Investigation of Toxicity Parameters of La-TiO₂ Nanoparticles in Allium cepa L. Root Tip Cells

Öz

Bu çalışmada günümüzde artık yaygın kullanılan nanopartiküllerden (NP) biri olan ve elektronik ve optik uygulamalar, enerji depolama ve fotokatalizör olarak da kullanılan Lantan katkılı titantum dioksit (La-TiO2) nanopartiküllerinin Allium cepa L. kök ucu hücrelerinde meydana getirdiği doza bağlı fizyolojik, anatomik ve sitogenetik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Mikrodalga yöntemiyle sentezlenen La-TiO2 NP’lerin SEM, XRD gibi karakterizasyon analizleri yapılıp istenen özellikte bir nanopartikül sentezinden sonra çalışmadaki in vivo parametrelere geçilmiştir. Çalışmada fizyolojik parametreler açısından: çimlenme yüzdesi, kök uzunluğu ve ağırlık artışı; sitogenetik indikatörler açısından kromozom anormalliği (KA), mikronükleus (MN) sıklığı, mitotik indeks (MI); anatomik olarak meristematik hücre hasarları kesitler alınarak incelenmiş ve elde edilen veriler istatistiksel açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Test materyali olarak kullanılan soğanlar kontrol (Grup I) ve La-TiO2 naopartikülü ile farklı dozlarlarda uygulanan Grup II (10 ppm), Grup III (25 ppm), Grup IV (50 ppm) ve Grup V (100 ppm) olmak üzere beş gruba ayrılmıştır. 72 saat yapılan uygulama sonucunda La-TiO2 nanopartiküle maruz bırakılan gruplarda uygulanan doz miktarındaki artışa bağlı olarak fizyolojik parametrelerde azalma meydana geldiği belirlenmiş olup, KA ve MN sıklığı açısından bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Anatomik hasarlar bakımından epidermal hücre hasarı, kalınlaşmış korteks hücre duvarı, yassılaşmış hücre çekirdekleri ve belirgin olmayan iletim dokusu La-TiO2 uygulanan gruplarda gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak istenen boyutlarda sentezlenen ve çalışmada kullanılan La-TiO2 NP’lerin A.cepa L. kök ucu hücrelerde sitotoksik, genotoksik ve anatomik hasara sebep olan etkiler oluşturabildiği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• A.cepa L.
• La-TiO2 nanopartikül
• mikronükleus
• sitogenetik
• meristematik hasar

Investigation of Toxicity Parameters of La-TiO₂ Nanoparticles in Allium cepa L. Root Tip Cells

Öz

In this study, the dose-dependent physiological, anatomical, and cytogenetic effects of lanthanum-doped titanium dioxide (La-TiO₂) nanoparticles, which are widely used today and have applications in electronics, optics, energy storage, and photocatalysis, were investigated in Allium cepa L. root tip cells. La-TiO₂ NPs were synthesized using the microwave method, and characterization analyses such as SEM and XRD were performed to ensure the desired nanoparticle properties before proceeding to in vivo parameters. In the study, physiological parameters including germination percentage, root length, and weight increase; cytogenetic indicators including chromosomal abnormality (CA), micronucleus (MN) frequency, and mitotic index (MI); and anatomical effects on meristematic cell damage were examined through sectioning, and the obtained data were statistically evaluated. The onion bulbs used as test materials were divided into five groups: Control (Group I) and groups Group II (10 ppm), Group III (25 ppm), Group IV (50 ppm) and Group V (100 ppm) exposed to different doses of La-TiO₂ nanoparticles. After a 72-hour application, it was determined that physiological parameters decreased in groups exposed to La-TiO₂ nanoparticles as the applied dose increased. Additionally, an increase in chromosomal abnormality (CA) and micronucleus (MN) frequency was observed. In terms of anatomical damage, epidermal cell damage, thickened cortical cell walls, flattened cell nuclei, and indistinct vascular tissues were detected in groups treated with La-TiO₂. As a result, it was demonstrated that the La-TiO₂ nanoparticles, synthesized in the desired sizes and used in this study, could cause cytotoxic, genotoxic, and anatomical damage in A. cepa L. root tip cells.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• A.cepa L.
• La-TiO2 nanoparticle
• micronucleus
• cytogenetics
• meristematic damage

Kaynakça

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