Farklı Unilateral Squat Egzersizlerin Biyomekanik Açıdan Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı unilateral squat egzersizleri sırasında oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışmaya Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinde eğitim gören, 18-25 yaş aralığındaki, 21 erkek gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan altı farklı unilateral squat egzersizini (1-Split squat, 2-Bulgar squat, 3-Trx Bulgar squat, 4-Tek bacak squat 5-Yana squat, 6-Adım squat) baskın ekstremiteleri kuvvet platformu üzerinde olacak şekilde yapmaları istenilmiştir. Katılımcılar egzersizler sırasında vücut ağırlıklarının %10’una denk gelen halter ekipmanı taşımıştır. Egzersiz fazlarının değerlendirilmesinde iki adet yüksek hızlı kameradan (Vooskühler, Germany) yararlanılmıştır. Egzersizler sırasında oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvveti verileri, kuvvet platformu (MatScan System; Tekscan, Inc., USA) aracılığıyla alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda her bir olgu, altı farklı unilateral squat egzersizini üç tekrarlı olarak yapmış ve her bir egzersize ait zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetleri bu üç tekrarın ortalaması alınarak ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Egzersizler sırasında oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetleri Friedman testiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Grupların ikili karşılaştırılmasında Wilcoxon testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmamız sonucunda tek bacak ve adım squat egzersizlerinin hem eksantrik hem de konsantrik fazları sırasında oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetleri diğer egzersizlerde oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetlerinden anlamlı olarak büyükken; split squat egzersizi sırasında oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetleri diğer egzersizlerde oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetlerinden anlamlı olarak düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ayrıca Trx Bulgar squat egzersizi sırasında oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetlerinin Bulgar ve yana squat egzersizlerinde oluşan zirve dikey yer reaksiyon kuvvetlerinden anlamlı olarak büyük olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışma sonuçlarımız, her egzersiz tipinin doğurduğu yer reaksiyon kuvvetinin büyüklüğü dikkate alınarak, kuvvet artırımı veya rehabilitasyon hedeflerine uygun egzersizlerin seçiminde yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unilateral egzersiz
• Squat
• Yer reaksiyon kuvveti

Biomechanical Comparison of Different Unilateral Squat Exercises

Öz

The aim of this research is to compare the peak vertical ground reaction forces that occur during unilateral squat exercises. Twenty-one male volunteers, aged between 18-25, studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences, participated in the study. Participants were asked to perform six different unilateral squat exercises (1-Split squat, 2- Step squat, 3-Bulgarian squat, 4-Trx Bulgarian Squat, 5-Side squat, 6-Single leg squat) with their dominant extremities on the force platform. Participants carried barbell equipment equivalent to 10% of their body weight during the exercises. Two high-speed cameras (Vooskühler, Germany) were used to evaluate the exercise phases. Peak vertical ground reaction force data occurring during the exercises were captured via the force platform (MatScan System; Tekscan, Inc., USA). In our study, each subject performed six different unilateral squat exercises in three repetitions, and the peak vertical ground reaction forces of each exercise were calculated separately by taking the average of these three repetitions. Peak vertical ground reaction forces occurring during the exercises were compared with the Friedman test. Wilcoxon test was used for pairwise comparison of groups. As a result of our study, the peak vertical ground reaction forces that occurred during both the eccentric and concentric phases of the single leg and step squat exercises were significantly higher than the other exercises, while the peak vertical ground reaction forces that occurred during the split squat were found to be significantly lower than the other exercises (p<0.05). Additionally, it was determined that the peak vertical ground reaction forces occurring during the Trx Bulgarian squat exercise were significantly higher than the peak vertical ground reaction forces occurring during the Bulgarian and side squat exercises. Our study results will help in the selection of exercises suitable for strength increase or rehabilitation goals, taking into account the magnitude of the ground reaction force generated by each type of exercise.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Unilateral exercise
• Squat
• Ground reaction force

Kaynakça

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