koningsveld, E. (2019). History of the International Ergonomics Association 1985-2018. In: IEA Press.
• Kumar, S. (2004). Vibration in Operating Heavy Haul Trucks in Overburden Mining. Applied Ergonomics, 35(6), 509-520.
• Mandal, B., B. (2014). Implementation of DGMS Guidelines for Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Mining Operations. Paper presented at the National Workshop on Applied Ergonomics for Mining. National Institute of Miners.
• McBride, D. I. (2004). Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Hearing Conservation in Mining. Occupational medicine, 54(5), 290-296.
• McPhee, B. (2004). Ergonomics in Mining. Occupational medicine, 54(5), 297-303.
• Moore, S., Bauer, E. & Steiner, L. (2008). Prevalence and Cost of Cumulative Injuries Over Two Decades of Technological Advances: A Look at Underground Coal Mining in The US. Min Eng, 60(1), 46-50.
• Moore, S., Pollard, J. & Nelson, M. (2012). Task-Specific Postures in Low-Seam Underground Coal Mining. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 42(2), 241-248.
• Nyantumbu, B., Barber, C. M., Ross, M., Curran, A. D., Fishwick, D., Dias, B., . . . Phillips, J. I. (2007). Hand–Arm Vibration Syndrome in South African Gold Miners. Occupational medicine, 57(1), 25-29.
• Otman, S. & Köse, N. (2008). Antropometrik Ölçümler: Tedavi Hareketlerinde Temel Değerlendirme Prensipleri. Yücel Ofset Yayınları, Ankara.
• Otto, A. & Battaïa, O. (2017). Reducing Physical Ergonomic Risks at Assembly Lines by Line Balancing and Job Rotation: A Survey. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 111, 467-480.
• Paul, P. & Maiti, J. (2008). The Synergic Role of Sociotechnical and Personal Characteristics on Work Injuries in Mines. Ergonomics, 51(5), 737-767.
• Ravindran, D. (2019). Ergonomic impact on employees’ work performance. Advance and Innovative Research, 6(1), 231-237.
• Sarıkaya, S. (2002). Kömür Madeni Çalışanlarında Bel Ağrısı. Retrieved from Zonguldak:
• Selici, K., Özdemir, Ö. Ç., Kunduracılar, Z., Kayınova, A. & Köktürk, F. (2018). Zonguldak Yeraltı Maden İşçilerinde Fiziksel Uygunluk ile Bel Ağrısı Özrü ve Ayakta Durma Dengesi İlişkisi. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 5(3), 173-180.
• Sen, A., Sanjog, J. & Karmakar, S. (2020). A Comprehensive Review of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Mining Sector and Scope for Ergonomics Design Interventions. IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 8(3), 113-131.
• Sharma, G. D., Dey, S. & Dey, N. (2016). Rationalising Postural Demand of Side Discharge Loading Machine Operators with Respect to Musculoskeletal Pain and Discomfort in Underground Coal Mines in India. International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 4(1), 60-72.
• Stewart, I. B., McDonald, M. D., Hunt, A. P. & Parker, T. W. (2008). Physical Capacity of Rescue Personnel in the Mining Industry. Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology, 3(1), 1-6.
• Stewart, M., Latimer, J. & Jamieson, M. (2003). Back Extensor Muscle Endurance Test Scores in Coal Miners in Australia. Journal of occupational rehabilitation, 13(2), 79-89.
• Street, T. D. & Thomas, D. L. (2017). Beating Obesity: Factors Associated with Interest in Workplace Weight Management Assistance in the Mining Industry. Safety and health at work, 8(1), 89-93.
• Tekin, Y. (2006). Madencilerde Bel Ağrısı Sıklığının Değerlendirilmesi ve Ofis Çalışanları Ile Karşılaştırılması. Uzmanlık Tezi, Karaelmas Üniversitesi, Zonguldak.
• Tekin, Y., Ortancil, O., Ankarali, H., Basaran, A., Sarikaya, S. & Ozdolap, S. (2009). Biering-Sorensen Test Scores in Coal Miners. Joint Bone Spine, 76(3), 281-285.
• Torma-Krajewski, J., Steiner, L., Lewis, P., Gust, P. & Johnson, K. (2007). Implementation of An Ergonomics Process at A US Surface Coal Mine. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37(2), 157-167.
• Weston, E., Nasarwanji, M. F. & Pollard, J. P. (2016). Identification of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Mining. Journal of safety, health and environmental research, 12(1), 274-283.
• Wiehagen, W. J. & Turin, F. C. (2004). Ergonomic Assessment of Musculoskeletal Risk Factors at Four Mine Sites; Underground Coal, Surface Copper, Surface Phosphate, and Underground Limestone. Pittsburgh, PA : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory.
• Wolfgang, R. & Burgess-Limerick, R. (2014). Whole-Body Vibration Exposure of Haul Truck Drivers at A Surface Coal Mine. Applied Ergonomics, 45(6), 1700-1704.
• World Mining Data. (2020) Erişim adresi: https://www.world-mining-data.info/wmd/downloads/PDF/WMD2020.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 15 Ekim 2021.
• Xu, G., Pang, D., Liu, F., Pei, D., Wang, S. & Li, L. (2012). Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Associated Occupational Factors Among Chinese Coal Miners. BMC public health, 12(1), 1-6.
• Yağcı, M. (2021). Yeraltı Maden İşletmelerinde Mesleki Kas İskelet Sistemi Hastalıklarının Görülme Sıklığı ve İş Performansına Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Avrasya Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
• Yıldız, A. N. & Sandal, A. (2020). İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Meslek Hastalıkları, Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
• You, B., Wu, C., Li, J. & Liao, H. (2014). Physiological Responses of People in Working Faces of Deep Underground Mines. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 24(5), 683-688.
• Yue, P., Xu, G., Li, L. & Wang, S. (2014). Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Relation to Psychosocial Factors. Occupational medicine, 64(3), 211-216.