Investigation of Sprint Flutter Kick’s Finishing Times and Kick Counts According to Three Different Fins Models in Underwater Hockey Athletes

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate of sprint flutter kick’s finishing times and kick counts according to three different fins models in underwater hockey athletes. Ten male athletes (mean age: 24.40±4.27 years) who were licensed underwater hockey players in the Turkish Underwater Sports Federation voluntarily participated in the study. Three fins models made of materials with different hardness were used in the study: a) Breier open fins b) Mares Avanti Quattro Power c) Najade Underwater Hockey. The athletes performed two 12.5 m maximal flutter kick on each of the three fins models underwater. During this performance, underwater flutter kick images of the athletes were recorded with a 60 Hz SJCAM 4k camera. After the images of all athletes were recorded, these images were transferred to the computer. Kinovea 0.9.5 program was used to calculate the finishing times and the number of flutter kick of the athletes individually. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). It was determined that the data were normally distributed (Shapiro-Wilk test Normality test) (p>0.05). Finishing time and flutter kick counts in two repetitions were evaluated in the same repetitions and compared by Repeated Measures ANOVA according to three different fins models. There was no statistically significant difference in the finishing times of the athletes in both repetitions according to the three different fins models (p>0.05) and there was a statistically significant difference in the number of 1st flutter kick (p<0.05). As a result, the athletes finished the distance in a shorter time with the Breier and Najade fins. During this period, they achieved fewer flutter kick with the Breier compared to other fins models.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Underwater hockey
• fins
• flutter kick

Sualtı Hokey Sporcularında Üç Farklı Palet Modeline Göre Sprint Ayak Vuruşlarının Bitiriş Süreleri ve Vuruş Sayılarının İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı sualtı hokeyi sporcularının palet modeline göre sprint ayak vuruşlarının bitiriş süreleri ve vuruş sayılarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya Türkiye Sualtı Sporları Federasyonunda lisanslı olarak sualtı hokeyi oynayan 10 erkek sporcu (yaş ortalaması: 24.40±4.27yıl) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmada farklı sertlikteki malzemelerden üretilen üç palet modeli kullanılmıştır: a) Breier marka açık palet b) Mares marka Avanti Quattro Power c) Najade marka Underwater Hockey. Sporcular sualtında her üç palet modelinde ikişer 12.5 metre maksimal serbest ayak vuruşu uygulamaları istenilmiştir. Bu uygulama sırasında 60 Hz özelliğinde SJCAM 4k kamera ile sporcuların sualtı ayak vuruş görüntüleri kaydedilmiştir. Tüm sporcuların görüntüleri kaydedildikten sonra bu görüntüler bilgisayar ortamına aktarılmıştır. Kinovea 0.9.5 programı kullanılarak sporcuların bitiriş süreleri ve ayak vuruş sayıları bireysel olarak hesaplanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS (version 22; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY) ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği (Shapiro-Wilk testi Normallik testi) tespit edilmiştir (p>0.05). İki tekrarda alınan bitiriş süresi ve serbest ayak vuruş sayıları aynı tekrarlarda değerlendirilerek üç farklı palet modeline göre tekrarlı varyans analizi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sporcuların her iki tekrarda da üç farklı palet modeline göre bitiriş sürelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p>0.05) ve birinci ayak vuruş sayısında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, sporcular Breier ve Najade marka paletler ile mesafeyi daha kısa sürede tamamlamışlardır. Bu süre içerisinde Breier marka palet ile diğer palet modellerine göre daha az ayak vuruşu gerçekleştirmişlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sualtı hokeyi
• palet
• serbest ayak vuruşu

Kaynakça

1. Higgs, A. J., Pease, D. L. & Sanders, R. H. (2017). Relationships between kinematics and undulatory underwater swimming performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(10), 995-1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1208836
2. Kesepara, F. (2018). Elit sualtı hokeyi oyuncularının bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametrelerinin incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans tezi), Haliç Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim Dalı
3. Marinho, D., Mantha, V., Vilas-Boas, J. P., Ramos, R., Machado, L., Rouboa, A. & Silva, A. (2012). Effect of wearing a swimsuit on hydrodynamic drag of swimmer. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 55, 851-856. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132012000600007
4. Nicolas, G. & Bideau, B. (2009). A kinematic and dynamic comparison of surface and underwater displacement in high level monofin swimming. Human Movement Science, 28(4), 480-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2009.02.004
5. Nicolas, G., Bideau, B., Bideau, N., Colobert, B., Guerroue, G. & Delamarche, P. (2010). A new system for analyzing swim fin propulsion based on human kinematic data. Journal of Biomechanics, 43, 1884-1889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.031
6. Ozen, S. (2020). Correlation between agility and speed in elite underwater hockey players. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(12), 86-91. Doi: 10.26655/IJAEP.2020.12.1
7. Özen, Ş., Kuruoğlu, Y. A. & Saraç, İ. N. (2018). Elit erkek sualtı hokeyi ve paletli yüzme sporcuları vücut yağ yüzdelerinin haftalık antrenman süreleri açısından değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(3), 183-189.
8. Ozgider, C., Korkusuz, F., Ozdemir, R.A., Salci, Y., Cuc, M. & Aartut, V. (2011). Flutter kick swimming velocity is related to isokinetic knee muscle strength but not to isokınetic trunk muscle strength in elite male underwater hockey players. N. T. Cable, K. George (Ed), ECSS 2011 Book of Abstracts. (ss. 421) Liverpool: Liverpool John Moores University. Pendergast, D. R., Mollendorf, J., Logue, C. & Samimy, S. (2003). Evaluation of fins used in underwater swimming. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, 30(1), 57-71. PMID: 12841609.

9. Pendergast, D., Mollendorf, J., Logue, C. & Samimy, S. (2003). Underwater fin swimming in women with reference to fin selection. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, 30(1), 72-82. PMID: 12841610
10. Rejman, M. & Ochmann, B. (2009). Modeling of monofin swimming technique: Optimization of feet displacement and fin strain. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 25(4), 340-350.https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.25.4.340
11. Rejman, M. (2013). Analysis of relationships between the level of errors in leg and monofin movement and stroke parameters in monofin swimming. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12, 171-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1208836
12. Samimy, S., Mollendorf, J. C. & Pendergast, D. R. (2005). A theoretical and experimental analysis of diver technique in underwater fin swimming. Sports Engineering, 8, 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02844129
13. Stavrou, V., Tsarouhas, K., Karetsi, E., Michos, P., Daniil, Z. & Gourgoulianis, K. (2018). Adolescent finswimmers: Early myocardial adaptations in different swimming styles. Sports, 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030078 The World Underwater Federation. (2019, November 07) Playing Area Requirements Volume 1 https://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=5288&language=1
14. Tok, D. (2014). Su altı hokeyı̇ndekı̇ filik hareketinin kı̇nematı̇k analizi. (Yayınlanmış Yüksek Lisans tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Fizyoterapistliği Ana Bilim Dalı. Ankara.
15. Vercruyssen, F., Boitel, G., Alberty, M., Nesi, X., Bourdon, L. & Brisswalter, J. (2012). Influence of kick frequency on metabolic efficiency and performance at a severe intensity in international monofin-swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 1055-1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.690072
16. Wylegala, J., Schafer-Owczarzak, M., & Pendergast, D. R. (2007). Optimization of fin-swim training for SCUBA divers. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, 34(6), 431-438.
17. Zamparo, P., Pendergast, D. R., Termin, A. & Minetti, A. E. (2006). Economy and efficiency of swimming at the surface with fins of different size and stiffness. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 96, 459-470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-0075-7
18. Zamparo, P., Pendergast, D. R., Termin, B. & Minetti, A. E. (2002). How fins affect the economy and efficiency of human swimming. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205(17), 2665-2676. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.17.2665